- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/742/L19
- Title:
- Physics of Kepler hot rocky planetary candidates
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/742/L19
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- This paper outlines a simple approach to evaluate the atmospheric composition of hot rocky planets by assuming different types of planetary composition and using corresponding model calculations. To explore hot atmospheres above 1000K, we model the vaporization of silicate magma and estimate the range of atmospheric compositions according to the planet's radius and semi-major axis for the Kepler 2011 February data release. Our results show five atmospheric types for hot, rocky super-Earth atmospheres, strongly dependent on the initial composition and the planet's distance to the star. We provide a simple set of parameters that can be used to evaluate atmospheric compositions for current and future candidates provided by the Kepler mission and other searches.
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Search Results
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/633/A13
- Title:
- pi.01 Gru ALMA CO(3-2) data cube
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/633/A13
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- This study follows up the previous analysis of lower-angular resolution data in which the kinematics and structure of the circumstellar envelope (CSE) around the S-type asymptotic giant branch (AGB) star pi^1^ Gruis were investigated. The AGB star has a known companion (at a separation of ~400AU) which cannot explain the strong deviations from spherical symmetry of the CSE. Recently, hydrodynamic simulations of mass transfer in closer binary systems have successfully reproduced the spiral-shaped CSEs found around a handful of sources. There is growing evidence for an even closer, undetected companion complicating the case of pi^1^ Gruis further. The improved spatial resolution allows for the investigation of the complex circumstellar morphology and the search for imprints on the CSE of the third component. We have observed the ^12^CO J=3-2 line emission from pi^1^ Gruis using both the compact and extended array of Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA). The interferometric data has furthermore been combined with data from the ALMA total power (TP) array. The imaged brightness distribution has been used to constrain a non-local, non-LTE 3D radiative transfer model of the CSE. The high-angular resolution ALMA data have revealed the first example of a source on the AGB where both a faster bipolar outflow and a spiral pattern along the orbital plane can be seen in the gas envelope. The spiral can be traced in the low- to intermediate velocity (13-25km/s) equatorial torus. The largest spiral-arm separation is ~5.5" and consistent with a companion with an orbital period of ~330yrs and a separation of less than 70AU. The kinematics of the bipolar outflow is consistent with it being created during a mass-loss eruption where the mass-loss rate from the system increased by at least a factor of 5 during 10-15yrs. The spiral pattern is the result of an undetected companion. The bipolar outflow is the result of a rather recent mass-loss eruption event.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/640/A73
- Title:
- pi Men radial velocity curves
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/640/A73
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Measuring the geometry of multi-planet extrasolar systems can provide insight into their dynamical history and the processes of planetary formation. These types of measurements are challenging for systems that are detected through indirect techniques such as radial velocity and transit, having only been measured for a handful of systems to date. We aim to place constraints on the orbital geometry of the outer planet in the {pi} Mensae system, a G0V star at a distance of 18.3pc that is host to a wide-orbit super-Jovian (Msini=10.02+/-0.15M_Jup_) with a 5.7-year period and an inner transiting super-Earth (M=4.82+/-0.85M_{Earth}_) with a 6.3-d period. The reflex motion induced by the outer planet on the Mensae star causes a significant motion of the photocenter of the system on the sky plane over the course of the 5.7-year orbital period of the planet. We combined astrometric measurements from the Hipparcos and Gaia satellites with a precisely determined spectroscopic orbit in an attempt to measure this reflex motion, and in turn we constrained the inclination of the orbital plane of the outer planet. We measure an inclination of i_b_=49.9^+5.3^_-4.5_deg for the orbital plane of {pi} Mensae b, leading to a direct measurement of its mass of 13:01^+1.03^_-0.95_M_{Jup}_. We find a significant mutual inclination between the orbital planes of the two planets, with a 95% credible interval for i_mut_ of between 34.5{deg} and 140.6{deg} after accounting for the unknown position angle of the orbit of {pi} Mensae c, strongly excluding a co-planar scenario for the two planets within this system. All orbits are stable in the present-day configuration, and secular oscillations of planet c's eccentricity are quenched by general relativistic precession. Planet c may have undergone high eccentricity tidal migration triggered by Kozai-Lidov cycles, but dynamical histories involving disk migration or in situ formation are not ruled out. Nonetheless, this system provides the first piece of direct evidence that giant planets with large mutual inclinations have a role to play in the origins and evolution of some super-Earth systems.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/642/A31
- Title:
- pi Men radial velocity curves
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/642/A31
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The bright star {pi} Men was chosen as the first target for a radial velocity follow-up to test the performance of ESPRESSO, the new high-resolution spectrograph at the ESO's Very-Large Telescope (VLT). The star hosts a multi-planet system (a transiting 4M_{earth}_ planet at ~0.07au, and a sub-stellar companion on a ~2100-day eccentric orbit) which is particularly appealing for a precise multi-technique characterization. With the new ESPRESSO observations, that cover a time span of 200days, we aim to improve the precision and accuracy of the planet parameters and search for additional low-mass companions. We also take advantage of new photometric transits of {pi} Men c observed by TESS over a time span that overlaps with that of the ESPRESSO follow-up campaign. We analyse the enlarged spectroscopic and photometric datasets and compare the results to those in the literature. We further characterize the system by means of absolute astrometry with Hipparcos and Gaia. We used the high-resolution spectra of ESPRESSO for an independent determination of the stellar fundamental parameters. We present a precise characterization of the planetary system around {pi} Men. The ESPRESSO radial velocities alone (37 nightly binned data with typical uncertainty of 10cm/s) allow for a precise retrieval of the Doppler signal induced by {pi} Men c. The residuals show an RMS of 1.2m/s, which is half that of the HARPS data and, based on them, we put limits on the presence of additional low-mass planets (e.g. we can exclude companions with a minimum mass less than ~2M_{earth}_ within the orbit of {pi} Men c). We improve the ephemeris of {pi} Men c using 18 additional TESS transits, and in combination with the astrometric measurements, we determine the inclination of the orbital plane of {pi} Men b with high precision (i_b_=45.8^+1.4^_-1.1_deg). This leads to the precise measurement of its absolute mass m_b_=14.1^+0.5^_-0.4_Mjup, indicating that {pi} Men b can be classified as a brown dwarf. {pi} Men represents a nice example of the extreme precision radial velocities that can be obtained with ESPRESSO for bright targets. Our determination of the 3-D architecture of the {pi} Men planetary system, and the high relative misalignment of the planetary orbital planes, put constraints and challenges to the theories of formation and dynamical evolution of planetary systems. The accurate measurement of the mass of {pi} Men b contributes to make the brown dwarf desert a bit greener.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/619/L10
- Title:
- pi Men radial velocity curves
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/619/L10
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We report on the confirmation and mass determination of {pi} Men c, the first transiting planet discovered by NASA's TESS space mission. {pi} Men is a naked-eye (V=5.65mag), quiet G0 V star that was previously known to host a sub-stellar companion ({pi} Men b) on a longperiod (Porb=2091-days), eccentric (e=0.64) orbit. Using TESS time-series photometry, combined with Gaia data, published UCLES at AAT Doppler measurements, and archival HARPS at ESO-3.6m radial velocities, we found that {pi} Men c is a close-in planet with an orbital period of Porb=6.27-days, a mass of Mc=4.52+/-0.81M_{Earth}_, and a radius of Rc=2.06+/-0.03R_{Earth}_. Based on the planet's orbital period and size, {pi} Men c is a super-Earth located at, or close to, the radius gap, while its mass and bulk density suggest it may have held on to a significant atmosphere. Because of the brightness of the host star, this system is highly suitable for a wide range of further studies to characterize the planetary atmosphere and dynamical properties. We also performed an asteroseismic analysis of the TESS data and detected a hint of power excess consistent with the seismic values expected for this star, although this result depends on the photometric aperture used to extract the light curve. This marginal detection is expected from pre-launch simulations hinting at the asteroseismic potential of the TESS mission for longer, multi-sector observations and/or for more evolved bright stars.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/395/907
- Title:
- PISCO speckle observations in 2007
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/395/907
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present relative astrometric measurements of visual binaries made during the first semester of 2007, with the Pupil Interferometry Speckle camera and COronagraph (PISCO) at the 102-cm Zeiss telescope of Brera Astronomical Observatory, in Merate. Our sample contains orbital couples as well as binaries whose motion is still uncertain. We obtained 226 new measurements of 214 objects, with angular separations in the range 0.15-4.5arcsec, and an average accuracy of 0.013arcsec. The mean error on the position angles is. Most of the position angles could be determined without the usual 180{deg} ambiguity with the application of triple-correlation techniques and/or by inspection of the long integration files. We also present the new orbits we have computed for ADS 7871, 7982 and 8128, for which our measurements lead to large residuals and/or for which the revision is justified by the significant number of observations made since the publication of the previous orbit.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/367/1170
- Title:
- PISCO speckle observations in 2004
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/367/1170
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present relative astrometric measurements of visual binaries taken during the second semester of 2004 with the Pupil Interferometry Speckle camera and Coronagraph (PISCO) at the 1-m Zeiss telescope of the Brera Astronomical Observatory, in Merate, Italy. We performed 207 new observations of 194 objects with angular separations in the range 0.1-4.0" and an accuracy better than ~0.01". Our sample contains orbital couples as well as binaries whose motion is still uncertain. Our purpose is to improve the accuracy of the orbits and constrain the masses of the components.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AN/330/55
- Title:
- PISCO speckle observations in 2006
- Short Name:
- J/AN/330/55
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present relative astrometric measurements of visual binaries made during the second semester of 2006, with the speckle camera PISCO at the 102cm Zeiss telescope of Brera Astronomical Observatory, in Merate. Our sample contains orbital couples as well as binaries whose motion is still uncertain. We obtained 175 new measurements of 169 objects, with angular separations in the range 0.1"-4.2", and an average accuracy of 0.01". The mean error on the position angles is 0.6{deg}. Most of the position angles could be determined without the usual 180{deg} ambiguity with the application of triple-correlation techniques and/or by inspection of the long integration files.We also present the new orbits we have computed for ADS 11479, 11584 and 16538, for which our measurements lead to large residuals and/or for which the revision was justified by the significant number of observations made since the last orbit computation.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/156/22
- Title:
- Planetary candidates from K2 Campaign 16
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/156/22
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Given that Campaign 16 of the K2 mission is one of just two K2 campaigns observed so far in "forward-facing" mode, which enables immediate follow-up observations from the ground, we present a catalog of interesting targets identified through photometry alone. Our catalog includes 30 high-quality planet candidates (showing no signs of being non-planetary in nature), 48 more ambiguous events that may be either planets or false positives, 164 eclipsing binaries, and 231 other regularly periodic variable sources. We have released light curves for all targets in C16 and have also released system parameters and transit vetting plots for all interesting candidates identified in this paper. Of particular interest is a candidate planet orbiting the bright F dwarf HD 73344 (V=6.9, K=5.6) with an orbital period of 15 days. If confirmed, this object would correspond to a 2.56+/-0.18 R_{Earth}_ planet and would likely be a favorable target for radial velocity characterization. This paper is intended as a rapid release of planet candidates, eclipsing binaries, and other interesting periodic variables to maximize the scientific yield of this campaign, and as a test run for the upcoming TESS mission, whose frequent data releases call for similarly rapid candidate identification and efficient follow up.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/222/14
- Title:
- Planetary candidates from 1st yr K2 mission
- Short Name:
- J/ApJS/222/14
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The Kepler Space Telescope is currently searching for planets transiting stars along the ecliptic plane as part of its extended K2 mission. We processed the publicly released data from the first year of K2 observations (Campaigns 0, 1, 2, and 3) and searched for periodic eclipse signals consistent with planetary transits. Out of the 59174 targets that we searched, we detect 234 planetary candidates around 208 stars. These candidates range in size from gas giants to smaller than the Earth, and range in orbital periods from hours to over a month. We conducted initial reconnaissance spectroscopy of 68 of the brighter candidate host stars, and present high-resolution optical spectra for these stars. We make all of our data products, including light curves, spectra, and vetting diagnostics available to users online.
