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- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/622/A110
- Title:
- Spectroscopic membership for NGC 3532
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/622/A110
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- NGC 3532 is an extremely rich open cluster embedded in the Galactic disc, hitherto lacking a comprehensive, documented membership list. We provide membership probabilities from new radial velocity observations of solar-type and low-mass stars in NGC 3532, in part as a prelude to a subsequent study of stellar rotation in the cluster. Using extant optical and infra-red photometry we constructed a preliminary photometric membership catalogue, consisting of 2230 dwarf and turn-off stars. We selected 1060 of these for observation with the AAOmega spectrograph at the 3.9m Anglo-Australian Telescope and 391 stars for observations with the Hydra-South spectrograph at the 4m Victor Blanco Telescope, obtaining spectroscopic observations over a decade for 145 stars. We measured radial velocities for our targets through cross-correlation with model spectra and standard stars, and supplemented them with radial velocities for 433 additional stars from the literature. We also measured logg, Teff, and [Fe/H] from the AAOmega spectra. The radial velocity distribution emerging from the observations is centred at 5.43+/-0.04km/s and has a width (standard deviation) of 1.46km/s. Together with proper motions from Gaia DR2 we find 660 exclusive members, of which five are likely binary members. The members are distributed across the whole cluster sequence, from giant stars to M dwarfs, making NGC~3532 one of the richest Galactic open clusters known to date, on par with the Pleiades. From further spectroscopic analysis of 153 dwarf members we find the metallicity to be marginally sub-solar, with [Fe/H]=-0.07+/-0.10. We confirm the extremely low reddening of the cluster, E_B-V_=0.034+/-0.012mag, despite its location near the Galactic plane. Exploiting trigonometric parallax measurements from Gaia DR2 we find a distance of 484^+35^_-30_pc [(m-M)_0_=8.42+/-0.14mag]. Based on the membership we provide an empirical cluster sequence in multiple photometric passbands. A comparison of the photometry of the measured cluster members with several recent model isochrones enables us to confirm the 300Myr cluster age. However, all of the models evince departures from the cluster sequence in particular regions, especially in the lower mass range.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/834/176
- Title:
- Spectroscopic survey of M37 candidate members
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/834/176
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present the results of a spectroscopic survey to characterize chromospheric activity, as measured by H{alpha} emission, in low-mass members of the 500Myr old open cluster M37. Combining our new measurements of H{alpha} luminosities (L_H{alpha}_) with previously cataloged stellar properties, we identify saturated and unsaturated regimes in the dependence of the L_H{alpha}_-to-bolometric luminosity ratio, L_H{alpha}_/L_bol_, on the Rossby number R_o_. All rotators with R_o_ smaller than 0.03+/-0.01 converge to an activity level of L_H{alpha}_/L_bol_=(1.27+/-0.02)x10^-4^. This saturation threshold (R_o,sat_=0.03+/-0.01) is statistically smaller than that found in most studies of the rotation-activity relation. In the unsaturated regime, slower rotators have lower levels of chromospheric activity, with L_H{alpha}_/L_bol_(R_o_) following a power-law of index {beta}=-0.51+/-0.02, slightly shallower than that found for a combined ~650Myr old sample of Hyades and Praesepe stars. By comparing this unsaturated behavior to that previously found for coronal activity in M37 (as measured via the X-ray luminosity, L_X_), we confirm that chromospheric activity decays at a much slower rate than coronal activity with increasing R_o_. While a comparison of L_H{alpha}_ and L_X_ for M37 members with measurements of both reveals a nearly 1:1 relation, removing the mass-dependencies by comparing instead L_H{alpha}_/L_bol_ and L_X_/L_bol_ does not provide clear evidence for such a relation. Finally, we find that R_o,sat_ is smaller for our chromospheric than for our coronal indicator of activity (R_o,sat_=0.03+/-0.01 versus 0.09+/-0.01). We interpret this as possible evidence for coronal stripping.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/150/108
- Title:
- Spectroscopy and HST imaging in ONC
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/150/108
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Recent Hubble Space Telescope images have allowed the determination with unprecedented accuracy of motions and changes of shocks within the inner Orion Nebula. These originate from collimated outflows from very young stars, some within the ionized portion of the nebula and others within the host molecular cloud. We have doubled the number of Herbig-Haro objects known within the inner Orion Nebula. We find that the best-known Herbig-Haro shocks originate from relatively few stars, with the optically visible X-ray source COUP 666 driving many of them. While some isolated shocks are driven by single collimated outflows, many groups of shocks are the result of a single stellar source having jets oriented in multiple directions at similar times. This explains the feature that shocks aligned in opposite directions in the plane of the sky are usually blueshifted because the redshifted outflows pass into the optically thick photon-dominated region behind the nebula. There are two regions from which optical outflows originate for which there are no candidate sources in the SIMBAD database.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/145/125
- Title:
- Spectroscopy and HST photometry in Westerlund 2
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/145/125
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present a spectroscopic and photometric determination of the distance to the young Galactic open cluster Westerlund 2 using WFPC2 imaging from the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) and ground-based optical spectroscopy. HST imaging in the F336W, F439W, F555W, and F814W filters resolved many sources previously undetected in ground-based observations and yielded photometry for 1136 stars. We identified 15 new O-type stars, along with two probable binary systems, including MSP188 (O3+O5.5). We fit reddened spectral energy distributions based on the Padova isochrones to the photometric data to determine individual reddening parameters R_V_ and A_V_for O-type stars in Wd2. We find average values <R_V_>=3.77+/-0.09 and <A_V_>=6.51+/-0.38mag, which result in a smaller distance than most other spectroscopic and photometric studies. After a statistical distance correction accounting for close unresolved binaries (factor of 1.08), our spectroscopic and photometric data on 29 O-type stars yield that Westerlund 2 has a distance <d>=4.16+/-0.07(random)+0.26(systematic)kpc. The cluster's age remains poorly constrained, with an upper limit of 3Myr. Finally, we report evidence of a faint mid-IR polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon ring surrounding the well-known binary candidate MSP 18, which appears to lie at the center of a secondary stellar grouping within Westerlund 2.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/148/83
- Title:
- Spectroscopy in NGC 2360, NGC 3680, and NGC 5822
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/148/83
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Binary stars in open clusters are very useful targets in constraining the nucleosynthesis process. The luminosities of the stars are known because the distances of the clusters are also known, so chemical peculiarities can be linked directly to the evolutionary status of a star. In addition, binary stars offer the opportunity to verify a relationship between them and the straggler population in both globular and open clusters. We carried out a detailed spectroscopic analysis to derive the atmospheric parameters for 16 red giants in binary systems and the chemical composition of 11 of them in the open clusters NGC 2360, NGC 3680, and NGC 5822. We obtained abundances of C, N, O, Na, Mg, Al, Ca, Si, Ti, Ni, Cr, Y, Zr, La, Ce, and Nd. The atmospheric parameters of the studied stars and their chemical abundances were determined using high-resolution optical spectroscopy. We employ the local thermodynamic equilibrium model atmospheres of Kurucz and the spectral analysis code MOOG. The abundances of the light elements were derived using the spectral synthesis technique. We found that the stars NGC 2360-92 and 96, NGC 3680-34, and NGC 5822-4 and 312 are yellow straggler stars. We show that the spectra of NGC 5822-4 and 312 present evidence of contamination by an A-type star as a secondary star. For the other yellow stragglers, evidence of contamination is given by the broad wings of the H{alpha}. Detection of yellow straggler stars is important because the observed number can be compared with the number predicted by simulations of binary stellar evolution in open clusters. We also found that the other binary stars are not s-process enriched, which may suggest that in these binaries the secondary star is probably a faint main-sequence object. The lack of any s-process enrichment is very useful in setting constraints for the number of white dwarfs in the open cluster, a subject that is related to the birthrate of these kinds of stars in open clusters and also to the age of a cluster. Finally, rotational velocities were also determined and their values were compared with those already determined for field giant stars.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/129/363
- Title:
- Spectroscopy in Orion Nebula Cluster
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/129/363
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present results from high-resolution spectra of 237 stars in the Orion Nebula cluster (ONC) obtained during two engineering runs with the Hectochelle multifiber echelle spectrograph on the 6.5m MMT. The ONC is the nearest populous young (age ~1Myr) cluster and is therefore an important object for studies of the evolution of protoplanetary disks. Using the high spectral resolution of Hectochelle, we are able to distinguish stellar accretion and wind emission-line profiles from nebular emission lines and identify accreting members of the cluster from H{alpha} profiles with greater accuracy than previously possible. We find 15 new members on the basis of Li {lambda}6707 absorption and H{alpha} emission. Line profiles of H{alpha} of some objects that are not too contaminated by nebular emission show features characteristic of mass inflow and ejection. We also present rotational velocities as part of an initial investigation into angular momentum evolution of very young stars, confirming a difference between classical T Tauri stars and weak-line T Tauri stars that had been found from period analysis. Finally, we present an initial study of the radial velocity dispersion of the brighter stars in the central cluster. The very small dispersion derived, 1.8km/s, is in good agreement with estimates from proper motions.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/661/1119
- Title:
- Spectroscopy in the 25 Ori group
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/661/1119
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We report here on the photometric and kinematic properties of a well-defined group of nearly 200 low-mass pre-main-sequence stars, concentrated within ~1{deg} of the early-B star 25 Ori, in the Orion OB1a subassociation. We refer to this stellar aggregate as the 25 Orionis group. The group also harbors the Herbig Ae/Be star V346 Ori and a dozen other early-type stars with photometry, parallaxes, and some with IR excess emission, indicative of group membership.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/700/1216
- Title:
- Spectroscopy of Be stars in open clusters
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/700/1216
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We recently discovered a large number of highly active Be stars in the open cluster NGC 3766, making it an excellent location to study the formation mechanism of Be star disks. To explore whether similar disk appearances and/or disappearances are common among the Be stars in other open clusters, we present here multiple epochs of H{alpha} spectroscopy for 296 stars in eight open clusters. We identify 12 new transient Be stars and confirm 17 additional Be stars with relatively stable disks. By comparing the H{alpha} equivalent widths to the photometric y-H{alpha} colors, we present a method to estimate the strength of the H{alpha} emission when spectroscopy is not available. For a subset of 128 stars in four open clusters, we also use blue optical spectroscopy and available Stromgren photometry to measure their projected rotational velocities, effective temperatures, and polar surface gravities. We combine our Be star detections from these four clusters to investigate physical differences between the transient Be stars, stable Be stars, and normal B-type stars with no line emission. Both types of Be stars are faster rotating populations than normal B-type stars, and we find no significant physical differences between the transient and stable Be stars in our sample.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/other/BASI/39.517
- Title:
- Spectroscopy of classical Be stars
- Short Name:
- J/other/BASI/39.
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present a spectroscopic study of 150 Classical Be stars in 39 open clusters using medium resolution spectra in the wavelength range 3800-9000{AA}. One-third of the sample (48 stars in 18 clusters) has been studied for the first time. All these candidates were identified from an extensive survey of emission stars in young open clusters using slitless spectroscopy (Mathew et al., 2008MNRAS.388.1879M). This large data set covers CBe stars of various spectral types and ages found in different cluster environments in largely northern open clusters, and is used to study the spectral characteristics of CBe stars in cluster environments.