- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/325/167
- Title:
- Geneva photometry in NGC 6231
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/325/167
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present photoelectric (127 stars) and CCD (168 stars) Geneva photometry for the very young open cluster NGC 6231. We have searched for new cluster members out to a distance of ~13arcmin, extending the Seggewiss area (~8arcmin), and we found at least 64 new probable members in this extended field. Differential reddening is clearly measured across the cluster area. We determine the cluster distance (1800pc) and age (3.8+/-0.6x10^6^yr). The probable presence of pre-main sequence stars and the consequence of this population on the cluster formation history is analysed. We also found that the O8.5III star S161 is a long term variable and we present its light curve extending over more than 20 years. Finally we discuss the existence of Ap stars in the cluster. For a description of the Geneva photometric system, see e.g. <GCPD/13>
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Search Results
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/341/469
- Title:
- Geneva photometry of NGC 2451 and HR 2968
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/341/469
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The two clusters NGC 2451 A and B will be examined on the basis of Geneva multicolour photometric measurements. P and Q are the sum of the individual weights divided by 3 for the colours and the V magnitude respectively. For a description of the Geneva photometric system, see e.g. <GCPD/13>
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/618/A102
- Title:
- GES N/O abundance ratio in the Milky Way
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/618/A102
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The abundance ratio N/O is a useful tool to study the interplay of galactic processes, for example star formation efficiency, timescale of infall, and outflow loading factor. We aim to trace log(N/O) versus [Fe/H] in the Milky Way and to compare this ratio with a set of chemical evolution models to understand the role of infall, outflow, and star formation efficiency in the building up of the Galactic disc. We used the abundances from idr2-3, idr4, idr5 data releases of the Gaia-ESO Survey both for Galactic field and open cluster stars. We determined membership and average composition of open clusters and we separated thin and thick disc field stars. We considered the effect of mixing in the abundance of N in giant stars. We computed a grid of chemical evolution models, suited to reproduce the main features of our Galaxy, exploring the effects of the star formation efficiency, infall timescale, and differential outflow. With our samples, we map the metallicity range -0.6<=[Fe/H]<=0.3 with a corresponding -1.2<=log(N/O)<=-0.2, where the secondary production of N dominates. Thanks to the wide range of Galactocentric distances covered by our samples, we can distinguish the behaviour of log(N/O) in different parts of the Galaxy. Our spatially resolved results allow us to distinguish differences in the evolution of N/O with Galactocentric radius. Comparing the data with our models, we can characterise the radial regions of our Galaxy. A shorter infall timescale is needed in the inner regions, while the outer regions need a longer infall timescale, coupled with a higher star formation efficiency. We compare our results with nebular abundances obtained in MaNGA galaxies, finding in our Galaxy a much wider range of log(N/O) than in integrated observations of external galaxies of similar stellar mass, but similar to the ranges found in studies of individual HII regions.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/601/A70
- Title:
- GES: pre-main-sequence clusters [Fe/H]
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/601/A70
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The radial metallicity distribution in the Galactic thin disc represents a crucial constraint for modelling disc formation and evolution. Open clusters allow us to derive both the radial metallicity distribution and its evolution over time. In this paper we perform the first investigation of the present-day radial metallicity distribution based on [Fe/H] determinations in late type members of pre-main-sequence clusters. Because of their youth, these clusters are therefore essential for tracing the current inter-stellar medium metallicity. We used the products of the Gaia-ESO Survey analysis of 12 young regions (age<100Myr), covering Galactocentric distances from 6.67 to 8.70kpc. For the first time, we derived the metal content of star forming regions farther than 500pc from the Sun. Median metallicities were determined through samples of reliable cluster members. For ten clusters the membership analysis is discussed in the present paper, while for other two clusters (Chamaeleon I and Gamma Velorum) we adopted the members identified in our previous works. All the pre-main-sequence clusters considered in this paper have close-to-solar or slightly sub-solar metallicities. The radial metallicity distribution traced by these clusters is almost flat, with the innermost star forming regions having [Fe/H] values that are 0.10-0.15dex lower than the majority of the older clusters located at similar Galactocentric radii. This homogeneous study of the present-day radial metallicity distribution in the Galactic thin disc favours models that predict a flattening of the radial gradient over time. On the other hand, the decrease of the average [Fe/H] at young ages is not easily explained by the models. Our results reveal a complex interplay of several processes (e.g. star formation activity, initial mass function, supernova yields, gas flows) that controlled the recent evolution of the Milky Way.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/477/5191
- Title:
- Ggalactic young stellar cluster lifetimes
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/477/5191
- Date:
- 17 Jan 2022 00:27:47
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Photometric detections of dust circumstellar discs around pre-main sequence (PMS) stars, coupled with estimates of stellar ages, provide constraints on the time available for planet formation. Most previous studies on disc longevity, starting with Haisch, Lada & Lada, use star samples from PMS clusters but do not consider data sets with homogeneous photometric sensitivities and/or ages placed on a uniform time-scale. Here we conduct the largest study to date of the longevity of inner dust discs using X-ray and 1-8um infrared photometry from the MYStIX and SFiNCs projects for 69 young clusters in 32 nearby star-forming regions with ages t<=5Myr. Cluster ages are derived by combining the empirical Age_JX_ method with PMS evolutionary models, which treat dynamo-generated magnetic fields in different ways. Leveraging X-ray data to identify disc-free objects, we impose similar stellar mass sensitivity limits for disc-bearing and disc-free young stellar objects while extending the analysis to stellar masses as low as M~0.1M_{sun}_. We find that the disc longevity estimates are strongly affected by the choice of PMS evolutionary model. Assuming a disc fraction of 100 per cent at zero age, the inferred disc half-life changes significantly, from t_1/2_~1.3-2Myr to t_1/2_~3.5Myr when switching from non-magnetic to magnetic PMS models. In addition, we find no statistically significant evidence that disc fraction varies with stellar mass within the first few Myr of life for stars with masses <2M_{sun}_, but our samples may not be complete for more massive stars. The effects of initial disc fraction and star-forming environment are also explored.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/151/7
- Title:
- Globular and open clusters observed by SDSS/SEGUE
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/151/7
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present griz observations for the clusters M92, M13 and NGC 6791 and gr photometry for M71, Be 29 and NGC 7789. In addition we present new membership identifications for all these clusters, which have been observed spectroscopically as calibrators for the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS)/SEGUE survey; this paper focuses in particular on the red giant branch stars in the clusters. In a number of cases, these giants were too bright to be observed in the normal SDSS survey operations, and we describe the procedure used to obtain spectra for these stars. For M71, we also present a new variable reddening map and a new fiducial for the gr giant branch. For NGC 7789, we derived a transformation from T_eff_ to g-r for giants of near solar abundance, using IRFM T_eff_ measures of stars with good ugriz and 2MASS photometry and SEGUE spectra. The result of our analysis is a robust list of known cluster members with correctly dereddened and (if needed) transformed gr photometry for crucial calibration efforts for SDSS and SEGUE.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/865/73
- Title:
- GOBELINS. V. Kinematics of Perseus
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/865/73
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We derive the distance and structure of the Perseus molecular cloud by combining trigonometric parallaxes from Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) observations, taken as part of the GOBELINS survey and Gaia Data Release 2. Based on our VLBA astrometry, we obtain a distance of 321+/-10pc for IC 348. This is fully consistent with the mean distance of 320+/-26 measured by Gaia. The VLBA observations toward NGC 1333 are insufficient to claim a successful distance measurement to this cluster. Gaia parallaxes, on the other hand, yield a mean distance of 293+/-22pc. Hence, the distance along the line of sight between the eastern and western edges of the cloud is ~30pc, which is significantly smaller than previously inferred. We use Gaia proper motions and published radial velocities to derive the spatial velocities of a selected sample of stars. The average velocity vectors with respect to the LSR are (u,v,w)=(-6.1+/-1.6, 6.8+/-1.1, -0.9+/-1.2) and (-6.4+/-1.0, 2.1+/-1.4, -2.4+/-1.0)km/s for IC 348 and NGC 1333, respectively. Finally, our analysis of the kinematics of the stars has shown that there is no clear evidence of expansion, contraction, or rotational motions within the clusters.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/691/342
- Title:
- griBVI photometry in M37
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/691/342
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- In the course of conducting a deep (14.5<~r<~23), 20 night survey for transiting planets in the rich ~550Myr old open cluster M37, we have measured the rotation periods of 575 stars, which lie near the cluster main sequence, with masses 0.2M_{sun}_<~M<~1.3M_{sun}_. This is the largest sample of rotation periods for a cluster older than 500Myr. Using this rich sample we investigate a number of relations between rotation period, color, and the amplitude of photometric variability.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/675/1233
- Title:
- gri photometry in M37 (NGC 2099)
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/675/1233
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We have conducted a deep (15~<r~<23 ), 20 night survey for transiting planets in the intermediate-age open cluster M37 (NGC 2099) using the Megacam wide-field mosaic CCD camera on the 6.5m MMT. In this paper we describe the observations and data reduction procedures for the survey and analyze the stellar content and dynamical state of the cluster. By combining high-resolution spectroscopy with existing BVI_C_K_s and new gri color-magnitude diagrams, we determine the fundamental cluster parameters: t=485+/-28Myr, without overshooting (t=550+/-30Myr, with overshooting), E(B-V)=0.227+/-0.038, (m-M)_V_=11.57+/-0.13, and [M/H]=+0.045+/-0.044, which are in good agreement with, although more precise than, previous measurements. We determine the mass function down to 0.3M_{sun}_ and use this to estimate the total cluster mass of 3640+/-170M_{sun}_.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/857/132
- Title:
- gri photometry of NGC 796 cluster
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/857/132
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- NGC 796 is a massive young cluster located 59kpc from us in the diffuse intergalactic medium of the 1/5-1/10Z_{sun}_ Magellanic Bridge, allowing us to probe variations in star formation and stellar evolution processes as a function of metallicity in a resolved fashion, and providing a link between resolved studies of nearby solar-metallicity and unresolved distant metal-poor clusters located in high-redshift galaxies. In this paper, we present adaptive optics griH{alpha} imaging of NGC 796 (at 0.5", which is ~0.14pc at the cluster distance) along with optical spectroscopy of two bright members to quantify the cluster properties. Our aim is to explore whether star formation and stellar evolution vary as a function of metallicity by comparing the properties of NGC 796 to higher-metallicity clusters. We find an age of 20_-5_^+12^Myr from isochronal fitting of the cluster main sequence in the color-magnitude diagram. Based on the cluster luminosity function, we derive a top-heavy stellar initial mass function (IMF) with a slope {alpha}=1.99+/-0.2, hinting at a metallicity and/or environmental dependence of the IMF, which may lead to a top-heavy IMF in the early universe. Study of the H{alpha} emission-line stars reveals that classical Be stars constitute a higher fraction of the total B-type stars when compared with similar clusters at greater metallicity, providing some support to the chemically homogeneous theory of stellar evolution. Overall, NGC 796 has a total estimated mass of 990+/-200M_{sun}_, and a core radius of 1.4+/-0.3pc, which classifies it as a massive young open cluster, unique in the diffuse interstellar medium of the Magellanic Bridge.