- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/400/533
- Title:
- New infrared star clusters in southern Milky Way
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/400/533
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We carried out a 2MASS J, H and Ks survey of infrared star clusters in the Milky Way sector 230{deg}<l<350{deg}. This zone was the least studied in the literature, previously including only 12 infrared clusters or stellar groups with |b|<10{deg}, according to the recent catalogue by Bica et al. (2003, Cat. <J/A+A/397/177>). We concentrated efforts on embedded clusters, which are those expected in the areas of known radio and optical nebulae. The present study provides 179 new infrared clusters and stellar groups, which are interesting targets for detailed future infrared studies. The sample of catalogued infrared clusters and stellar groups in the Galaxy is now increased by 63%.
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Search Results
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/245/32
- Title:
- Newly identified star clusters in Gaia DR2
- Short Name:
- J/ApJS/245/32
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present the Star cluster Hunting Pipeline (SHiP) that can identify star clusters in Gaia second data release (DR2) data and establish a star cluster catalog for the Galactic disk. A friend-of-friend-based cluster finder method is used to identify star clusters using five-dimensional stellar parameters, l,b,{omega},{mu}_{alpha}_cos{delta}, and {mu}_{delta}_. Our new catalog contains 2443 star cluster candidates identified from disk stars located within |b|=25{deg} and with G<18mag. An automatic isochrone fitting scheme is applied to all cluster candidates. With a combination of parameters obtained from isochrone fitting, we classify cluster candidates into three classes (Class 1, 2, and 3). Class 1 clusters are the most probable star cluster candidates with the most stringent criteria. Most of these clusters are nearby (within 4kpc). Our catalog is crossmatched with three Galactic star cluster catalogs, Kharchenko+ (2013, J/A+A/558/A53), Cantat-Gaudin+ (2018, J/A+A/618/A93 and 2019, J/A+A/624/A126), and Bica+ (2019, J/AJ/157/12). The proper motion and parallax of matched star clusters are in good agreement with these earlier catalogs. We discover 76 new star cluster candidates that are not listed in these three catalogs. The majority of these are clusters older than log(age/yr)=8.0 and are located in the inner disk with |b|<5{deg}. The recent discovery of new star clusters suggests that current Galactic star cluster catalogs are still incomplete. Among the Class 1 cluster candidates, we find 56 candidates for star cluster groups.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/502/6080
- Title:
- New members of Cygnus OB2 from Gaia DR2
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/502/6080
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Due to the high quality of Gaia DR2 stellar parallaxes and proper motions, we can study the Cygnus OB2 region up to G=17.5mag in circular region centred at (l,b)=(79.8{deg},+0.8{deg}) of radius 1{deg}. We detect four over-densities in the Vector Point Diagram. We apply a parametric model of the proper motion distribution and determine their mean proper motions, identify their members and estimate their distances by analyzing the parallaxes of the most probable members. We confirm that one of these regions is Cygnus OB2, whose mean proper motion is (pmRA*cosDE,pmDE)=(-2.71+/-0.02,-4.24+/-0.02)mas/yr. We identify 2767 astrometric members at an estimated distance of 1683 {+/-} 5 pc. A detailed comparison of these members with 333 photometric and spectroscopic Cygnus OB2 members shows that 33 stars of the last group are not members, 16 of them are O-B stars. 300 members in common lead to estimate a distance to the association of 1669+/-6pc. One of the remaining over-densities is the open cluster UCB585 for which we find eight more members, located at ~1460pc. The other two groups count 179 and 188 proper motion members which are distributed throughout the region and situated at a distance of ~1280 pc. The estimated distances of these four groups suggest the existence of different substructures in the Cygnus OB2 region along the line of sight.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/450/3855
- Title:
- New OB star candidates in Carina Arm
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/450/3855
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- O and early B stars are at the apex of galactic ecology, but in the Milky Way, only a minority of them may yet have been identified. We present the results of a pilot study to select and parametrize OB star candidates in the Southern Galactic plane, down to a limiting magnitude of g=20. A 2 deg^2^ field capturing the Carina Arm around the young massive star cluster, Westerlund 2, is examined. The confirmed OB stars in this cluster are used to validate our identification method, based on selection from the (u-g, g-r) diagram for the region. Our Markov Chain Monte Carlo fitting method combines VPHAS+ u, g, r, i with published J, H, K photometry in order to derive posterior probability distributions of the stellar parameters log(Teff) and distance modulus, together with the reddening parameters A_0_ and R_V_. The stellar parameters are sufficient to confirm OB status while the reddening parameters are determined to a precision of {sigma}(A_0_)~0.09 and {sigma}(R_V_)~0.08. There are 489 objects that fit well as new OB candidates, earlier than ~ B2. This total includes 74 probable massive O stars, 5 likely blue supergiants and 32 reddened subdwarfs. This increases the number of previously known and candidate OB stars in the region by nearly a factor of 10. Most of the new objects are likely to be at distances between 3 and 6 kpc. We have confirmed the results of previous studies that, at these longer distances, these sight lines require non-standard reddening laws with 3.5<R_V_<4.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/other/RAA/21.93
- Title:
- 74 new open clusters found in Gaia DR2
- Short Name:
- J/other/RAA/21.9
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Based on astrometric data from Gaia Data-Release 2 (DR2), we employ an un- supervised machine learning method to blindly search for open star clusters in the Milky Way within the Galactic latitude range of |b|<20degree. In addition to 2080known clusters, 74 new open cluster candidates are found. In this work, we present the positions, apparent radii, parallaxes, proper motions and member stars of these candidates. Meanwhile, to obtain the physical parameters of each candidate cluster, stellar isochrones are fit to the photometric data. The results show that the apparent radii and the observed proper motion dispersions of these new candidates are consistent with those of open clusters previously identified in Gaia DR2.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/627/A35
- Title:
- New open clusters in Galactic anti-centre
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/627/A35
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The Gaia Data Release 2 (DR2) provided an unprecedented volume of precise astrometric and excellent photometric data. In terms of data mining the Gaia catalogue, machine learning methods have shown to be a powerful tool, for instance in the search for unknown stellar structures. Particularly, supervised and unsupervised learning methods combined together significantly improves the detection rate of open clusters. We systematically scan Gaia DR2 in a region covering the Galactic anticentre and the Perseus arm (120{deg}<=l<=205{deg} and -10{deg}<=b<=10{deg}), with the goal of finding any open clusters that may exist in this region, and fine tuning a previously proposed methodology and successfully applied to TGAS data, adapting it to different density regions. Our methodology uses an unsupervised, density-based, clustering algorithm, DBSCAN, that identifies overdensities in the five-dimensional astrometric parameter space (l, b, {varpi}, pmRA*, pmDE) that may correspond to physical clusters. The overdensities are separated into physical clusters (open clusters) or random statistical clusters using an artificial neural network to recognise the isochrone pattern that open clusters show in a colour magnitude diagram. The method is able to recover more than 75% of the open clusters confirmed in the search area. Moreover, we detected 53 open clusters unknown previous to Gaia DR2, which represents an increase of more than 22% with respect to the already catalogued clusters in this region. We find that the census of nearby open clusters is not complete. Different machine learning methodologies for a blind search of open clusters are complementary to each other; no single method is able to detect 100% of the existing groups. Our methodology has shown to be a reliable tool for the automatic detection of open clusters, designed to be applied to the full Gaia DR2 catalogue.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/624/A126
- Title:
- New open clusters in Perseus direction
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/624/A126
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Open clusters (OCs) are popular tracers of the structure and evolutionary history of the Galactic disk. The OC population is often considered to be complete within 1.8kpc of the Sun. The recent Gaia Data Release 2 (DR2) allows the latter claim to be challenged. We perform a systematic search for new OCs in the direction of Perseus using precise and accurate astrometry from Gaia DR2. We implement a coarse-to-fine search method. First, we exploit spatial proximity using a fast density-aware partitioning of the sky via a k-d tree in the spatial domain of Galactic coordinates, (l, b). Secondly, we employ a Gaussian mixture model in the proper motion space to quickly tag fields around OC candidates. Thirdly, we apply an unsupervised membership assignment method, UPMASK, to scrutinise the candidates. We visually inspect colour-magnitude diagrams to validate the detected objects. Finally, we perform a diagnostic to quantify the significance of each identified overdensity in proper motion and in parallax space We report the discovery of 41 new stellar clusters. This represents an increment of at least 20% of the previously known OC population in this volume of the Milky Way. We also report on the clear identification of NGC 886, an object previously considered an asterism. This letter challenges the previous claim of a near-complete sample of open clusters up to 1.8 kpc. Our results reveal that this claim requires revision, and a complete census of nearby open clusters is yet to be found.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/635/A45
- Title:
- 570 new open clusters in the Galactic disc
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/635/A45
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Open clusters are key targets for studies of Galaxy structure and evolution, and stellar physics. Since the Gaia data release 2 (DR2), the discovery of undetected clusters has shown that previous surveys were incomplete. Our aim is to exploit the Big Data capabilities of machine learning to detect new open clusters in Gaia DR2, and to complete the open cluster sample to enable further studies of the Galactic disc. We use a machine-learning based methodology to systematically search the Galactic disc for overdensities in the astrometric space and identify the open clusters using photometric information. First, we used an unsupervised clustering algorithm, DBSCAN, to blindly search for these overdensities in Gaia DR2 (l, b, varpi, mu_alpha_*, mu_delta_), then we used a deep learning artificial neural network trained on colour-magnitude diagrams to identify isochrone patterns in these overdensities, and to confirm them as open clusters. We find 570 new open clusters distributed along the Galactic disc in the region |b|<20{deg}. We detect substructure in complex regions, and identify the tidal tails of a disrupting cluster UBC 274 of ~3Gyr located at ~2kpc. Adapting the mentioned methodology to a Big Data environment allows us to target the search using the physical properties of open clusters instead of being driven by computational limitations. This blind search for open clusters in the Galactic disc increases the number of known open clusters by 45%.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/448/2737
- Title:
- New PMS K/M Stars in Upper Scorpius
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/448/2737
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present 237 new spectroscopically confirmed pre-main-sequence K- and M-type stars in the young Upper Scorpius subgroup of the Sco-Cen association, the nearest region of recent massive star formation. Using the Wide-Field Spectrograph at the Australian National University 2.3 m telescope at Siding Spring, we observed 397 kinematically and photometrically selected candidate members of Upper Scorpius, and identified new members by the presence of lithium absorption. The HR-diagram of the new members shows a spread of ages, ranging from ~3 to 20Myr, which broadly agrees with the current age estimates of ~5-10Myr. We find a significant range of Li 6708 equivalent widths among the members, and a minor dependence of HR-diagram position on the measured equivalent width of the Li 6708{AA} line, with members that appear younger having more lithium. This could indicate the presence of either populations of different age, or a spread of ages in Upper Scorpius. We also use Wide-Field Infrared Survey Explorer data to infer circumstellar disc presence in 25 of the members on the basis of infrared excesses, including two candidate transition discs. We find that 11.2+/-3.4% the M0-M2 spectral type (0.4-0.8M_{sun}_) Upper Sco stars display an excess that indicates the presence of a gaseous disc.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/635/560
- Title:
- New star clusters discovered in the GLIMPSE survey
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/635/560
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- A systematic and automated search of the extensive GLIMPSE (Galactic Legacy Infrared Mid-Plane Survey Extraordinaire) mid-infrared survey data of the inner Galaxy was carried out to uncover new star clusters. This search has yielded 59 new clusters. Using our automated search algorithm, these clusters were identified as significant localized overdensities in the GLIMPSE point-source catalog (GLMC) and archive (GLMA). Subsequent visual inspection of the GLIMPSE image mosaics confirmed the existence of these clusters plus an additional 33 heavily embedded clusters missed by our detection algorithm, for a total of 92 newly discovered clusters.