- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/866/137
- Title:
- Bright blazars variability brightness temp.
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/866/137
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Relativistic effects dominate the emission of blazar jets complicating our understanding of their intrinsic properties. Although many methods have been proposed to account for them, the variability Doppler factor method has been shown to describe the blazar populations best. We use a Bayesian hierarchical code called Magnetron to model the light curves of 973 sources observed by the Owens Valley Radio Observatory's 40-m telescope as a series of flares with an exponential rise and decay, and estimate their variability brightness temperature. Our analysis allows us to place the most stringent constraints on the equipartition brightness temperature i.e., the maximum achieved intrinsic brightness temperature in beamed sources which we found to be <T_{eq}>=2.78x10^11^K+/-26%. Using our findings we estimated the variability Doppler factor for the largest sample of blazars increasing the number of available estimates in the literature by almost an order of magnitude. Our results clearly show that {gamma}-ray loud sources have faster and higher amplitude flares than {gamma}-ray quiet sources. As a consequence they show higher variability brightness temperatures and thus are more relativistically beamed, with all of the above suggesting a strong connection between the radio flaring properties of the jet and {gamma}-ray emission.
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- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/557/A1
- Title:
- Bright B-type variables in Scorpius
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/557/A1
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The first two of a total of six nano-satellites that will constitute the BRITE-Constellation space photometry mission have recently been launched successfully. In preparation for this project, we carried out time-resolved colour photometry in a field that is an excellent candidate for BRITE measurements from space. We acquired 117h of Stromgren uvy data during 19 nights. Our targets comprised the {beta} Cephei stars {kappa} and {lambda} Sco, the eclipsing binary {mu}^1^ Sco, and the variable super/hypergiant {zeta}^1^ Sco. For {kappa} Sco, a photometric mode identification in combination with results from the spectroscopic literature suggests a dominant (l,m)=(1,-1) {beta} Cephei-type pulsation mode of the primary star. The longer period of the star may be a rotational variation or a g-mode pulsation. For {lambda} Sco, we recover the known dominant {beta} Cephei pulsation, a longer-period variation, and observed part of an eclipse. Lack of ultraviolet data precludes mode identification for this star. We noticed that the spectroscopic orbital ephemeris of the closer pair in this triple system is inconsistent with eclipse timings and propose a refined value for the orbital period of the closer pair of 5.95189+/-0.00003d. We also argue that the components of the {lambda} Sco system are some 30% more massive than previously thought. The binary light curve solution of {mu}^1^ Sco requires inclusion of the irradiation effect to explain the u light curve, and the system could show additional low amplitude variations on top of the orbital light changes. {zeta}^1^ Sco shows long-term variability on a time scale of at least two weeks that we prefer to interpret in terms of a variable wind or strange mode pulsations.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/631/A69
- Title:
- Bright C_2_H emission in Lupus disks
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/631/A69
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Recent ALMA surveys in different star-forming regions have shown that CO emission in protoplanetary disks is much fainter than expected. Accordingly, CO-based gas masses and gas/dust ratios are orders of magnitude lower than previously thought. This may be explained either as fast gas dispersal, or as chemical evolution and locking up of volatiles in larger bodies leading to the low observed CO fluxes. The latter processes lead to enhanced C/O ratios in the gas, which may be reflected in enhanced abundances of carbon-bearing molecules like C_2_H. The goal of this work is to employ C_2_H observations to understand whether low CO fluxes are caused by volatile depletion, or by fast gas dissipation. We present ALMA Cycle 4 C_2_H (N=3-2, J=7/2-5/2, F=4-3 and F=3-2) observations of a subsample of nine sources in the Lupus star-forming region. The integrated C_2_H emission is determined and compared to previous CO isotopologue observations and physical-chemical model predictions. Seven out of nine disks are detected in C_2_H, whose line emission is almost as bright as ^{13}CO. All detections are significantly brighter than the typical sensitivity of the observations, hinting at a bimodal distribution of the C_2_H line intensities. This conclusion is strengthened when our observations are compared with additional C_2_H observations of other disks. When compared with physical-chemical models run with DALI, the observed C_2_H fluxes can be reproduced only if some level of volatile carbon and oxygen depletion is allowed and [C]/[O]>1 in the gas. Models with reduced gas/dust ratios near unity fail instead to reproduce the observed C_2_H line luminosity. A steeper than linear correlation between C_2_H and CN emission line is found for the Lupus disks. This is linked to the fact that C_2_H emission lines are affected more strongly by [C]/[O] variations than CN lines. Ring-like structures are detected both in C_2_H and in continuum emission but, as for CN, they do not seem to be connected. Sz 71 shows ring shaped emission in both C_2_H and CN with the location of the peak intensity coinciding, within our 30 au resolution. Our new ALMA C_2_H observations favour volatile carbon and oxygen depletion rather than fast gas dispersal to explain the faint CO observations for most of the disks. This result has implications for disk-evolution and planet-formation theories, as disk gas masses may be larger than expected if CO is considered to be the main carbon carrier in the gas phase.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/853/47
- Title:
- Brightest cluster galaxies bright in 22um (W4BCGs)
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/853/47
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Brightest cluster galaxies (BCGs) are believed to have assembled most of their stars early in time and therefore should be passively evolving at low redshifts and appear "red-and-dead." However, there have been reports that a minority of low-redshift BCGs still have ongoing star formation rates (SFRs) of a few to even ~100M_{sun}_/yr. Such BCGs are found in "cool-core" ("CC") clusters, and their star formation is thought to be fueled by "cooling flow." To further investigate the implications of low-redshift, star-forming BCGs, we perform a systematic search using the 22{mu}m data ("W4" band) from the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) on the GMBCG catalog, which contains 55424 BCGs at 0.1<~z<~0.55 identified in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). Our sample consists of 389 BCGs that are bright in W4 ("W4BCGs"), most being brighter than 5mJy. While some (<~20%) might host active galactic nuclei, most W4BCGs should owe their strong mid-IR emissions to dust-enshrouded star formation. Their median total IR luminosity (L_IR_) is 5x10^11^L_{sun}_ (SFR~50M_{sun}_/yr), and 27% of the whole sample has L_IR_>10^12^L_{sun}_ (SFR>100M_{sun}_/yr). Using 10 W4BCGs that have Chandra X-ray data, we show that 7 of them are possibly in CC clusters. However, in most cases (five out of seven) the mass deposition rate cannot account for the observed SFR. This casts doubt on the idea that cooling flows are the cause of the star formation in non-quiescent BCGs.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/797/82
- Title:
- Brightest cluster galaxies in Abell clusters
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/797/82
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We have obtained photometry and spectroscopy of 433 z<=0.08 brightest cluster galaxies (BCGs) in a full-sky survey of Abell clusters to construct a BCG sample suitable for probing deviations from the local Hubble flow. This sample allows us to explore the structural and photometric properties of BCGs at the present epoch, their location in their hosting galaxy clusters, and the effects of the cluster environment on their structure and evolution. We revisit the L_m_-{alpha} relation for BCGs, which uses {alpha}, the log-slope of the BCG photometric curve of growth, to predict the metric luminosity in an aperture with 14.3kpc radius, L_m_, for use as a distance indicator. We measure central stellar velocity dispersions, {sigma}, of the BCGs.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/460/3669
- Title:
- Brightest cluster galaxies Radio luminosity
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/460/3669
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- By cross-matching the currently largest optical catalogue of galaxy clusters and the NVSS radio survey data base, we obtain a large complete sample of brightest cluster galaxies (BCGs) in the redshift range of 0.05<z<=0.45, which have radio emission and redshift information. We confirm that more powerful radio BCGs tend to be these optically very bright galaxies located in more relaxed clusters. We derived the radio luminosity functions of the largest sample of radio BCGs, and find that the functions depend on the optical luminosity of BCGs and the dynamic state of galaxy clusters. However, the radio luminosity function does not show significant evolution with redshift.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/440/28
- Title:
- Brightest Cluster Galaxies velocities
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/440/28
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We investigate the use of Brightest Cluster Galaxies (BCGs) as standard candles for measuring galaxy peculiar velocities on large scales. We have obtained precise large-format CCD surface photometry and redshifts for an all-sky, volume-limited (z<=0.05) sample of 119 BCG. We reinvestigate the Hoessel (1980ApJ...241..493H) relationship between the metric luminosity, L_m_, within the central 10h^-1^kpc of the BCGs and the logarithmic slope of the surface brightness profile, {alpha}. The L_m_-{alpha} relationship reduces the cosmic scatter in L_m_ from 0.327mag to 0.244mag, yielding a typical distance accuracy of 17% per BCG. Residuals about the L_m_-{alpha} relationship are independent of BCG luminosity, BCG B-R_c_ color, BCG location within the host cluster, and richness of the host cluster. The metric luminosity is independent of cluster richness even before correcting for its dependence on {alpha}, which provides further evidence for the unique nature of the BCG luminosity function. Indeed, the BCG luminosity function, both before and after application of the {alpha}-correction, is consistent with a single Gaussian distribution. Half the BCGs in the sample show some evidence of small color gradients as a function of radius within their central 50h^-1^kpc regions but with almost equal numbers becoming redder as becoming bluer. However, with the central 10h^-1^kpc the colors are remarkably constant, the mean B-R_c_ color is 1.51 with a dispersion of only 0.06mag. The narrow photometric and color distributions of the BCGs, the lack of "second-parameter" effects, as well as the unique rich cluster environment of BCGs, argue that BCGs are the most homogeneous distance indicators presently available for large-scale structure research.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/440/405
- Title:
- Brightest galaxies in Local Volume
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/440/405
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Distances and near-infrared luminosities of the brightest galaxies in the Local Volume have been re-evaluated in order to gain a fully homogeneous collection of data for elucidating the framework of the Local Sheet and its relevance to Local Group evolution. It is demonstrated that the Local Sheet is both geometrically and dynamically distinct from the Local Supercluster and that the evolution of the Sheet and Local Group were probably interconnected. The Sheet is inclined by 8{deg} with respect to the Local Supercluster, and the dispersion of giant members about the mid-plane is only 230kpc. A 'Council of Giants' with a radius of 3.75Mpc encompasses the Local Group, demarcating a clear upper limit to the realm of influence of the Local Group. The only two giant elliptical galaxies in the Sheet sit on opposite sides of the Council, raising the possibility that they have somehow shepherded the evolution of the Local Group. The position vector of the Andromeda galaxy with respect to the Milky Way deviates only 11{deg} from the Sheet plane and only 11{deg} from the projected axis of the ellipticals. The Local Group appears to be moving away from a ridge in the potential surface of the Council on a path parallel to the elliptical axis. Spin directions of the giants in the Council are distributed over the sky in a pattern which is very different from that of giants beyond, possibly in reaction to the central mass asymmetry that developed into the Local Group. By matching matter densities of Group and Council giants, the edge of the volume of space most likely to have contributed to the development of the Local Group is shown to be very close to where gravitational forces from the Local Group and the Council balance. The boundary specification reveals that the Local Sheet formed out of a density perturbation of very low amplitude (~10%), but that normal matter was incorporated into galaxies with relatively high efficiency (~40%). It appears that the development of the giants of the Local Sheet was guided by a pre-existing flattened framework of matter.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/889/189
- Title:
- Brightest high-z galaxies in RELICS clusters
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/889/189
- Date:
- 17 Jan 2022 00:21:16
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Massive foreground galaxy clusters magnify and distort the light of objects behind them, permitting a view into both the extremely distant and intrinsically faint galaxy populations. We present here the z~6-8 candidate high-redshift galaxies from the Reionization Lensing Cluster Survey (RELICS), a Hubble and Spitzer Space Telescope survey of 41 massive galaxy clusters spanning an area of ~200arcmin^2^. These clusters were selected to be excellent lenses, and we find similar high-redshift sample sizes and magnitude distributions as the Cluster Lensing And Supernova survey with Hubble (CLASH). We discover 257, 57, and eight candidate galaxies at z~6, 7, and 8 respectively, (322 in total). The observed (lensed) magnitudes of the z~6 candidates are as bright as AB mag ~23, making them among the brightest known at these redshifts, comparable with discoveries from much wider, blank-field surveys. RELICS demonstrates the efficiency of using strong gravitational lenses to produce high-redshift samples in the epoch of reionization. These brightly observed galaxies are excellent targets for follow-up study with current and future observatories, including the James Webb Space Telescope.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/124/1954
- Title:
- 1000 brightest HIPASS galaxies catalog
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/124/1954
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The HI Parkes All-Sky Survey (HIPASS) is a blind 21cm survey for extragalactic neutral hydrogen, covering the whole southern sky. The HIPASS Bright Galaxy Catalog (BGC) is a subset of HIPASS and contains the 1000 HI brightest (peak flux density) galaxies. Here we present the 138 HIPASS BGC galaxies that had no redshift measured prior to the Parkes multibeam HI surveys. Of the 138 galaxies, 87 are newly catalogued. Newly catalogued is defined as having no optical (or infrared) counterpart in the NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database. Using the Digitized Sky Survey, we identify optical counterparts for almost half of the newly catalogued galaxies, which are typically of irregular or Magellanic morphological type. Several HI sources appear to be associated with compact groups or pairs of galaxies rather than an individual galaxy. The majority (57) of the newly catalogued galaxies lie within 10{deg} of the Galactic plane and are missing from optical surveys as a result of confusion with stars or dust extinction. This sample also includes newly catalogued galaxies first discovered by Henning et al. in the HI shallow survey of the zone of avoidance. The other 30 newly catalogued galaxies escaped detection because of their low surface brightness or optical compactness. Only one of these, HIPASS J0546-68, has no obvious optical counterpart, as it is obscured by the Large Magellanic Cloud. We find that the newly catalogued galaxies with |b|>10{deg} are generally lower in HI mass and narrower in velocity width compared with the total HIPASS BGC. In contrast, newly catalogued galaxies behind the Milky Way are found to be statistically similar to the entire HIPASS BGC. In addition to these galaxies, the HIPASS BGC contains four previously unknown HI clouds. Description:
