GEOPS is a joint laboratory of the “Université de Paris-Sud” (UPSUD) and the “Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique” (CNRS) created in 2004. It is structured in 5 scientific teams and 2 transversal themes. Within CNRS, GEOPS is supervised by the “Institut des Sciences de l’Univers” (INSU), secondarily by the ”Institut Ecologie et Environnement” (INEE). Within UPSUD, GEOPS belongs the “UFR des Sciences” and is member of the “Département des Sciences de la Terre”, whose it is the only member.