- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/II/180
- Title:
- uvby-beta photometry of metal-poor stars
- Short Name:
- II/180
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Using the calibrations derived by Schuster and Nissen (=1989A&A...221...65S), the interstellar color excesses, E(b-y), and the metallicities, [Fe/H], have been determined for the 711 high velocity and metal-poor stars in the catalogue of uvby-beta photometry (=1988A&AS...73..225S). 220 of these listed in table1 turn out to be halo stars according to the criterion [Fe/H] <= -1.0. About 15% of the halo stars have colors that are significantly affected by interstellar reddening, i.e. E(b-y) > 0.025. The distributions in the c0-(b-y)0 diagram of the halo stars grouped according to [Fe/H], have well defined turn-off points. From the Teff values of these points a minimum age of 18-20 Gyr for the halo stars is determined. However, this age may be 2-3 Gyr too high due to a possible systematic error in Teff for the stellar models used. Relative ages of 77 halo stars in the turn-off region of the c0-(b-y)0 diagram are derived using the isochrones VandenBerg and Bell (=1985ApJS...58..561V). Assuming that the O/Fe abundance ratio is constant in halo stars, evidence of a cosmic age scatter of +/-2.5Gyr at a given metallicity is found. Furthermore, the mean age of the halo stars is found to decrease smoothly by about 3 Gyr from [Fe/H]= -2.0 to -1.0. These results suggest that a pressure-supported slow uniform collapse controlled the formation and early evolution of the Galaxy. However, the scenario of Searle and Zinn (=1978ApJ...225..357S) is also compatible with the results.
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Search Results
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+AS/97/951
- Title:
- uvby-beta photometry of metal-poor stars
- Short Name:
- J/A+AS/97/951
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- A second catalogue of uvby-beta photometry for 553 high-velocity stars is given; nearly all of these stars come from the Lowell Proper Motion Survey. These data have been taken and reduced using the same photometer, same observing techniques, same standard stars and photometric values, and same reduction programs as the "northern" observations of the first catalogue (Paper I). The errors of these data are very similar to those of the previous catalogue; for most stars the mean errors of V, m1, c1 and beta are less than +/- 0.008 mag., and less than +/- 0.005 mag. for b-y.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+AS/117/317
- Title:
- uvby-beta photometry of metal-poor stars. VIII.
- Short Name:
- J/A+AS/117/317
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- A catalogue of uvby-{beta} photometry for 87 of the turn-off and subgiant stars from the HK survey of Beers et al. (1992AJ....103.1987B, BPSII) is given. Most of these stars have [Fe/H]<=2.5. These photometric data have been taken and reduced using the same techniques as in our previous two uvby-{beta} catalogues (Schuster et al., 1989, Cat. <II/180> and Schuster et al., 1993, Cat. <J/A+AS/97/951>). An error analysis has been made; typical mean observational errors for a star with V=14.2m are 0.008, 0.007, 0.011, 0.010 and 0.012 in V, (b-y), m_1_, c_1_ and {beta}, respectively. Our photometric data are also compared to the UBV photometry and spectral indices from the HK survey; satisfactory agreement is found indicating good quality for the two data sets. The stars are classified in reddening-free diagrams of the uvby-{beta} system; several of the stars are found to have been mis-classified in the HK survey. Two metal-poor supergiants, three (possibly four) horizontal branch stars, one blue subluminous star and two stars with ambiguous photometry have been identified. Stellar parameters, such as E(b-y), M_V_, {delta}M_V_, and T_eff_, plus error estimates for these parameters, are provided using our photometric calibrations. Although all stars have galactic latitudes |b|>=30{deg} many of them are significantly reddened with E(b-y) ranging from 0.02 to 0.15. The average reddening towards the South Galactic Pole region, b<-60{deg}, is E(b-y)=0.027+/-0.004 corresponding to E(B-V)=0.036+/-0.005 in contrast to the low value of E(B-V)~0.01 derived from the Burstein & Heiles (1982AJ.....87.1165B) maps. The stars are analyzed in the (b-y)_0_, [Fe/H] diagram, and individual ages estimated using the isochrones of VandenBerg & Bell (1985ApJS...58..561V) and of Bergbusch & VandenBerg (1992ApJS...81..163B). These very metal-poor stars are found to be coeval, within 1-2Gyr, with the halo and thick-disk stars studied previously, with a mean age in excess of 18Gyr. Several blue "thick-disk" stars, which are perhaps analogous to the "blue metal-poor" stars of Preston et al. (1994, Cat. <J/AJ/108/538>), have been identified.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/900/106
- Title:
- Vanadium abundances for 255 metal-poor stars
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/900/106
- Date:
- 13 Jan 2022 00:15:01
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present vanadium (V) abundances for 255 metal-poor stars derived from high-resolution optical spectra from the Magellan Inamori Kyocera Echelle spectrograph on the Magellan Telescopes at Las Campanas Observatory, the Robert G. Tull Coude Spectrograph on the Harlan J. Smith Telescope at McDonald Observatory, and the High Resolution Spectrograph on the Hobby-Eberly Telescope at McDonald Observatory. We use updated VI and VII atomic transition data from recent laboratory studies, and we increase the number of lines examined (from one to four lines of VI, and from two to seven lines of VII). As a result, we reduce the V abundance uncertainties for most stars by more than 20% and expand the number of stars with V detections from 204 to 255. In the metallicity range -4.0<[Fe/H]{<}-1.0, we calculate the mean ratios [VI/FeI]=-0.10+/-0.01 ({sigma}=0.16) from 128 stars with >=2VI lines detected, [VII/FeII]=+0.13+/-0.01 ({sigma}=0.16) from 220 stars with >=2 VII lines detected, and [VII/VI]=+0.25+/-0.01 ({sigma}=0.15) from 119 stars. We suspect that this offset is due to departures from local thermodynamic equilibrium, and we recommend using [VII/FeII], which is enhanced relative to the solar ratio, as a better representation of [V/Fe]. We provide more extensive evidence for abundance correlations detected previously among scandium, titanium, and vanadium, and we identify no systematic effects in the analysis that can explain these correlations.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+AS/105/125
- Title:
- Variability of CP stars
- Short Name:
- J/A+AS/105/125
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- (no description available)
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/608/A89
- Title:
- Very metal poor stars in MW halo
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/608/A89
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present the non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (NLTE) abundances of up to 10 chemical species in a sample of 59 very metal-poor (VMP, -4<=[Fe/H]<~-2) stars in seven dwarf spheroidal galaxies (dSphs) and in the Milky Way (MW) halo. Our results are based on high-resolution spectroscopic datasets and homogeneous and accurate atmospheric parameters determined in Paper I. We show that once the NLTE effects are properly taken into account, all massive galaxies in our sample, that is, the MW halo and the classical dSphs Sculptor, Ursa Minor, Sextans, and Fornax, reveal a similar plateau at [alpha/Fe]=0.3 for each of the alpha-process elements: Mg, Ca, and Ti. We put on a firm ground the evidence for a decline in alpha/Fe with increasing metallicity in the Bootes I ultra-faint dwarf galaxy (UFD), that is most probably due to the ejecta of type Ia supernovae. For Na/Fe, Na/Mg, and Al/Mg, the MW halo and all dSphs reveal indistinguishable trends with metallicity, suggesting that the processes of Na and Al synthesis are identical in all systems, independent of their mass. The dichotomy in the [Sr/Ba] versus [Ba/H] diagram is observed in the classical dSphs, similarly to the MW halo, calling for two different nucleosynthesis channels for Sr. We show that Sr in the massive galaxies is better correlated with Mg than Fe and that its origin is essentially independent of Ba, for most of the [Ba/H] range. Our three UFDs, that is Bootes I, UMa II, and Leo IV, are depleted in Sr and Ba relative to Fe and Mg, with very similar ratios of [Sr/Mg]=-1.3 and [Ba/Mg]=-1 on the entire range of their Mg abundances. The subsolar Sr/Ba ratios of Bootes I and UMa II indicate a common r-process origin of their neutron-capture elements. Sculptor remains the classical dSph, in which the evidence for inhomogeneous mixing in the early evolution stage, at [Fe/H]<-2, is the strongest.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/788/180
- Title:
- Very metal-poor stars in the Milky Way's halo
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/788/180
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We explore the kinematics and orbital properties of a sample of 323 very metal-poor stars in the halo system of the Milky Way, selected from the high-resolution spectroscopic follow-up studies of Aoki et al. (2013, J/AJ/145/13) and Yong et al (2013, J/ApJ/762/26). The combined sample contains a significant fraction of carbon-enhanced metal-poor (CEMP) stars (22% or 29%, depending on whether a strict or relaxed criterion is applied for this definition). Barium abundances (or upper limits) are available for the great majority of the CEMP stars, allowing for their separation into the CEMP-s and CEMP-no subclasses. A new method to assign membership to the inner- and outer-halo populations of the Milky Way is developed, making use of the integrals of motion, and applied to determine the relative fractions of CEMP stars in these two subclasses for each halo component. Although limited by small-number statistics, the data suggest that the inner halo of the Milky Way exhibits a somewhat higher relative number of CEMP-s stars than CEMP-no stars (57% versus 43%), while the outer halo possesses a clearly higher fraction of CEMP-no stars than CEMP-s stars (70% versus 30%). Although larger samples of CEMP stars with known Ba abundances are required, this result suggests that the dominant progenitors of CEMP stars in the two halo components were different; massive stars for the outer halo, and intermediate-mass stars in the case of the inner halo.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/620/A187
- Title:
- Very metal-poor turn-off stars abundances
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/620/A187
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Extremely metal-poor stars are keys to understand the early evolution of our Galaxy. The ESO large programme TOPoS has been tailored to analyse a new set of metal-poor turn-off stars, whereas most of the previously known extremely metal-poor stars are giant stars. Our results confirms the super-solar [Mg/Fe] and [Ca/Fe] ratios in metal-poor turn-off stars as observed in metal-poor giant stars. We found a significant spread of the [alpha/Fe] ratios with several stars showing sub-solar [Ca/Fe] ratios. We could measure the abundance of strontium in 12 stars of the sample, leading to abundance ratios [Sr/Fe] around the Solar value. We detected barium in two stars of the sample. One of the stars (SDSS J114424-004658) shows both very high [Ba/Fe] and [Sr/Fe] abundance ratios (>1dex).
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/340/304
- Title:
- [X/Fe] of Galactic disc F and G dwarfs
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/340/304
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Photospheric abundances are presented for 27 elements from carbon to europium in 181 F and G dwarfs from a differential local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) analysis of high-resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio spectra. Stellar effective temperatures (T_eff_) were adopted from an infrared flux method calibration of Stroemgren photometry. Stellar surface gravities (g) were calculated from Hipparcos parallaxes and stellar evolutionary tracks. Adopted T_eff_ and g values are in good agreement with spectroscopic estimates. Stellar ages were determined from evolutionary tracks. Stellar space motions (U, V, W) and a Galactic potential were used to estimate Galactic orbital parameters. These show that the vast majority of the stars belong to the Galactic thin disc.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/583/A94
- Title:
- [X/Fe] scatter derived for spectral lines
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/583/A94
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The main goal of this work is to explore which elements carry the most information about the birth origin of stars and, as such, which are best suited for chemical tagging. We explored different techniques to minimize the effect of outlier value lines in the abundances by using Ni abundances derived for 1111 FGK-type stars. We evaluate how the limited number of spectral lines can affect the final chemical abundance. Then we make an efficient even footing comparison of the [X/Fe] scatter between the elements that have a different number of observable spectral lines in the studied spectra. When several spectral lines are available, we find that the most efficient way of calculating the average abundance of elements is to use a weighted mean (WM), whereby we consider the distance from the median abundance as a weight. This method can be used effectively without removing suspected outlier lines. When the same number of lines are used to determine chemical abundances, we show that the [X/Fe] star-to-star scatter for iron group and alpha-capture elements is almost the same. The largest scatter among the studied elements, was observed for Al and the smallest for Cr and Ni. We recommend caution when comparing [X/Fe] scatters among elements where a different number of spectral lines are available. A meaningful comparison is necessary to identify elements that show the largest intrinsic scatter, which can then be used limit of [X/H] are very abrupt.
