By analysing a sample of galaxies selected from the HI Parkes All Sky Survey (HIPASS) to contain more than 2.5 times their expected HI content based on their optical properties, we investigate what drives these HI eXtreme (HIX) galaxies to be so HI-rich. We model the HI kinematics with the Tilted Ring Fitting Code TiRiFiC and compare the observed HIX galaxies to a control sample of galaxies from HIPASS as well as simulated galaxies built with the semi-analytic model DARK SAGE. We find that (1) HI discs in HIX galaxies are more likely to be warped and more likely to host HI arms and tails than in the control galaxies, (2) the average HI and average stellar column density of HIX galaxies is comparable to the control sample, (3) HIX galaxies have higher HI and baryonic specific angular momenta than control galaxies, (4) most HIX galaxies live in higher spin haloes than most control galaxies. These results suggest that HIX galaxies are HI-rich because they can support more HI against gravitational instability due to their high specific angular momentum. The majority of the HIX galaxies inherits their high specific angular momentum from their halo. The HI content of HIX galaxies might be further increased by gas-rich minor mergers. This paper is based on data obtained with the Australia Telescope Compact Array through the large program C2705.
This paper presents the analysis of optical integral field spectra for the HI eXtreme (HIX) galaxy sample. HIX galaxies host at least 2.5 times more atomic gas (HI) than expected from their optical R-band luminosity. Previous examination of their star formation activity and HI kinematics suggested that these galaxies stabilise their large HI discs (radii up to 94kpc) against star formation due to their higher than average baryonic specific angular momentum. A comparison to semi-analytic models further showed that the elevated baryonic specific angular momentum is inherited from the high spin of the dark matter host. In this paper we now turn to the gas-phase metallicity as well as stellar and ionised gas kinematics in HIX galaxies to gain insights on recent accretion of metal-poor gas or recent mergers. To do so we compare the stellar, ionised and atomic gas kinematics, and examine the variation of the gas-phase metallicity throughout the stellar disc of HIX galaxies. We find no indication for counter-rotation in any of the components, the central metallicities tend to be lower than average but as low as expected for galaxies of similar HI mass. Metallicity gradients are comparable to other less HI-rich, local star forming galaxies. We conclude that HIX galaxies show no conclusive evidence for recent major accretion or merger events. Their overall lower metallicities are likely due to them living in high spin halos, which slows down their evolution and thus enrichment of their interstellar medium.
We have obtained NIR broad-band images in the J, H and K bands of 12 barred galaxies that make up our sample, during three observing runs with the 3.6 m Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope on Hawaii. We used the Montreal NIR camera (MONICA) equipped with a 256 x 256 pixel HgCdTe array detector with a projected size of 0.248 arcsec. One of the main data products presented in this paper is a set of detailed radial profile fits to the NIR images. We present radial profiles of ellipticity, major axis position angle, NIR colour, and H- band surface brightness. We have used aperture photometry from the literature to calibrate the data. After calibrating the images, we fitted ellipses to the images. We thus produced plots of the surface brightness of the H- band as a function of the radius, and colour profiles in J-K and H-K for all the galaxies which were imaged in these bands. Error-bars in these plots indicate the uncertainty in the determination of the sky background. Certain aspects of the radial profiles are discussed in the paper, but there is one characteristic which is worth mentioning here. Apart from NGC 3516 and NGC 3982, the radial profiles show characteristic behaviour near the radius of the circumnuclear ring. In seven (out of 10) galaxies, all profiles (surface brightness, colour, ellipticity and position angle) show either a change in slope, where the surface brightness profile becomes steeper, or a bump, when the colour profile shows a limited redder region caused by either dust or SF in or near the ring. These characteristics are accompanied by some change in ellipticity and position angle.
This manuscript describes the public release of the Hubble Legacy Fields (HLF) project photometric catalog for the extended GOODS-South region from the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) archival program AR-13252. The analysis is based on the version 2.0 HLF data release that now includes all ultraviolet (UV) imaging, combining three major UV surveys. The HLF data combines over a decade worth of 7475 exposures taken in 2635 orbits totaling 6.3Ms with the HST Advanced Camera for Surveys Wide Field Channel (ACS/WFC) and the Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3) UVIS/IR Channels in the greater GOODS-S extragalactic field, covering all major observational efforts (e.g., GOODS, GEMS, CANDELS, ERS, UVUDF, and many other programs; see Illingworth+ arXiv:1606.00841). The HLF GOODS-S catalogs include photometry in 13 bandpasses from the UV (WFC3/UVIS F225W, F275W, and F336W filters), optical (ACS/WFC F435W, F606W, F775W, F814W and F850LP filters), to near-infrared (WFC3/IR F098M, F105W, F125W, F140W and F160W filters). Such a data set makes it possible to construct the spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of objects over a wide wavelength range from high-resolution mosaics that are largely contiguous. Here, we describe a photometric analysis of 186474 objects in the HST imaging at wavelengths 0.2-1.6{mu}m. We detect objects from an ultra-deep image combining the PSF-homogenized and noise-equalized F850LP, F125W, F140W, and F160W images, including Gaia astrometric corrections. SEDs were determined by carefully taking the effects of the point-spread function in each observation into account.
We discuss H-band (1.65{mu}m) near-infrared photometry of the central 9h^-2^Mpc^2^ of Abell 1644 (A1644) to a limiting M_H_~M*_H_+3 (throughout this paper H_0_=100h*km/s/Mpc). here are 861 galaxies in the photometric survey region. We also measured radial velocities of 155 galaxies; 141 of these are cluster members within 2.44h^-1^Mpc of the cluster center.
The H-magnitude aperture data published by the Aaronson et al. collaboration (See references) over a 10 year period is collected into a homogeneous data set of 1731 observations of 665 galaxies. Ninety-six percent of these galaxies have isophotal diameters and axial ratios determined by the Third Reference Catalogue of Bright Galaxies (RC3; de Vaucouleurs et al., 1991, Cat. <VII/155>), the most self-consistent set of optical data currently available. The precepts governing the optical data in the RC3 are systematically different from those of the Second Reference Catalogue (de Vaucouleurs, de Vaucouleurs, & Corwin 1976, Cat .<VII/112>), which were used by Aaronson et al. for their original analyses of galaxy peculiar motions. This in turn leads to systematic differences in growth curves and fiducial H-magnitudes, prompting the present recalibration of the near-infrared Tully-Fisher relationship. New optically normalized H-magnitude growth curves are defined for galaxies of types S0 to Im, from which new values of fiducial H-magnitude, H^g^_-0.5_, are measured for the 665 galaxies. A series of internal tests show that these four standard growth curves are defined to an accuracy of 0.05mag over the interval 1.5<=log(A/D_g_)<=-0.2. Comparisons with the Aaronson et al. values of diameters, axial ratios, and fiducial H-magnitudes show the expected differences, given the different definitions of these parameters. The values of H^g^_-0.5_ are assigned quality indices: a quality value of 1 indicates an accuracy of less than 0.2mag, quality 2 indicates an accuracy of 0.2-0.35mag, and quality 3 indicates an accuracy of more than 0.35mag. Revised values of corrected H I velocity widths are also given, based on the new set of axial ratios defined by the RC3.
To assess how external factors such as local interactions and fresh gas accretion influence the global interstellar medium of galaxies, we analyze the relationship between recent enhancements of central star formation and total molecular-to-atomic (H_2_/HI) gas ratios, using a broad sample of field galaxies spanning early-to-late type morphologies, stellar masses of 10^7.2^-10^11.2^M_{sun}_, and diverse stages of evolution. We find that galaxies occupy several loci in a "fueling diagram" that plots H_2_/HI ratio versus mass-corrected blue-centeredness, a metric tracing the degree to which galaxies have bluer centers than the average galaxy at their stellar mass. Spiral galaxies of all stellar masses show a positive correlation between H_2_/HI ratio and mass-corrected blue-centeredness. When combined with previous results linking mass-corrected blue-centeredness to external perturbations, this correlation suggests a systematic link between local galaxy interactions and molecular gas inflow/replenishment. Intriguingly, E/S0 galaxies show a more complex picture: some follow the same correlation, some are quenched, and a distinct population of blue-sequence E/S0 galaxies (with masses below key scales associated with transitions in gas richness) defines a separate loop in the fueling diagram. This population appears to be composed of low-mass merger remnants currently in late- or post-starburst states, in which the burst first consumes the H_2_ while the galaxy center keeps getting bluer, then exhausts the H_2_, at which point the burst population reddens as it ages. Multiple lines of evidence suggest connected evolutionary sequences in the fueling diagram. In particular, tracking total gas-to-stellar mass ratios within the fueling diagram provides evidence of fresh gas accretion onto low-mass E/S0s emerging from their central starburst episodes. Drawing on a comprehensive literature search, we suggest that virtually all galaxies follow the same evolutionary patterns found in our broad sample.
Based on a homogeneous set of X-ray, infrared and ultraviolet observations from Chandra, Spitzer, GALEX and 2MASS archives, we study populations of high-mass X-ray binaries (HMXBs) in a sample of 29 nearby star-forming galaxies and their relation with the star formation rate (SFR). In agreement with previous results, we find that HMXBs are a good tracer of the recent star formation activity in the host galaxy and their collective luminosity and number scale with the SFR, in particular, LX~~2.6x10^39^SFR. However, the scaling relations still bear a rather large dispersion of rms~0.4dex, which we believe is of a physical origin. We present the catalog of 1057 X-ray sources detected within the D25 ellipse for galaxies of our sample and construct the average X-ray luminosity function (XLF) of HMXBs with substantially improved statistical accuracy and better control of systematic effects than achieved in previous studies. The XLF follows a power law with slope of 1.6 in the log(LX)~35-40 luminosity range with a moderately significant evidence for a break or cut-off at LX~10^40^erg/s. As before, we did not find any features at the Eddington limit for a neutron star or a stellar mass black hole. We discuss implications of our results for the theory of binary evolution. In particular we estimate the fraction of compact objects that once upon their lifetime experienced an X-ray active phase powered by accretion from a high mass companion and obtain a rather large number, fX~0.2x(0.1Myr/{tau}x) ({tau}x is the life time of the X-ray active phase). This is about 4 orders of magnitude more frequent than in LMXBs. We also derive constrains on the mass distribution of the secondary star in HMXBs.
H_2_O lines reduced spectra in 11 ULIRGs or HyLIRGs
Short Name:
J/A+A/595/A80
Date:
21 Oct 2021
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
We report rest-frame submillimeter H_2_O emission line observations of 11 ultra- or hyper-luminous infrared galaxies (ULIRGs or HyLIRGs) at z~2-4 selected among the brightest lensed galaxies discovered in the Herschel-Astrophysical Terahertz Large Area Survey (H-ATLAS). Using the IRAM NOrthern Extended Millimeter Array (NOEMA), we have detected 14 new H_2_O emission lines. These include five 3_21_-3_12_ ortho-H_2_O lines (Eup/k=305K) and nine J=2 para-H_2_O lines, either 2_02_-1_11_ (E_up/k=101K) or 2_11_-2_02_ (E_up/k = 137K). The apparent luminosities of the H_2_O emission lines are {mu}L_H2O_~6-21x10^8^L_{sun}_ (3<{mu}<15, where {mu} is the lens magnification factor), with velocity-integrated line fluxes ranging from 4-15Jy.km/s. We have also observed CO emission lines using EMIR on the IRAM 30m telescope in seven sources (most of those have not yet had their CO emission lines observed). The velocity widths for CO and H_2_O lines are found to be similar, generally within 1{sigma} errors in the same source. With almost comparable integrated flux densities to those of the high-J CO line (ratios range from 0.4 to 1.1), H_2_O is found to be among the strongest molecular emitters in high-redshift Hy/ULIRGs. We also confirm our previously found correlation between luminosity of H_2_O (LH_2_O) and infrared (LIR) that LH_2_O~LIR^(1.1-1.2)^, with our new detections. This correlation could be explained by a dominant role of far-infrared pumping in the H_2_O excitation. Modelling reveals that the far-infrared radiation fields have warm dust temperature T_warm_~45-75K, H_2_O column density per unit velocity interval N_H2O_/{DELTA}V>~0.3x10^15^km/s/cm^2^ and 100{mu}m continuum opacity {tau}_100_>1 (optically thick), indicating that H_2_O is likely to trace highly obscured warm dense gas. However, further observations of J>=4 H_2_O lines are needed to better constrain the continuum optical depth and other physical conditions of the molecular gas and dust. We have also detected H_2_O^+^ emission in three sources. A tight correlation between L_H_2_O and L_H_2_O^+^ has been found in galaxies from low to high redshift. The velocity-integrated flux density ratio between H_2_O^+^ and H_2_O suggests that cosmic rays generated by strong star formation are possibly driving the H_2_O^+^ formation.
An essential part of the paradigm describing active galactic nuclei is the alignment between the radio jet and the associated rotation axis of the sub-pc accretion disks. Because of the small linear and angular scales involved, this alignment has not yet been checked in a sufficient number of low luminosity active galactic nuclei (LLAGNs). The project examines the validity of this paradigm by measuring the radio continuum on the same physical scale as the accretion disks to investigate any possible connection between these disks and the radio continuum. We observed a sample of 18 LLAGNs in the 4.8GHz (6cm) radio continuum using the Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) with 3.3-6.5ms resolution. The sources were selected to show both an edge-on accretion disk revealed by 22GHz H_2_O megamaser emission and signatures of a radio jet. Furthermore, the sources were previously detected in 33GHz radio continuum observations made with the Very Large Array. Five out of 18 galaxies observed were detected at 8{sigma} or higher levels (Mrk 0001, Mrk 1210, Mrk 1419, NGC 2273, and UGC 3193). While these five sources are known to have maser disks, four of them exhibit a maser disk with known orientation. For all four of these sources, the radio continuum is misaligned relative to the rotation axis of the maser disk, but with a 99.1% confidence level, the orientations are not random and are confined to a cone within 32{deg} of the maser disk's normal. Among the four sources the misalignment of the radio continuum with respect to the normal vector to the maser disk is smaller when the inner radius of the maser disk is larger. Furthermore, a correlation is observed between the 5GHz VLBA radio continuum and the [OIII] luminosity and also with the H_2_O maser disk's inner radius.
