- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/618/A85
- Title:
- Spectroscopy of 3<z<4 quiescent galaxies
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/618/A85
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present Keck-MOSFIRE H and K spectra for a sample of 24 candidate quiescent galaxies at 3<z<4, identified from their rest-frame UVJ colors and photometric redshifts in the ZFOURGE and 3DHST surveys. With median integration times of one hour in H and five in K, we obtain spectroscopic redshifts for half of the sample, using either Balmer absorption lines or nebular emission lines. We confirm the high accuracy of the photometric redshifts for this spectroscopically-confirmed sample, with a median |Zphot-Zspec|/(1+Zspec) of 1.2%. Two galaxies turn out to be dusty H{alpha} emitters at lower redshifts (z<2.5), and these are the only two detected in the sub-mm with ALMA. High equivalent-width [OIII] emission is observed in two galaxies, contributing up to 30% of the K-band flux and mimicking the UVJ colors of an old stellar population. This implies a failure rate of only 20% for the UVJ selection at these redshifts. Lastly, Balmer absorption features are identified in four galaxies, among the brightest of the sample, confirming the absence of OB stars. We then modeled the spectra and photometry of all quiescent galaxies with a wide range of star-formation histories. We find specific star-formation rates (sSFR) lower than 0.15Gyr^-1^ (a factor of ten below the main sequence) for all but one galaxy, and lower than 0.01Gyr^-1^ for half of the sample. These values are consistent with the observed H{beta} and [OII] luminosities, and the ALMA non-detections. The implied formation histories reveal that these galaxies have quenched on average 300Myr prior to being observed, between z=3.5 and 5, and that half of their stars were formed by z~5.5 with a mean SFR~300M_{sun}_/yr. We finally compared the UVJ selection to a selection based instead on the sSFR, as measured from the photometry. We find that galaxies a factor of ten below the main sequence are 40% more numerous than UVJ-selected quiescent galaxies, implying that the UVJ selection is pure but incomplete. Current models fail at reproducing our observations, and underestimate either the number density of quiescent galaxies by more than an order of magnitude, or the duration of their quiescence by a factor two. Overall, these results confirm the existence of an unexpected population of quiescent galaxies at z>3, and offer the first insights on their formation histories.
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Search Results
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/633/174
- Title:
- Spheroidals and bulge dominated galaxies
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/633/174
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present a comprehensive catalog of high signal-to-noise ratio spectra obtained with DEIMOS on the Keck II telescope for a sample of F850LP<22.43mag(AB) field spheroidal (E+S0 galaxies; 165) and bulge-dominated disk (61) galaxies in the redshift range 0.2<z<1.2, selected on the basis of visual morphology from the northern field of the Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey (GOODS-N). We discuss sample selection, photometric properties, and spectral reduction. We derive scale lengths, surface brightnesses, and photometric inhomogeneities from the ACS data and redshifts, stellar velocity dispersions, and [OII] and H{delta} equivalent widths from the Keck spectroscopy. Using the published 2Ms Chandra Deep Field-North X-ray catalog (Cat. <J/AJ/126/632>), we identify active galactic nuclei (AGNs) to clarify the origin of emission lines seen in the Keck spectra.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/123/2223
- Title:
- SPICES II: CHANDRA observations of Lynx
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/123/2223
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present our first results on field X-ray sources detected in a deep, 184.7ks observation with the Advanced CCD Imaging Spectrometer (ACIS-I) on the Chandra X-Ray Observatory. The observations target the Lynx field (RA=08h48min, DE=+44{deg}54') of SPICES, the Spectroscopic Photometric Infrared-Chosen Extragalactic Survey, which contains three known X-ray-emitting clusters at redshifts of z=0.57, 1.26, and 1.27. Not including the known clusters, in the 17'x17' ACIS-I field we detect 132 sources in the 0.5-2keV (soft) X-ray band down to a limiting flux of ~1.7x10^-16^ergs/cm^2^/s and 11 sources in the 2-10keV (hard) X-ray band down to a limiting flux of ~1.3x10^-15^ergs/cm^2^/s. The combined catalog contains a total of 153 sources, of which 42 are detected only in the soft band and 21 are detected only in the hard band. Confirming previous Chandra results, we find that the fainter sources have harder X-ray spectra, providing a consistent solution to the long-standing "spectral paradox." From deep optical and near-infrared follow-up data, 77% of the X-ray sources have optical counterparts to I=24, and 71% of the X-ray sources have near-infrared counterparts to Ks=20. Four of the 24 sources in the near-IR field are associated with extremely red objects (EROs; I-Ks>=4). We have obtained spectroscopic redshifts with the Keck telescopes of 18 of the Lynx Chandra sources. These sources comprise a mix of broad-lined active galaxies, apparently normal galaxies, and two late-type Galactic dwarfs. Intriguingly, one Galactic source is identified with an M7 dwarf exhibiting nontransient, hard X-ray emission. Thirteen of the Chandra sources are located within regions for which we have Hubble Space Telescope imaging. Nine of the sources are detected, showing a range of morphologies: several show compact cores embedded within diffuse emission, while others are spatially extended showing typical galaxy morphologies. Two of the Chandra sources in this subsample appear to be associated with mergers. We briefly review non-active galactic nucleus mechanisms to produce X-ray emission and discuss properties of the Lynx Chandra sample in relation to other samples of X-ray and non-X-ray sources.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/658/L2
- Title:
- Spiderweb galaxy [CII] 158um spectrum
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/658/L2
- Date:
- 22 Feb 2022
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present the detection of [CII] 158um emission from the Spiderweb galaxy at z=2.1612 using the Atacama Pathfinder EXperiment. The line profile splits into an active galactic nucleus (AGN) and circum galactic medium (CGM) component previously identified in CO and [CI]. We find that these individual [CII] components are consistent in terms of CO and far-IR luminosity ratios with the populations of other z>~1 AGN and dusty star-forming galaxies. The CGM component dominates the [CII] emission in the 10" APEX beam. Although we do not have spatially resolved data, the close correspondence of the velocity profile with the CO(1-0) detected only on scales of tens of kiloparsecs in CO(1-0) suggests that the [CII] emission is similarly extended, reminiscent of [CII] halos recently found around z>5 galaxies. Comparing the first four ionization states of carbon, we find that the atomic [CI] emission is dominant, which increases its reliability as a molecular mass tracer. Our [CII] detection at 601.8 GHz also demonstrates the feasibility to extend the frequency range of ALMA Band 9 beyond the original specifications.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/570/A55
- Title:
- Spiderweb galaxy 870um and 1.4GHz images
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/570/A55
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present APEX LABOCA 870{mu}m observations of the field around the high-redshift radio galaxy MRC1138-262 at z=2.16. We detect 16 submillimeter galaxies (SMGs) in this ~140-arcmin^2^ bolometer map with flux densities in the range 3-11mJy. The raw number counts indicate a density of SMGs that is up to four times that of blank field surveys. Based on an exquisite multiwavelength database, including VLA 1.4 GHz radio and infrared observations, we investigate whether these sources are members of the protocluster structure at z=~2.2. Using Herschel PACS and SPIRE and Spitzer MIPS photometry, we derive reliable far-infrared (FIR) photometric redshifts for all sources. Follow-up VLT ISAAC and SINFONI NIR spectra confirm that four of these SMGs have redshifts of z=~2.2. We also present evidence that another SMG in this field, detected earlier at 850{mu}m, has a counterpart that exhibits H{alpha} and CO(1-0) emission at z=2.15. Including the radio galaxy and two SMGs with FIR photometric redshifts at z=2.2, we conclude that at least eight submm sources are part of the protocluster at z=2.16 associated with the radio galaxy MRC1138-262. We measure a star formation rate density SFRD~1500M_{sun}_/yr/Mpc^3^, four magnitudes higher than the global SFRD of blank fields at this redshift. Strikingly, these eight sources are concentrated within a region of 2Mpc (the typical size of clusters in the local universe) and are distributed within the filaments traced by the HAEs at z=~2.2. This concentration of massive, dusty starbursts is not centered on the submillimeter-bright radio galaxy which could support the infalling of these sources into the cluster center. Approximately half (6/11) of the SMGs that are covered by the H{alpha} imaging data are associated with HAEs, demonstrating the potential of tracing SMG counterparts with this population. To summarize, our results demonstrate that submillimeter observations may enable us to study (proto)clusters of massive, dusty starbursts.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/907/123
- Title:
- Spin Parity of Spiral Galaxies. III.
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/907/123
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- This is a revised catalog of spiral winding direction of SDSS spiral galaxies published by Shamir (2017PASA...34...11S). Whether the spiral pattern as projected on the sky is S-wise or Z-wise (Shamir called them counter clock wise and clockwise, respectively) can be an unambiguous tool to identify whether the galaxy spin vector is pointing toward or away from us as all the spirals are safely regarded as trailing spirals (Iye et al., 2019ApJ...886..113S). We used Shamir's catalog to analyze the dipole anisotropy in their large-scale structure and found that there exist rather massive duplicated entries and a few other minor errors in the original catalog. In this revised version those duplicated entries are cleaned keeping the judgment of the spiral winding direction due to Shamir (2017PASA...34...11S) except for a several obviously inconsistent cases. These corrections were necessary to make analysis of the large scale distribution of spin vectors of galaxies of the SDSS sample in our paper.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/116/1626
- Title:
- Spiral and lenticular galaxy brightness profiles
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/116/1626
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present one of the largest homogeneous sets of spiral and lenticular galaxy brightness profile decompositions completed to date. The 659 galaxies in our sample have been fitted with a de Vaucouleurs law for the bulge component and an inner-truncated exponential for the disk component. Of the 659 galaxies in the sample, 620 were successfully fitted with the chosen fitting functions. The fits are generally well defined, with more than 90% having rms deviations from the observed profile of less than 0.35mag. We find no correlations of fitting quality, as measured by these rms residuals, with either morphological type or inclination. Similarly, the estimated errors of the fitted coefficients show no significant trends with type or inclination. These decompositions form a useful basis for the study of the light distributions of spiral and lenticular galaxies. The object base is sufficiently large that well-defined samples of galaxies can be selected from it.
3388. Spiral galaxies in pairs
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/106/27
- Title:
- Spiral galaxies in pairs
- Short Name:
- J/ApJS/106/27
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Rotation curves have been obtained for 76 spiral galaxies in pairs, including a geometrically selected subset from the Karachentsev catalog and a set of Seyfert galaxies with close companions. Derived parameters of the rotation curves and the galaxies' light distributions are also presented. The rotation curves are classified broadly by shape, with special emphasis on kinematic disturbances and regions of solid-body behavior that may lead to bar development. Broadband images of the galaxies allow assessments of their degree of symmetry or disturbance. These velocity slices afford an empirical basis for evaluating the accuracy of radial velocity measures for spiral galaxies in pairs, and the dynamically important radial velocity differences. Specifically, the disagreement among several plausible ways of estimating the central velocity from these rotation data is used to estimate how closely any of these might approximate the nuclear or center-of-mass values. From seven indicators of central velocity, the internal scatter is delta_vv = 34 km/s. Of these, the velocity weighted by Halpha intensity along the slit shows a systematic offset of about 20 km/s with respect to the others for the Karachentsev pairs, in the sense that this measure is redshifted with respect to the other indicators. This is in the sense (but not of the total magnitude) required to account for statistical asymmetries in pair velocity differences. Individual scatter between the velocity indicators taken pairwise ranges from delta = 20 to 52 km/s. These results imply that emission-line data such as these cannot specify the center of mass or nuclear redshift at a level more accurate than this, even for arbitrarily precise velocity measurements, because it is not clear how the observed quantities relate to the desired measurement in a physical sense. No useful predictor of which galaxies have large or small scatter among velocity measures was found, except that the scatter is small for the class of "nonrotating" galaxies with small overall velocity amplitudes. Projected separation, separation normalized to disk scale length, and morphological disturbance do not correlate with velocity scatter.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/368/16
- Title:
- Spiral galaxies JHK surface photometry
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/368/16
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- File table5.dat contains the NGC (Cat. <VII/118>) numbers of the 40 galaxies observed in JHK with the MAGIC camera of the Calar Alto 2.2m telescope. Their absolute total JHK luminosities, the luminosities of disks and bulges, and the bulge-to-disk ratios were obtained by flux-calibrated 2-dimensional disk-bulge decompositions.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/423/849
- Title:
- Spiral galaxies observed in the K band
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/423/849
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- A sample of 54 nearby spiral galaxies was observed in the K' band with 3.5m NTT telescope, La Silla, ESO, to study the morphology and other properties of spiral perturbations in their disks. A subsample of the galaxies classified as ordinary, non-barred spirals was used to estimate frequency of weak bars detectable in the K' band. The tables provide general structural properties of the galaxies including estimated of the bulge/disk decomposition and spiral perturbations in the disks.
