- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/644/A1
- Title:
- 4 K giants velocity curves
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/644/A1
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present radial-velocity (RV) measurements for the K giant stars HD 25723, 17 Sco, 3 Cnc and 44 UMa, taken at the Lick Observatory between 2000 and 2011. The best Keplerian fits to the data yield minimum masses of 2.5MJup and 4.3M_Jup_ for the planets orbiting HD 25723 and 17 Sco, respectively. The minimum masses of an additional candidate around HD 25723, and of planet candidates around 3 Cnc and 44 UMa, would be 1.3M_Jup_, 20.7M_Jup_ and 12.1M_Jup_, respectively.
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Search Results
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/606/A107
- Title:
- K2/HARPS measurements for 8 stars
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/606/A107
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- One of the best ways to improve our understanding of the stellar activity-induced signal in radial velocity (RV) measurements is through simultaneous high-precision photometric and RV observations. This is of prime importance to mitigate the RV signal induced by stellar activity and therefore unveil the presence of low-mass exoplanets. The K2 Campaign 7 and 8 fields of view were located in the southern hemisphere, and provided a unique opportunity to gather unprecedented simultaneous high-precision photometric observation with K2 and high-precision RV measurements with the HARPS spectrograph to study the relationship between photometric variability and RV jitter. We observed nine stars with different levels of activity, from quiet to very active. We first probed the presence of any meaningful relation between measured RV jitter and the simultaneous photometric variation, and also other activity indicators (such as BIS, FWHM, logR0'HK, and F8) by evaluating the strength and significance of the monotonic correlation between RVs and each indicator. We found that for the case of very active stars, strong and significant correlations exist between almost all the observables and measured RVs; however, when we move towards lower activity levels the correlations become random, and we could not reach any conclusion regarding the tendency of correlations depending on the stellar activity level. Except for the F8 whose strong correlation with RV jitter persists over a wide range of stellar activity level, and thus our result suggests that F8 might be a powerful proxy for activity-induced RV jitter over a wide range of stellar activity. Moreover, we examine the capability of two state-of-the-art modeling techniques, namely the FF' method and SOAP2.0, to accurately predict the RV jitter amplitude using the simultaneous photometric observation. We found that for the very active stars both techniques can predict the amplitude of the RV jitter reasonably well; however, at lower activity levels the FF' method underpredicts the RV jitter amplitude.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/631/A90
- Title:
- K2-138 HARPS radial velocities
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/631/A90
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The detection of low-mass transiting exoplanets in multiple systems brings new constraints to planetary formation and evolution processes and challenges the current planet formation theories. Nevertheless, only a mere fraction of the small planets detected by Kepler and K2 have precise mass measurements, which are mandatory to constrain their composition. We aim to characterise the planets that orbit the relatively bright star K2-138. This system is dynamically particular as it presents the longest chain known to date of planets close to the 3:2 resonance. We obtained 215 HARPS spectra from which we derived the radial-velocity variations of K2-138. Via a joint Bayesian analysis of both the K2 photometry and HARPS radial-velocities (RVs), we constrained the parameters of the six planets in orbit. The masses of the four inner planets, from b to e, are 3.1, 6.3, 7.9, and 13.0M_{Earth}_ with a precision of 34%, 20%, 18%, and 15%, respectively. The bulk densities are 4.9, 2.8, 3.2, and 1.8g/cm^3^, ranging from Earth to Neptune-like values. For planets f and g, we report upper limits. Finally, we predict transit timing variations of the order two to six minutes from the masses derived. Given its peculiar dynamics, K2-138 is an ideal target for transit timing variation (TTV) measurements from space with the upcoming CHaracterizing ExOPlanet Satellite (CHEOPS) to study this highly-packed system and compare TTV and RV masses.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/608/A35
- Title:
- K2-18 HARPS time-series
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/608/A35
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The bright M2.5 dwarf K2-18 (M_s_=0.36M_{sun}_, R_s_=0.41R_{sun}_) at 34 pc is known to host a transiting super-Earth-sized planet orbiting within the star's habitable zone; K2-18b. Given the superlative nature of this system for studying an exoplanetary atmosphere receiving similar levels of insolation as the Earth, we aim to characterize the planet's mass which is required to interpret atmospheric properties and infer the planet's bulk composition. We have obtained precision radial velocity measurements with the HARPS spectrograph. We then coupled those measurements with the K2 photometry to jointly model the observed radial velocity variation with planetary signals and a correlated stellar activity model based on Gaussian process regression. We measured the mass of K2-18b to be 8.0+/-1.9M_{sun}_ with a bulk density of 3.3+/-1.2g/cm^3^ which may correspond to a predominantly rocky planet with a significant gaseous envelope or an ocean planet with a water mass fraction >~50%. We also find strong evidence for a second, warm super-Earth K2-18c (m_p,c_sin(i_c_)=7.5+/-1.3M_{sun}_) at approximately nine days with a semi-major axis ~2.4 times smaller than the transiting K2-18b. After re-analyzing the available light curves of K2-18 we conclude that K2-18c is not detected in transit and therefore likely has an orbit that is non-coplanar with the orbit of K2-18b although only a small mutual inclination is required for K2-18c to miss a transiting configuration; |{Delta}i|~1-2{deg}. A suite of dynamical integrations are performed to numerically confirm the system's dynamical stability. By varying the simulated orbital eccentricities of the two planets, dynamical stability constraints are used as an additional prior on each planet's eccentricity posterior from which we constrain e_b_<0.43 and e_c_<0.47 at the level of 99% confidence. The discovery of the inner planet K2-18c further emphasizes the prevalence of multi-planet systems around M dwarfs. The characterization of the density of K2-18b reveals that the planet likely has a thick gaseous envelope which, along with its proximity to the solar system, makes the K2-18 planetary system an interesting target for the atmospheric study of an exoplanet receiving Earth-like insolation.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/621/A49
- Title:
- K2-18 HARPS time-series
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/621/A49
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- In an earlier campaign to characterize the mass of the transiting temperate super-Earth K2-18b with HARPS, a second, non-transiting planet was posited to exist in the system at ~9-days. Further radial velocity follow-up with the CARMENES spectrograph visible channel revealed a much weaker signal at 9-days, which also appeared to vary chromatically and temporally, leading to the conclusion that the origin of the 9-day signal was more likely related to stellar activity than to a planetary presence. Here we conduct a detailed re-analysis of all available RV time-series -- including a set of 31 previously unpublished HARPS measurements -- to investigate the effects of time-sampling and of simultaneous modelling of planetary plus activity signals on the existence and origin of the curious 9-day signal. We conclude that the 9-day signal is real and was initially seen to be suppressed in the CARMENES data due to a small number of anomalous measurements, although the exact cause of these anomalies remains unknown. Investigation of the signal's evolution in time with wavelength and detailed model comparison reveals that the 9-day signal is most likely planetary in nature. Using this analysis we reconcile the conflicting HARPS and CARMENES results and measure precise and self-consistent planet masses of m_p,b_=8.63+/-1.35 and m_p,c_sin(i_c_)=5.62+/-0.84 Earth masses. This work, along with the previously published RV papers on the K2-18 planetary system, highlights the importance of understanding the time-sampling and of modelling the simultaneous planet plus stochastic activity, particularly when searching for sub-Neptune-sized planets with radial velocities.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/140/2025
- Title:
- KH 15D (V582 Mon) VI light curves
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/140/2025
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Photometry of the unique pre-main-sequence binary system KH 15D is presented, spanning the years 2005-2010. This system has exhibited photometric variations and eclipses over the last ~50 years that are attributed to the effect of a precessing circumbinary disk. Advancement of the occulting edge across the projection on the sky of the binary orbit has continued and the photospheres of both stars are now completely obscured at all times. The system has thus transitioned to a state in which it should be visible only by scattered light, and yet it continues to show a periodic variation on the orbital cycle with an amplitude exceeding 2mag.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/658/A22
- Title:
- Kinematic properties of white dwarfs
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/658/A22
- Date:
- 22 Feb 2022
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Kinematic and chemical tagging of stellar populations have both revealed much information on the past and recent history of the Milky Way, including its formation history, merger events, and mixing of populations across the Galactic disk and halo. We present the first detailed 3D kinematic analysis of a sample of 3133 white dwarfs that used Gaia astrometry plus radial velocities, which were measured either by Gaia or by ground-based spectroscopic observations. The sample includes either isolated white dwarfs that have direct radial velocity measurements, or white dwarfs that belong to common proper motion pairs that contain nondegenerate companions with available radial velocities. A subset of common proper motion pairs also have metal abundances that have been measured by large-scale spectroscopic surveys or by our own follow-up observations. We used the white dwarfs as astrophysical clocks by determining their masses and total ages through interpolation with dedicated evolutionary models. We also used the nondegenerate companions in common proper motions to chemically tag the population. Combining accurate radial velocities with Gaia astrometry and proper motions, we derived the velocity components of our sample in the Galactic rest frame and their Galactic orbital parameters. The sample is mostly located within ~300 pc from the Sun. It predominantly contains (90-95%) thin-disk stars with almost circular Galactic orbits, while the remaining 5-10% of stars have more eccentric trajectories and belong to the thick disk. We identified seven isolated white dwarfs and two common proper motion pairs as halo members. We determined the age - velocity dispersion relation for the thin-disk members, which agrees with previous results that were achieved from different white dwarf samples without published radial velocities. The age - velocity dispersion relation shows signatures of dynamical heating and saturation after 4-6 Gyr. We observed a mild anticorrelation between [Fe/H] and the radial component of the average velocity dispersion, showing that dynamical mixing of populations takes place in the Galactic disk, as was detected through the analysis of other samples of FGK stars. We have shown that a white dwarf sample with accurate 3D kinematics and well-measured chemical compositions enables a wider understanding of their population in the solar neighborhood and its connection with the Galactic chemodynamics. The legacy of existing spectroscopic surveys will be boosted by the availability of upcoming larger samples of white dwarfs and common proper motion pairs with more uniform high-quality data.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/829/L9
- Title:
- K2 LC of HD 3167 and Robo-AO image
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/829/L9
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We report the discovery of two super-Earth-sized planets transiting the bright (V=8.94, K=7.07) nearby late G-dwarf HD 3167, using data collected by the K2 mission. The inner planet, HD 3167 b, has a radius of 1.6R_{Earth}_ and an ultra-short orbital period of only 0.96d. The outer planet, HD 3167 c, has a radius of 2.9R_{Earth}_ and orbits its host star every 29.85 days. At a distance of just 45.8+/-2.2pc, HD3167 is one of the closest and brightest stars hosting multiple transiting planets, making HD 3167 b and c well suited for follow-up observations. The star is chromospherically inactive with low rotational line-broadening, ideal for radial velocity observations to measure the planets' masses. The outer planet is large enough that it likely has a thick gaseous envelope that could be studied via transmission spectroscopy. Planets transiting bright, nearby stars like HD 3167 are valuable objects to study leading up to the launch of the James Webb Space Telescope.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/323/139
- Title:
- K magnitude of Pleiades low-mass binaries
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/323/139
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- This table provides the list of stars observed but not resolved during the diffraction-limited survey of G and K Pleiades dwarfs. Previously known binaries, either photometric or spectroscopic, are referenced.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/649/A90
- Title:
- KMT-2018-BLG-1025Lb I light curve
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/649/A90
- Date:
- 22 Feb 2022
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We aim to find missing microlensing planets hidden in the unanalyzed lensing events of previous survey data. For this purpose, we conduct a systematic inspection of high-magnification microlensing events, with peak magnifications Apeak>~30, in the data collected from high-cadence surveys in and before the 2018 season. From this investigation, we identify an anomaly in the lensing light curve of the event KMT-2018-BLG-1025. The analysis of the light curve indicates that the anomaly is caused by a very low mass-ratio companion to the lens. We identify three degenerate solutions, in which the ambiguity between a pair of solutions (solutions B) is caused by the previously known close-wide degeneracy, and the degeneracy between these and the other solution (solution A) is a new type that has not been reported before. The estimated mass ratio between the planet and host is q~0.8x10^-4^ for the solution A and q~1.6x10^-4^ for the solutions B. From the Bayesian analysis conducted with measured observables, we estimate that the masses of the planet and host and the distance to the lens are (Mp, Mh, DL)~(6.1M_{sun}_, 0.22M_Earth_, 6.7kpc) for the solution A and ~(4.4M_{sun}_, 0.08M_Earth_, 7.5kpc) for the solutions B. The planet mass is in the category of a super-Earth regardless of the solutions, making the planet the eleventh super-Earth planet, with masses lying between those of Earth and the Solar system's ice giants, discovered by microlensing.
