- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/248/31
- Title:
- HST & Chandra obs. of elliptical galaxies
- Short Name:
- J/ApJS/248/31
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We investigate X-ray binary (XRB) luminosity function (XLF) scaling relations for Chandra-detected populations of low-mass XRBs (LMXBs) within the footprints of 24 early-type galaxies. Our sample includes Chandra and Hubble Space Telescope observed galaxies at D<~25Mpc that have estimates of the globular cluster (GC) specific frequency (S_N_) reported in the literature. As such, we are able to directly classify X-ray-detected sources as being coincident with unrelated background/foreground objects, GCs, or sources that are within the fields of the galaxy targets. We model the GC and field LMXB population XLFs for all galaxies separately and then construct global models characterizing how the LMXB XLFs vary with galaxy stellar mass and S_N_. We find that our field LMXB XLF models require a component that scales with S_N_ and has a shape consistent with that found for the GC LMXB XLF. We take this to indicate that GCs are "seeding" the galactic field LMXB population, through the ejection of GC LMXBs and/or the diffusion of the GCs in the galactic fields themselves. However, we also find that an important LMXB XLF component is required for all galaxies that scales with stellar mass, implying that a substantial population of LMXBs are formed "in situ," which dominates the LMXB population emission for galaxies with S_N_<~2. For the first time, we provide a framework quantifying how directly associated GC LMXBs, GC-seeded LMXBs, and in situ LMXBs contribute to LMXB XLFs in the broader early-type galaxy population.
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Search Results
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/117/2244
- Title:
- HST color-magnitude diagrams of the LMC
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/117/2244
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present results on the analysis of background field stars found in Hubble Space Telescope Wide Field Planetary Camera 2 observations of six of the old globular clusters of the Large Magellanic Cloud. Treated as contaminants by the globular cluster analysts, we produce (V-I, V) color-magnitude diagrams (CMDs) of the field stars and use them to explore the LMC's star formation history. The photometry approaches V {~} 26, well below the turnoff of an ancient ({~} 14 Gyr) LMC population of stars. The field star CMDs are generally characterized by an upper main sequence broadened by stellar evolution, an old red giant branch, a prominent red clump, and an unevolved lower main sequence. The CMDs also contain a few visual differences, the most obvious of which is the smeared appearance of the NGC 1916 field caused by heavy differential reddening. More subtly, the base of the subgiant branch near the old turnoff appears extended in V, and the red giant branch appears broad in V-I in four of the fields but not in the NGC 1754 field.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/794/75
- Title:
- HST-COS UV spectra observations of AGNs
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/794/75
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The ionizing fluxes from quasars and other active galactic nuclei (AGNs) are critical for interpreting their emission-line spectra and for photoionizing and heating the intergalactic medium. Using far-ultraviolet (FUV) spectra from the Cosmic Origins Spectrograph (COS) on the Hubble Space Telescope (HST), we directly measure the rest-frame ionizing continua and emission lines for 159 AGNs at redshifts 0.001<z_AGN_<1.476 and construct a composite spectrum from 475 to 1875 {AA}. We identify the underlying AGN continuum and strong extreme ultraviolet (EUV) emission lines from ions of oxygen, neon, and nitrogen after masking out absorption lines from the H I Ly{alpha} forest, 7 Lyman-limit systems (N_HI_>=10^17.2^/cm2) and 214 partial Lyman-limit systems (14.5<logN_HI_<17.2). The 159 AGNs exhibit a wide range of FUV/EUV spectral shapes, F_v_{propto}{nu}^{alpha}_{nu}_^, typically with -2<={alpha}_{nu}_<=0 and no discernible continuum edges at 912 {AA} (H I) or 504 {AA} (He I). The composite rest-frame continuum shows a gradual break at {lambda}_br_{approx} 1000 {AA}, with mean spectral index {alpha}_{nu}_=-0.83+/-0.09 in the FUV (1200-2000 {AA}) steepening to {alpha}_{nu}_=-1.41+/-0.15 in the EUV (500-1000 {AA}). We discuss the implications of the UV flux turnovers and lack of continuum edges for the structure of accretion disks, AGN mass inflow rates, and luminosities relative to Eddington values.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/159/119
- Title:
- HST emission line survey of Andromeda. I. Be stars
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/159/119
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present results from a two epoch Hubble Space Telescope H{alpha} emission line survey of the Andromeda galaxy that overlaps the footprint of the Panchromatic Hubble Andromeda Treasury (PHAT) survey. We found 552 (542) classical Be stars and 8429 (8556) normal B-type stars in epoch 1 (epoch 2), yielding an overall fractional Be content of 6.15%{+/-}0.26% (5.96%{+/-}0.25%). The fractional Be content decreased with spectral subtype from ~23.6%{+/-}2.0% (~23.9%{+/-}2.0%) for B0-type stars to ~3.1%{+/-}0.34% (~3.4%{+/-}0.35%) for B8-type stars in epoch 1 (epoch 2). We observed a clear population of cluster Be stars at early fractional main-sequence lifetimes, indicating that a subset of Be stars emerge onto the zero-age main sequence as rapid rotators. Be stars are 2.8x rarer in M31 for the earliest subtypes compared to the Small Magellanic Cloud, confirming that the fractional Be content decreases in significantly more metal-rich environments (like the Milky Way and M31). However, M31 does not follow a clear trend of Be fraction decreasing with metallicity compared to the Milky Way, which may reflect that the Be phenomenon is enhanced with evolutionary age. The rate of disk-loss or disk-regeneration episodes we observed, 22%{+/-}2%/yr, is similar to that observed for seven other Galactic clusters reported in the literature, assuming these latter transient fractions scale by a linear rate. The similar number of disk-loss events (57) as disk-renewal events (43) was unexpected since disk dissipation timescales can be ~2x the typical timescales for disk build-up phases.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/835/152
- Title:
- HST FGS-1r parallaxes for 8 metal-poor stars
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/835/152
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Hubble Space Telescope (HST) fine guidance sensor observations were used to obtain parallaxes of eight metal-poor ([Fe/H]< -1.4) stars. The parallaxes of these stars determined by the new Hipparcos reduction average 17% accuracy, in contrast to our new HST parallaxes, which average 1% accuracy and have errors on the individual parallaxes ranging from 85 to 144{mu}as. These parallax data were combined with HST Advanced Camera for Surveys photometry in the F606W and F814W filters to obtain the absolute magnitudes of the stars with an accuracy of 0.02-0.03 mag. Six of these stars are on the main sequence (MS) (with -2.7<[Fe/H]< -1.8) and are suitable for testing metal-poor stellar evolution models and determining the distances to metal-poor globular clusters (GCs). Using the abundances obtained by O'Malley+ (2017ApJ...838...90O), we find that standard stellar models using the VandenBerg & Clem (2003AJ....126..778V) color transformation do a reasonable job of matching five of the MS stars, with HD 54639 ([Fe/H]=-2.5) being anomalous in its location in the color-magnitude diagram. Stellar models and isochrones were generated using a Monte Carlo analysis to take into account uncertainties in the models. Isochrones that fit the parallax stars were used to determine the distances and ages of nine GCs (with -2.4{<=}[Fe/H]{<=}-1.9). Averaging together the age of all nine clusters led to an absolute age of the oldest, most metal-poor GCs of 12.7+/-1.0Gyr, where the quoted uncertainty takes into account the known uncertainties in the stellar models and isochrones, along with the uncertainty in the distance and reddening of the clusters.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/459/1626
- Title:
- HST Frontier Fields Herschel sources
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/459/1626
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present a complete census of all Herschel-detected sources within the six massive lensing clusters of the HST Frontier Fields (HFF). We provide a robust legacy catalogue of 263 sources with Herschel fluxes, primarily based on imaging from the Herschel Lensing Survey and PEP/HerMES Key Programmes. We optimally combine Herschel, Spitzer and WISE infrared (IR) photometry with data from HST, VLA and ground-based observatories, identifying counterparts to gain source redshifts. For each Herschel-detected source we also present magnification factor ({mu}), intrinsic IR luminosity and characteristic dust temperature, providing a comprehensive view of dust-obscured star formation within the HFF. We demonstrate the utility of our catalogues through an exploratory overview of the magnified population, including more than 20 background sub-LIRGs unreachable by Herschel without the assistance gravitational lensing.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/707/1347
- Title:
- HST F160W photometry in RMC 136
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/707/1347
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present deep Hubble Space Telescope NICMOS 2 F160W band observations of the central 56"x57" (14pcx14.25pc) region around R136 in the starburst cluster 30 Dor (NGC 2070) located in the Large Magellanic Cloud. Our aim is to derive the stellar initial mass function (IMF) down to ~1M_{sun}_ in order to test whether the IMF in a massive metal-poor cluster is similar to that observed in nearby young clusters and the field in our Galaxy. We estimate the mean age of the cluster to be 3Myr by combining our F160W photometry with previously obtained HST WFPC2 optical F555W and F814W band photometry and comparing the stellar locus in the color-magnitude diagram with main sequence and pre-main sequence isochrones. The color-magnitude diagrams show the presence of differential extinction and possibly an age spread of a few megayear. We convert the magnitudes into masses adopting both a single mean age of 3Myr isochrone and a constant star formation history from 2 to 4Myr. We derive the IMF after correcting for incompleteness due to crowding. The faintest stars detected have a mass of 0.5M_{sun}_ and the data are more than 50% complete outside a radius of 5pc down to a mass limit of 1.1M_{sun}_ for 3Myr old objects.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/840/30
- Title:
- HST/Gemini proper motions for Pyxis
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/840/30
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present a proper motion measurement for the halo globular cluster Pyxis, using Hubble Space Telescope/ACS data as the first epoch and GeMS/GSAOI Adaptive Optics data as the second, separated by a baseline of ~5 years. This is both the first measurement of the proper motion of Pyxis and the first calibration and use of Multi-Conjugate Adaptive Optics data to measure an absolute proper motion for a faint, distant halo object. Consequently, we present our analysis of the Adaptive Optics data in detail. We obtain a proper motion of {mu}_{alpha}_cos({delta})=1.09+/-0.31mas/yr and {mu}_{delta}_=0.68+/-0.29mas/yr. From the proper motion and line-of-sight velocity, we find that the orbit of Pyxis is rather eccentric, with its apocenter at more than 100kpc and its pericenter at about 30kpc. We also investigate two literature-proposed associations for Pyxis with the recently discovered ATLAS stream and the Magellanic system. Combining our measurements with dynamical modeling and cosmological numerical simulations, we find it unlikely Pyxis is associated with either system. We examine other Milky Way satellites for possible association using the orbit, eccentricity, metallicity, and age as constraints and find no likely matches in satellites down to the mass of Leo II. We propose that Pyxis probably originated in an unknown galaxy, which today is fully disrupted. Assuming that Pyxis is bound and not on a first approach, we derive a 68% lower limit on the mass of the Milky Way of 0.95x10^12^M_{sun}_.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/859/38
- Title:
- HST grism obs. of CARLA galaxy cluster candidates
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/859/38
- Date:
- 08 Mar 2022 13:56:29
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We report spectroscopic results from our 40-orbit Hubble Space Telescope slitless grism spectroscopy program observing the 20 densest Clusters Around Radio-Loud AGN (CARLA) candidate galaxy clusters at 1.4<z<2.8. These candidate rich structures, among the richest and most distant known, were identified on the basis of [3.6]-[4.5] color from a 408hr multi-cycle Spitzer program targeting 420 distant radio-loud AGN. We report the spectroscopic confirmation of 16 distant structures at 1.4<z<2.8 associated with the targeted powerful high-redshift radio-loud AGN. We also report the serendipitous discovery and spectroscopic confirmation of seven additional structures at 0.87<z<2.12 not associated with the targeted radio-loud AGN. We find that 10^10^-10^11^M_{sun}_ member galaxies of our confirmed CARLA structures form significantly fewer stars than their field counterparts at all redshifts within 1.4<=z<=2. We also observe higher star-forming activity in the structure cores up to z=2, finding similar trends as cluster surveys at slightly lower redshifts (1.0<z<1.5). By design, our efficient strategy of obtaining just two grism orbits per field only obtains spectroscopic confirmation of emission line galaxies. Deeper spectroscopy will be required to study the population of evolved, massive galaxies in these (forming) clusters. Lacking multi-band coverage of the fields, we adopt a very conservative approach of calling all confirmations "structures," although we note that a number of features are consistent with some of them being bona fide galaxy clusters. Together this survey represents a unique and large homogenous sample of spectroscopically confirmed structures at high redshifts, potentially more than doubling the census of confirmed, massive clusters at z>1.4.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/442/1049
- Title:
- HST gz magnitude of NGC 1023 star clusters
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/442/1049
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Faint fuzzies (FFs) are a relatively new class of star cluster, first found in the nearby S0 galaxy NGC 1023 by Larsen & Brodie (2000AJ....120.2938L) using Wide Field Planetary Camera 2 (WFPC2) images from the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). Here, we investigate the star cluster system of NGC 1023 using an eight pointing mosaic of Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) images from HST. We identify blue and red normal globular clusters (two of which are particularly luminous and dense) and two ultracompact dwarf objects (with effective radius ~10pc). With our more complete spatial coverage, we also find 81 red and 27 blue FFs. We confirm the association of the red FFs with the disc of NGC 1023, consistent with them being long-lived open clusters. Half of the blue FFs appear to be associated with the dwarf satellite galaxy NGC 1023A (which was largely absent from the original HST/WFPC2 coverage), while the remainder are spatially coincident with the densest HI gas that surrounds NGC 1023. The blue FFs have colours that are consistent with young (few 100Myr old) star clusters that formed during the most recent interaction between NGC 1023 and its satellite NGC 1023A.
