- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/469/451
- Title:
- Radio continuum spectra of GPS galaxies
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/469/451
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Recent studies have shown that a remarkable share of quasars classified in the literature as gigahertz-peaked spectrum (GPS) sources and high frequency peakers (HFPs) are actually flaring flat-spectrum sources or blazars. Thus, at least among the quasar-type samples, genuine GPS sources and HFPs seem to be rare. We have studied variability and the shape of the radio continuum spectra of a sample of 96 galaxy-type GPS sources and HFPs in order to find out whether there is a similar contamination in the galaxy-type samples.
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- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/VIII/108
- Title:
- Radio core dominance of Fermi/LAT-detected AGNs
- Short Name:
- VIII/108
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present a sample of 4388 AGNs with available radio core-dominance parameters-defined as the ratio of the core flux densities to the extended ones, R=S_core_/S_ext._ - which includes 630 Fermi-detected AGNs from the fourth source catalog (4FGL) of the Fermi Large Area Telescope (Fermi/LAT); the rest are non-Fermi-detected AGNs. In our sample, 584 blazars are Fermi-detected and 1310 are not. The sample also contains other subclasses, such as Seyferts, Fanaroff-Riley I/II galaxies, and normal galaxies. We investigate various properties of the Fermi-detected and non-Fermi-detected AGNs by using core-dominance parameters, capitalizing on a previous study which showed that R is a good indicator of beaming. We then calculate radio spectral indices for the whole sample, and adopt {gamma}-ray-photon indices for the Fermi AGNs from the 4FGL catalog to discuss the properties of different subclasses. We obtain a relation between the core-dominance parameters and the radio spectral indices for both Fermi and non-Fermi sources, assuming a two-component model in the radio band. Our previous study ruled out the assumption that the core-dominance parameters and radio spectral indices are quite different for different AGN subclasses. This holds not only for Fermi sources but also for non-Fermi sources. In particular, R is, on average, greater for the former AGNs than for the latter. In this study, we enlarge our sample with available values of R to 4388 AGNs, and the obtained conclusions are consistent with our previous study. We assume that the same two-component model holds for the {gamma}-ray band as for the radio band, and therefore, adopt the same relation between the core-dominance parameters and the {gamma}-ray-photon indices for Fermi AGNs. Our fitting results indicate that the {gamma}-ray emissions of Fermi blazars originate mainly from the jet, and therefore, we conclude that the Fermi blazars are beamed.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/455/4191
- Title:
- Radio emission from radio-quiet quasars
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/455/4191
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Radio emission from radio-quiet quasars may be due to star formation in the quasar host galaxy, to a jet launched by the supermassive black hole, or to relativistic particles accelerated in a wide-angle radiatively driven outflow. In this paper, we examine whether radio emission from radio-quiet quasars is a byproduct of star formation in their hosts. To this end, we use infrared spectroscopy and photometry from Spitzer and Herschel to estimate or place upper limits on star formation rates in hosts of ~300 obscured and unobscured quasars at z<1. We find that low-ionization forbidden emission lines such as [NeII] and [NeIII] are likely dominated by quasar ionization and do not provide reliable star formation diagnostics in quasar hosts, while polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) emission features may be suppressed due to the destruction of PAH molecules by the quasar radiation field. While the bolometric luminosities of our sources are dominated by the quasars, the 160{mu}m fluxes are likely dominated by star formation, but they too should be used with caution. We estimate median star formation rates to be 6-29M_{sun}_/yr, with obscured quasars at the high end of this range. This star formation rate is insufficient to explain the observed radio emission from quasars by an order of magnitude, with log(L_radio,obs_/L_radio,SF_)=0.6-1.3 depending on quasar type and star formation estimator. Although radio-quiet quasars in our sample lie close to the 8-1000{mu}m infrared/radio correlation characteristic of the star-forming galaxies, both their infrared emission and their radio emission are dominated by the quasar activity, not by the host galaxy.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/768/37
- Title:
- Radio emission from SDSS quasars
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/768/37
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We used the 1.4GHz NVSS to study radio sources in two color-selected QSO samples: a volume-limited sample of 1313 QSOs defined by M_i_<-23 in the redshift range 0.2<z<0.45 and a magnitude-limited sample of 2471 QSOs with m_r_<=18.5 and 1.8<z<2.5. About 10% were detected above the 2.4mJy NVSS catalog limit and are powered primarily by active galactic nuclei (AGNs). The space density of the low-redshift QSOs evolves as {rho}{prop.to}(1+z)^6^. In both redshift ranges the flux-density distributions and luminosity functions of QSOs stronger than 2.4mJy are power laws, with no features to suggest more than one kind of radio source. Extrapolating the power laws to lower luminosities predicts the remaining QSOs should be extremely radio quiet, but they are not. Most were detected statistically on the NVSS images with median peak flux densities S_p_(mJy/beam){approx}0.3 and 0.05 in the low- and high-redshift samples, corresponding to spectral luminosities log [L_1.4GHz_(W/Hz)]{approx}22.7 and 24.1, respectively. We suggest that the faint radio sources are powered by star formation at rates dM/dt~20M_{sun}_/yr in the moderate luminosity (median <M_i_>{approx}-23.4) low-redshift QSOs and dM/dt~500M_{sun}_/yr in the very luminous (<M_i_>{approx}-27.5) high-redshift QSOs. Such luminous starbursts [<log(L_IR_/L_{sun}_)>~11.2 and 12.6, respectively] are consistent with "quasar mode" accretion in which cold gas flows fuel both AGN and starburst.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/650/A83
- Title:
- Radio flux densities of neutrino associations
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/650/A83
- Date:
- 22 Feb 2022
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Identifying the most likely sources for high-energy neutrino emission has been one of the main topics in high-energy astrophysics ever since the first observation of high-energy neutrinos by the IceCube Neutrino Observatory. Active galactic nuclei with relativistic jets, also known as blazars, have been considered to be one of the main candidates because of their ability to accelerate particles to high energies. We study the connection between radio emission and IceCube neutrino events using data from the Owens Valley Radio Observatory (OVRO) and Metsahovi Radio Observatory blazar monitoring programs. We identify sources in our radio monitoring sample that are positionally consistent with IceCube high-energy neutrino events. We estimate their mean flux density and variability amplitudes around the neutrino arrival time, and compare these with values from random samples to establish the significance of our results. We find radio source associations within our samples with 15 high-energy neutrino events detected by IceCube. Nearly half of the associated sources are not detected in the {gamma}-ray energies, but their radio variability properties and Doppler boosting factors are similar to the {gamma}-ray detected objects in our sample, meaning that they could still be potential neutrino emitters. We find that the number of strongly flaring objects in our statistically complete OVRO samples is unlikely to be a random coincidence (at 2{sigma} level). Based on our results, we conclude that although it is clear that not all neutrino events are associated with strong radio flaring blazars, observations of large-amplitude radio flares in a blazar at the same time as a neutrino event are unlikely to be a random coincidence.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/477/830
- Title:
- Radio flux density of extremely red quasars
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/477/830
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Most active galactic nuclei (AGNs) are radio quiet, and the origin of their radio emission is not well understood. One hypothesis is that this radio emission is a byproduct of quasar-driven winds. In this paper, we present the radio properties of 108 extremely red quasars (ERQs) at z=2-4. ERQs are among the most luminous quasars (L_bol_~10^47-48^erg/s^) in the Universe, with signatures of extreme (>>1000km/s) outflows in their [OIII]{lambda}5007{AA} emission, making them the best subjects to seek the connection between radio and outflow activities. All ERQs but one are unresolved in the radio on ~10kpc scales, and the median radio luminosity of ERQs is {nu}L_{nu}_[6GHz]= 10^41.0^erg/s, in the radio-quiet regime, but 1-2 orders of magnitude higher than that of other quasar samples. The radio spectra are steep, with a mean spectral index <{alpha}>=-1.0. In addition, ERQs neatly follow the extrapolation of the low-redshift correlation between radio luminosity and the velocity dispersion of [OIII]-emitting ionized gas. Uncollimated winds, with a power of one per cent of the bolometric luminosity, can account for all these observations. Such winds would interact with and shock the gas around the quasar and in the host galaxy, resulting in acceleration of relativistic particles and the consequent synchrotron emission observed in the radio. Our observations support the picture in which ERQs are signposts of extremely powerful episodes of quasar feedback, and quasar-driven winds as a contributor of the radio emission in the intermediate regime of radio luminosity {nu}L_{nu}_=10^39^-10^42^erg/s.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/151/79
- Title:
- Radio fluxes of 195 ICRF2-Gaia transfer sources
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/151/79
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The second realization of the International Celestial Reference Frame (ICRF2), which is the current fundamental celestial reference frame adopted by the International Astronomical Union, is based on Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) data at radio frequencies in X band and S band. The European Space Agency's Gaia mission, launched on 2013 December 19, started routine scientific operations in 2014 July. By scanning the whole sky, it is expected to observe ~500000 Quasi Stellar Objects in the optical domain an average of 70 times each during the five years of the mission. This means that, in the future, two extragalactic celestial reference frames, at two different frequency domains, will coexist. It will thus be important to align them very accurately. In 2012, the Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Bordeaux (LAB) selected 195 sources from ICRF2 that will be observed by Gaia and should be suitable for aligning the radio and optical frames: they are called ICRF2-Gaia transfer sources. The LAB submitted a proposal to the International VLBI Service (IVS) to regularly observe these ICRF2-Gaia transfer sources at the same rate as Gaia observes them in the optical realm, e.g., roughly once a month. We describe our successful effort to implement such a program and report on the results. Most observations of the ICRF2-Gaia transfer sources now occur automatically as part of the IVS source monitoring program, while a subset of 37 sources requires special attention. Beginning in 2013, we scheduled 25 VLBI sessions devoted in whole or in part to measuring these 37 sources. Of the 195 sources, all but one have been successfully observed in the 12 months prior to 2015 September 01. Of the sources, 87 met their observing target of 12 successful sessions per year. The position uncertainties of all of the ICRF2-Gaia transfer sources have improved since the start of this observing program. For a subset of 24 sources whose positions were very poorly known, the uncertainty has decreased, on average, by a factor of four. This observing program is successful because the two main goals were reached for most of the 195 ICRF2-Gaia transfer sources: observing at the requested target of 12 successful sessions per year and improving the position uncertainties to better than 200{mu}as for both R.A. and decl. However, scheduling some of the transfer sources remains a challenge because of network geometry and the weakness of the sources, and this will be one focus of future sessions used in this ongoing program.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/303/420
- Title:
- Radio galaxies and quasars
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/303/420
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The simple unification scheme of powerful radio galaxies and quasars, based entirely on the orientation dependent effects, has been confronted with the observed radio structures for 152 radio galaxies and 173 steep spectrum quasars. Contrary to the scheme's prediction, the cosmological evolution of geometrical parameters describing the large scale structure of these two types of radio sources are different.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/461/2346
- Title:
- Radio-loud and radio-quiet quasars sample
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/461/2346
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We compare covering factors of circumnuclear dusty obscurers in radio-loud and radio-quiet quasars. The radio-loud quasars are represented by a sample of FR II quasars obtained by cross-matching a catalog of the FR II radio sources selected by van Velzen et al. with the SDSS DR7 catalog of quasars. Covering factors of FR II quasars are compared with covering factors of the radio-quiet quasars matched with them in redshift, black hole mass, and Eddington-ratio. We found that covering factors, proxied by the infrared-to-bolometric luminosity ratio, are on average slightly smaller in FR II quasars than in radio-quiet quasars, however, this difference is statistically significant only for the highest Eddington ratios. For both samples, no statistically significant dependence of a median covering factor on Eddington ratio, black hole mass, nor redshift can be claimed.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/363/141
- Title:
- Radio-loud galaxies in the ROSAT survey. IV.
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/363/141
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present multi-frequency radio data for 741 extragalactic sources with a 5GHz integrated flux density of >100mJy. These sources have been selected from a cross-correlation of an early ROSAT All-Sky Survey source list with a list of compact radio sources of the 5GHz Green Bank northern sky survey (RGB sample, Cat. <VIII/52>). The majority of sources were quasi-simultaneously observed with the Effelsberg 100-m telescope at 11cm, 6cm, and 2.8cm. We have determined the spectrum, size and linear polarization properties of these sources. We compare the radio data with ROSAT measurements and optical data. We find that the X-ray selected radio sources, when compared with unbiased radio source samples, are on average slightly more compact, show a higher fractional polarization, a higher absolute rotation measure (RM), and have flatter spectra. Absolute RMs are larger for steep spectrum than for flat spectrum sources and for extended than for compact sources. The average redshift increases with the radio flux density, which indicates that the X-ray selected radio sources have a larger fraction of beamed radio emission. All source characteristics of the sample are in accordance with present unification schemes for AGN, where X-ray selected sources are preferably looked at face on.
