- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/687/78
- Title:
- FeII emission in quasars
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/687/78
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Broad FeII emission is a prominent feature of the optical and ultraviolet spectra of quasars. We report on a systematical investigation of optical FeII emission in a large sample of 4037 z<0.8 quasars selected from the SDSS-DR5 quasar catalog (Cat. VII/252). We have developed and tested a detailed line-fitting technique, taking into account the complex continuum and narrow and broad emission-line spectra. Our primary goal is to quantify the velocity broadening and velocity shift of the FeII spectrum in order to constrain the location of the FeII-emitting region and its relation to the broad-line region. We find that the majority of quasars show FeII emission that is redshifted, typically by ~400km/s, but up to 2000km/s, with respect to the systemic velocity of the narrow-line region or of the conventional broad-line region as traced by the H{beta} line. Moreover, the line width of FeII is significantly narrower than that of the broad component of H{beta}. We show that the magnitude of the FeII redshift correlates inversely with the Eddington ratio, and that there is a tendency for sources with redshifted FeII emission to show red asymmetry in the H{beta} line. These characteristics strongly suggest that FeII originates from a location different from, and most likely exterior to, the region that produces most of H{beta}. The FeII-emitting zone traces a portion of the broad-line region of intermediate velocities whose dynamics may be dominated by infall.
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- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/557/A100
- Title:
- Fermi and Swift GRBs E_peak_-E_iso_ relation
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/557/A100
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We used a sample of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) detected by Fermi and Swift to reanalyze the correlation discovered by Amati et al. (2002A&A...390...81A) between E_pi_, the peak energy of the prompt GRB emission, and E_iso_, the energy released by the GRB assuming isotropic emission. This correlation has been disputed by various authors, and our aim is to assess whether it is an intrinsic GRB property or the consequence of selection effects. We constructed a sample of Fermi GRBs with homogeneous selection criteria, and we studied their distribution in the E_pi_-E_iso_ plane. Our sample is made of 43 GRBs with a redshift and 243 GRBs without a redshift. We show that GRBs with a redshift follow a broad E_pi_-E_iso_ relation, while GRBs without a redshift show several outliers. We use these samples to discuss the impact of selection effects associated with GRB detection and with redshift measurement.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/562/A64
- Title:
- Fermi detection of BL Lac objects
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/562/A64
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- By cross-correlating an archival sample of 170 BL Lacs with a 2 year Fermi/LAT AGN sample, we have compiled a sample of 100 BL Lacs with Fermi detection (FBLs) and a sample of 70 non-Fermi BL Lacs (NFBLs). We compared various parameters of FBLs with those of NFBLs, including the redshift, the low-frequency radio luminosity at 408MHz (L_408MHz_), the absolute magnitude of host galaxies (M_host_), the polarization fraction from the NVSS survey (P_NVSS_), the observed arcsecond scale radio core flux at 5GHz (F_core_), and the jet Doppler factor. All these parameters are directly measured or derived from available data in the literature. We found that the Doppler factor is on average greater in FBLs than in NFBLs, and the Fermi {gamma}-ray detection rate is higher in sources with higher Doppler factor. In contrast, there are no significant differences in terms of the intrinsic parameters of redshift, L_408MHz_, M_host_, and P_NVSS_. FBLs seem to have a higher probability of exhibiting measurable proper motion.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/811/93
- Title:
- Fermi/GBM GRB minimum timescales
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/811/93
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We constrain the minimum variability timescales for 938 gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) observed by the Fermi/Gamma-ray Burst Monitor instrument prior to 2012 July 11. The tightest constraints on progenitor radii derived from these timescales are obtained from light curves in the hardest energy channel. In the softer bands --or from measurements of the same GRBs in the hard X-rays from Swift-- we show that variability timescales tend to be a factor of two to three longer. Applying a survival analysis to account for detections and upper limits, we find median minimum timescale in the rest frame for long-duration and short-duration GRBs of 45 and 10ms, respectively. Less than 10% of GRBs show evidence for variability on timescales below 2ms. These shortest timescales require Lorentz factors >~400 and imply typical emission radii R~1x10^14^cm for long-duration GRBs and R~3x10^13^cm for short-duration GRBs. We discuss implications for the GRB fireball model and investigate whether or not GRB minimum timescales evolve with cosmic time.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/806/52
- Title:
- 8 Fermi GRB afterglows follow-up
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/806/52
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope has greatly expanded the number and energy window of observations of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). However, the coarse localizations of tens to a hundred square degrees provided by the Fermi GRB Monitor instrument have posed a formidable obstacle to locating the bursts' host galaxies, measuring their redshifts, and tracking their panchromatic afterglows. We have built a target-of-opportunity (TOO) mode for the intermediate Palomar Transient Factory (iPTF) in order to perform targeted searches for Fermi afterglows. Here, we present the results of one year of this program: 8 afterglow discoveries out of 35 searches. Two of the bursts with detected afterglows (GRBs 130702A and 140606B) were at low redshift (z=0.145 and 0.384, respectively) and had spectroscopically confirmed broad-line Type Ic supernovae. We present our broadband follow-up including spectroscopy as well as X-ray, UV, optical, millimeter, and radio observations. We study possible selection effects in the context of the total Fermi and Swift GRB samples. We identify one new outlier on the Amati relation. We find that two bursts are consistent with a mildly relativistic shock breaking out from the progenitor star rather than the ultra-relativistic internal shock mechanism that powers standard cosmological bursts. Finally, in the context of the Zwicky Transient Facility, we discuss how we will continue to expand this effort to find optical counterparts of binary neutron star mergers that may soon be detected by Advanced LIGO and Virgo.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/722/L7
- Title:
- Fermi/LAT detected MOJAVE AGNs
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/722/L7
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We report the detection of a non-zero time delay between radio emission measured by the VLBA at 15.4GHz and {gamma}-ray radiation ({gamma}-ray leads radio) registered by the Large Area Telescope (LAT) on board the Fermi Gamma-Ray Space Telescope for a sample of 183 radio and {gamma}-ray bright active galactic nuclei. For the correlation analysis, we used 0.1-100GeV {gamma}-ray photon fluxes, taken from monthly binned measurements from the first Fermi LAT catalog (1FGL; Abdo et al. 2010, Cat. J/ApJS/188/405), and 15.4GHz radio flux densities from the MOJAVE VLBA program (Lister et al. 2009, Cat. J/AJ/137/3718). The correlation is most pronounced if the core flux density is used, strongly indicating that the {gamma}-ray emission is generated within the compact region of the 15GHz VLBA core. Determining the Pearson's r and Kendall's {tau} correlation coefficients for different time lags, we find that for the majority of sources the radio/{gamma}-ray delay ranges from 1 to 8 months in the observer's frame and peaks at approximately 1.2 months in the source's frame. We interpret the primary source of the time delay to be synchrotron opacity in the nuclear region.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/643/A103
- Title:
- Fermi-LATi sources low-energy counterparts
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/643/A103
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- A significant fraction of all gamma-ray sources detected by the Large Area Telescope aboard the Fermi satellite is still lacking a low-energy counterpart. In addition, there is still a large population of gamma-ray sources with associated low-energy counterparts that lack firm classifications. In the last 10 years we have undertaken an optical spectroscopic campaign to address the problem of unassociated or unidentified gamma-ray sources (UGSs), mainly devoted to observing blazars and blazar candidates because they are the largest population of gamma-ray sources associated to date. Here we describe the overall impact of our optical spectroscopic campaign on sources associated in Fermi-LAT catalogs, coupled with objects found in the literature. In the literature search we kept track of efforts by different teams that presented optical spectra of counterparts or potential counterparts of Fermi-LAT catalog sources. Our summary includes an analysis of additional 30 newly collected optical spectra of counterparts or potential counterparts of Fermi-LAT sources of a previously unknown nature. Methods. New spectra were acquired at the Blanco 4m and OAN-SPM 2.1m telescopes, and those available in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (data release 15) archive. All new sources with optical spectra analyzed here are classified as blazars. Thanks to our campaign, altogether we discovered and classified 394 targets with an additional 123 objects collected from a literature search. We began our optical spectroscopic campaign between the release of the second and third Fermi-LAT source catalogs (2FGL and 3FGL, respectively), classified about 25% of the sources that had uncertain nature and discovered a blazar-like potential counterpart for ~10% of UGSs listed therein. In the 4FGL catalog, about 350 Fermi-LAT sources have been classified to date thanks to our campaign. The most elusive class of blazars are found to be BL Lacs since the largest fraction of Fermi-LAT sources targeted in our observations showed a featureless optical spectrum. The same conclusion applied to the literature spectra. Finally, we confirm the high reliability of mid-IR color-based methods to select blazar-like candidate counterparts of unassociated or unidentified gamma-ray sources.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/840/21
- Title:
- FIR data of IR-bright dust-obscured galaxies (DOGs)
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/840/21
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We investigate the star-forming activity of a sample of infrared (IR)-bright dust-obscured galaxies (DOGs) that show an extreme red color in the optical and IR regime, (i-[22])_AB_>7.0. Combining an IR-bright DOG sample with the flux at 22{mu}m>3.8mJy discovered by Toba & Nagao (2016ApJ...820...46T) with the IRAS faint source catalog version 2 and AKARI far-IR (FIR) all-sky survey bright source catalog version 2, we selected 109 DOGs with FIR data. For a subsample of seven IR-bright DOGs with spectroscopic redshifts (0.07<z<1.0) that were obtained from the literature, we estimated their IR luminosity, star formation rate (SFR), and stellar mass based on the spectral energy distribution fitting. We found that (1) the WISE 22{mu}m luminosity at the observed frame is a good indicator of IR luminosity for IR-bright DOGs and (2) the contribution of the active galactic nucleus to IR luminosity increases with IR luminosity. By comparing the stellar mass and SFR relation for our DOG sample and the literature, we found that most of the IR-bright DOGs lie significantly above the main sequence of star-forming galaxies at similar redshift, indicating that the majority of IRAS- or AKARI-detected IR-bright DOGs are starburst galaxies.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/682/985
- Title:
- FIREWORKS photometry of GOODS CDF-S
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/682/985
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present a Ks-selected catalog, dubbed FIREWORKS, for the Chandra Deep Field-South (CDF-S) containing photometry in the U_38_, B_435_, B, V, V_606_, R, i_775_, I, z_850_, J, H, Ks, [3.6um], [4.5um], [5.8um], [8.0um], and MIPS [24um] bands. The imaging has a typical K^tot^_s,AB_ limit of 24.3mag (5{sigma}) and coverage over 113arcmin^2^ in all bands and 138arcmin^2^ in all bands but H. We cross-correlate our catalog with the 1Ms X-ray catalog by Giacconi et al. (2002, Cat. J/ApJS/139/369) and with all available spectroscopic redshifts to date. We find and explain systematic differences in a comparison with the "z_850_+Ks"-selected GOODS-MUSIC catalog (Cat. J/A+A/449/951) that covers ~90% of the field. We exploit the U_38_-to-24um photometry to determine which Ks-selected galaxies at 1.5<z<2.5 have the brightest total IR luminosities and which galaxies contribute most to the integrated total IR emission. The answer to both questions is that red galaxies are dominating in the IR. This is true no matter whether color is defined in the rest-frame UV, optical, or optical-near-IR. We do find, however, that among the reddest galaxies in the rest-frame optical, there is a population of sources with only little mid-IR emission, suggesting a quiescent nature.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/811/58
- Title:
- FIR properties of SDSS 0.1<z<5 quasars
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/811/58
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Using the public data from the Herschel wide-field surveys, we study the far-infrared properties of optical-selected quasars from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. Within the common area of ~172deg^2^, we have identified the far-infrared counterparts for 354 quasars, among which 134 are highly secure detections in the Herschel 250um band (signal-to-noise ratios >=5). This sample is the largest far-infrared quasar sample of its kind, and spans a wide redshift range of 0.14<=z<=4.7. Their far-infrared spectral energy distributions, which are due to the cold-dust components within the host galaxies, are consistent with being heated by active star formation. In most cases (>~80%), their total infrared luminosities as inferred from only their far-infrared emissions (L_IR_^(cd)^) already exceed 10^12^L_{sun}_, and thus these objects qualify as ultra-luminous infrared galaxies. There is no correlation between L_IR_^(cd)^ and the absolute magnitudes, the black hole masses or the X-ray luminosities of the quasars, which further support that their far-infrared emissions are not due to their active galactic nuclei. A large fraction of these objects (>~50%-60%) have star-formation rates >~300M_{sun}_/yr. Such extreme starbursts among optical quasars, however, is only a few percent. This fraction varies with redshift, and peaks at around z~2. Among the entire sample, 136 objects have secure estimates of their cold-dust temperatures (T), and we find that there is a dramatic increasing trend of T with increasing L_IR_^(cd)^. We interpret this trend as the envelope of the general distribution of infrared galaxies on the (T, L_IR_^(cd)^) plane.
