- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/151/68
- Title:
- Kepler Mission. VII. Eclipsing binaries in DR3
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/151/68
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The primary Kepler Mission provided nearly continuous monitoring of ~200000 objects with unprecedented photometric precision. We present the final catalog of eclipsing binary systems within the 105deg^2^ Kepler field of view. This release incorporates the full extent of the data from the primary mission (Q0-Q17 Data Release). As a result, new systems have been added, additional false positives have been removed, ephemerides and principal parameters have been recomputed, classifications have been revised to rely on analytical models, and eclipse timing variations have been computed for each system. We identify several classes of systems including those that exhibit tertiary eclipse events, systems that show clear evidence of additional bodies, heartbeat systems, systems with changing eclipse depths, and systems exhibiting only one eclipse event over the duration of the mission. We have updated the period and galactic latitude distribution diagrams and included a catalog completeness evaluation. The total number of identified eclipsing and ellipsoidal binary systems in the Kepler field of view has increased to 2878, 1.3% of all observed Kepler targets. An online version of this catalog with downloadable content and visualization tools is maintained at http://keplerEBs.villanova.edu/.
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- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/151/101
- Title:
- Kepler Mission. VIII. 285 false positives
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/151/101
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The Kepler mission has provided unprecedented, nearly continuous photometric data of ~200000 objects in the ~105deg^2^ field of view (FOV) from the beginning of science operations in May of 2009 until the loss of the second reaction wheel in May of 2013. The Kepler Eclipsing Binary Catalog contains information including but not limited to ephemerides, stellar parameters, and analytical approximation fits for every known eclipsing binary system in the Kepler FOV. Using target pixel level data collected from Kepler in conjunction with the Kepler Eclipsing Binary Catalog, we identify false positives among eclipsing binaries, i.e., targets that are not eclipsing binaries themselves, but are instead contaminated by eclipsing binary sources nearby on the sky and show eclipsing binary signatures in their light curves. We present methods for identifying these false positives and for extracting new light curves for the true source of the observed binary signal. For each source, we extract three separate light curves for each quarter of available data by optimizing the signal-to-noise ratio, the relative percent eclipse depth, and the flux eclipse depth. We present 289 new eclipsing binaries in the Kepler FOV that were not targets for observation, and these have been added to the catalog. An online version of this catalog with downloadable content and visualization tools is maintained at http://keplerEBs.villanova.edu/.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/224/12
- Title:
- Kepler planetary candidates. VII. 48-month
- Short Name:
- J/ApJS/224/12
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present the seventh Kepler planet candidate (PC) catalog, which is the first catalog to be based on the entire, uniformly processed 48-month Kepler data set. This is the first fully automated catalog, employing robotic vetting procedures to uniformly evaluate every periodic signal detected by the Q1-Q17 Data Release 24 (DR24) Kepler pipeline. While we prioritize uniform vetting over the absolute correctness of individual objects, we find that our robotic vetting is overall comparable to, and in most cases superior to, the human vetting procedures employed by past catalogs. This catalog is the first to utilize artificial transit injection to evaluate the performance of our vetting procedures and to quantify potential biases, which are essential for accurate computation of planetary occurrence rates. With respect to the cumulative Kepler Object of Interest (KOI) catalog, we designate 1478 new KOIs, of which 402 are dispositioned as PCs. Also, 237 KOIs dispositioned as false positives (FPs) in previous Kepler catalogs have their disposition changed to PC and 118 PCs have their disposition changed to FPs. This brings the total number of known KOIs to 8826 and PCs to 4696. We compare the Q1-Q17 DR24 KOI catalog to previous KOI catalogs, as well as ancillary Kepler catalogs, finding good agreement between them. We highlight new PCs that are both potentially rocky and potentially in the habitable zone of their host stars, many of which orbit solar-type stars. This work represents significant progress in accurately determining the fraction of Earth-size planets in the habitable zone of Sun-like stars.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/648/A113
- Title:
- Kepler red giants in eclipsing binaries RVs
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/648/A113
- Date:
- 22 Feb 2022
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Eclipsing binaries (EBs) are unique targets for measuring accurate stellar properties and constraining stellar evolution models. In particular, it is possible to measure masses and radii at the few percent level for both components of a double-lined spectroscopic EB (SB2-EB). On the one hand, detached EBs hosting at least one star with detectable solar-like oscillations constitute ideal test objects to verify the ability of ensemble asteroseismology to derive stellar properties. On the other hand, the oscillations and surface activity of stars that belong to EBs offer unique information about the evolution of binary systems. This paper builds upon previous works dedicated to red giant stars (RG) in EBs; so far 20 known systems have been discovered by the NASA Kepler mission. We report the discovery of 16 RGs in EBs, which are also from the Kepler data, leading to a total of 36 confirmed RG stars in EBs from the original Kepler mission. This new sample includes three SB2-EBs with oscillations, resulting in a total of 14 known SB2-EBs with an oscillating RG component. This sample also includes six close systems in which the RG display a clear surface activity and complete oscillation suppression. Based on dedicated high-resolution spectroscopic observations (Apache Point Observatory, Observatoire de Haute Provence), we focus on three main aspects. Firstly, from the extended sample of 14 SB2-EBs, we confirm that the simple application of the asteroseismic scaling relations to RGs overestimates masses and radii of RGs by about 15% and 5 %. This bias can be reduced by employing either new asteroseismic reference values for RGs or model-based corrections of the asteroseismic parameters. Secondly, we confirm that close binarity leads to a high level of photometric modulation (up to 10%) and a suppression of solar-like oscillations. In particular, we show that it reduces the lifetime of radial modes by a factor of up to 10. Thirdly, we use our 16 new systems to complement previous observational studies that aimed to constrain tidal dissipation in interacting binaries. We confirm the important role of the equilibrium tide in binary evolution, but we also identify systems with circular orbits despite relatively young ages, which suggests the need to explore complementary tidal dissipation mechanisms in the future. Finally, as a by-product, we report the measurements of mass, radius, and age of three M-dwarf companion stars.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/529/A89
- Title:
- Kepler satellite variability study
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/529/A89
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present the results of an automated variability analysis of the Kepler public data measured in the first quarter (Q1) of the mission. In total, about 150000 light curves have been analysed to detect stellar variability, and to identify new members of known variability classes. We also focus on the detection of variables present in eclipsing binary systems, given the important constraints on stellar fundamental parameters they can provide. The methodology we use here is based on the automated variability classification pipeline which was previously developed for and applied successfully to the CoRoT exofield database and to the limited subset of a few thousand Kepler asteroseismology light curves. We use a Fourier decomposition of the light curves to describe their variability behaviour and use the resulting parameters to perform a supervised classification. Several improvements have been made, including a separate extractor method to detect the presence of eclipses when other variability is present in the light curves. We also included two new variability classes compared to previous work: variables showing signs of rotational modulation and of activity. Statistics are given on the number of variables and the number of good candidates per class. A comparison is made with results obtained for the CoRoT exoplanet data. We present some special discoveries, including variable stars in eclipsing binary systems. Many new candidate non-radial pulsators are found, mainly Delta Sct and Gamma Dor stars. We have studied those samples in more detail by using 2MASS colours. The full classification results are made available as an online catalogue.
296. Kepler triples
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/455/4136
- Title:
- Kepler triples
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/455/4136
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We produce and analyse eclipse time variation (ETV) curves for some 2600 Kepler binaries. We find good to excellent evidence for a third body in 222 systems via either the light-travel-time (LTTE) or dynamical effect delays. Approximately half of these systems have been discussed in previous work, while the rest are newly reported here. Via detailed analysis of the ETV curves using high-level analytic approximations, we are able to extract system masses and information about the three-dimensional characteristics of the triple for 62 systems which exhibit both LTTE and dynamical delays; for the remaining 160 systems, we give improved LTTE solutions. New techniques of pre-processing the flux time series are applied to eliminate false positive triples and to enhance the ETV curves. The set of triples with outer orbital periods shorter than ~2000d is now sufficiently numerous for meaningful statistical analysis. We find that (i) there is a peak near i_m_=~40{deg} in the distribution of the triple versus inner binary mutual inclination angles that provides strong confirmation of the operation of Kozai-Lidov cycles with tidal friction; (ii) the median eccentricity of the third-body orbits is e_2_=0.35; (iii) there is a deficit of triple systems with binary periods <~1d and outer periods between ~50 and 200d which might help guide the refinement of theories of the formation and evolution of close binaries; and (iv) the substantial fraction of Kepler binaries which have third-body companions is consistent with a very large fraction of all binaries being part of triples.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/835/189
- Title:
- KIC 11401845 eclipse timings
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/835/189
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We report the Kepler photometry of KIC 11401845 displaying multiperiodic pulsations, superimposed on binary effects. Light-curve synthesis shows that the binary star is a short-period detached system with a very low mass ratio of q=0.070 and filling factors of F_1_=45% and F_2_=99%. Multiple-frequency analyses were applied to the light residuals after subtracting the synthetic eclipsing curve from the observed data. We detected 23 frequencies with signal-to-noise ratios larger than 4.0, of which the orbital harmonics (f_4_, f_6_, f_9_, f_15_) in the low-frequency domain may originate from tidally excited modes. For the high frequencies of 13.7-23.8day^-1^, the period ratios and pulsation constants are in the ranges of P_pul_/P_orb_=0.020-0.034 and Q=0.018-0.031days, respectively. These values and the position on the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram demonstrate that the primary component is a {delta} Sct pulsating star. We examined the eclipse timing variation of KIC 11401845 from the pulsation-subtracted data and found a delay of 56+/-17s in the arrival times of the secondary eclipses relative to the primary eclipses. A possible explanation of the time shift may be some combination of a light-travel-time delay of about 34s and a very small eccentricity of e.cos{omega}<0.0002. This result represents the first measurement of the Romer delay in noncompact binaries.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/631/A126
- Title:
- KIC 9832227 light curves
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/631/A126
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We revisit the issue of period variation of the recently claimed red nova precursor candidate KIC 9832227. By using the data gathered during the main mission of the Kepler satellite, and data collected by ground-based wide-field surveys and other monitoring programs (such as ASAS-SN), we find that the currently available timing data strongly support a model consisting of the known W UMa binary and a distant low-mass companion with an orbital period of ~13.5 years. The period of the W UMa component exhibits a linear period decrease at a rate of (1.10+/-0.05)x10^-6^ days per year, within the range of many other similar systems. This rate of decrease is several orders of magnitude lower than that of V1309 Sco, the first (and so far the only) well-established binary precursor of a nova observed a few years before the outburst. The high-fidelity fit of the timing data and the conformity of the derived minimum mass of (0.38+/-0.02)M_{sun}_ of the outer companion from these data with the limit posed by the spectroscopic non-detection of this component are in agreement with the suggested hierarchical nature of this system.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/556/A56
- Title:
- KIC 11285625: list of detected frequencies
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/556/A56
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present the first binary modelling results for the pulsating eclipsing binary KIC 11285625, discovered by the Kepler mission. An automated method to disentangle the pulsation spectrum and the orbital variability in high quality light curves, was developed and applied. The goal was to obtain accurate orbital and component properties, in combination with essential information derived from spectroscopy. A binary model for KIC 11285625 was obtained, using a combined analysis of high-quality space-based Kepler light curves and ground-based high-resolution HERMES echelle spectra. The binary model was used to separate the pulsation characteristics from the orbital variability in the Kepler light curve in an iterative way. We used an automated procedure to perform this task, based on the JKTEBOP binary modelling code, and adapted codes for frequency analysis and prewhitening of periodic signals. Using a disentangling technique applied to the composite HERMES spectra, we obtained a higher signal-to-noise mean component spectrum for both the primary and the secondary. A model grid search method for fitting synthetic spectra was used for fundamental parameter determination for both components. Accurate orbital and component properties of KIC 11285625 were derived, and we have obtained the pulsation spectrum of the gamma Dor pulsator in the system. Detailed analysis of the pulsation spectrum revealed amplitude modulation on a time scale of a hundred days, and strong indications of frequency splittings at both the orbital frequency, and the rotational frequency derived from spectroscopy.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/563/A59
- Title:
- KIC 3858884: list of pulsation frequencies
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/563/A59
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Analysis of eclipsing binaries containing non-radial pulsators allows i) combining two different and independent sources of information on the internal structure and evolutionary status of the components and ii) studying the effects of tidal forces on pulsations. KIC 3858884 is a bright Kepler target whose light curve shows deep eclipses, complex pulsation patterns with pulsation frequencies typical of delta Sct, and a highly eccentric orbit. We present the result of the analysis of Kepler photometry and of high resolution phase-resolved spectroscopy. Spectroscopy yielded both the radial velocity curves and, after spectral disentangling, the primary-component effective temperature and metallicity, and line-of-sight projected rotational velocities. The Kepler light curve was analyzed with an iterative procedure that was devised to disentangle eclipses from pulsations and takes the visibility of the pulsating star into account during eclipses. The search for the best set of binary parameters was performed by combining the synthetic light curve models with a genetic minimization algorithm, which yielded a robust and accurate determination of the system parameters. The binary components have very similar masses (1.88 and 1.86M_{sun}_) and effective temperatures (6800 and 6600K), but different radii (3.45 and 3.05R_{sun}_). The comparison with the theoretical models showed a somewhat different evolutionary status of the components and the need to introduce overshooting in the models. The pulsation analysis indicates the hybrid nature of the pulsating (secondary) component, where the corresponding high order g-modes might be excited by an intrinsic mechanism or by tidal forces.
