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1301. Global SFR density over 0.7<z<1.9
ID:
ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/696/785
Title:
Global SFR density over 0.7<z<1.9
Short Name:
J/ApJ/696/785
Date:
21 Oct 2021
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
We determine the global star formation rate (SFR) density at 0.7<z<1.9 using emission-line-selected galaxies identified in Hubble Space Telescope-Near Infrared Camera and Multi-Object Spectrograph (HST-NICMOS) grism spectroscopy observations. Observing in a pure parallel mode throughout HST Cycles 12 and 13, our survey covers ~104arcmin^2^ from which we select 80 galaxies with likely redshifted H{alpha} emission lines. In several cases, a somewhat weaker [OIII] doublet emission is also detected.
1302. Globular cluster candidates in Low SB Galaxies
ID:
ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/442/85
Title:
Globular cluster candidates in Low SB Galaxies
Short Name:
J/A+A/442/85
Date:
21 Oct 2021
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
Fifty-seven nearby low surface brightness dwarf galaxies (-10>~M_V_>~-16) were searched for globular cluster candidates (GCCs) using Hubble Space Telescope WFPC2 imaging in V and I. The sample consists of 18 dwarf spheroidal (dSph), 36 irregular (dIrr), and 3 "transition" type (dIrr/dSph) galaxies with angular sizes less than 3.7kpc situated at distances 2-6Mpc in the field and in the nearby groups: M 81, Centaurus A, Sculptor, Canes Venatici I cloud.
1303. Globular cluster candidates in NGC 3115
ID:
ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/148/32
Title:
Globular cluster candidates in NGC 3115
Short Name:
J/AJ/148/32
Date:
21 Oct 2021
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
We present Hubble Space Telescope/Advanced Camera for Surveys (HST/ACS) g and z photometry and half-light radii R_h_ measurements of 360 globular cluster (GC) candidates around the nearby S0 galaxy NGC 3115. We also include Subaru/Suprime-Cam g, r, and i photometry of 421 additional candidates. The well-established color bimodality of the GC system is obvious in the HST/ACS photometry. We find evidence for a "blue tilt" in the blue GC subpopulation, wherein the GCs in the blue subpopulation get redder as luminosity increases, indicative of a mass-metallicity relationship. We find a color gradient in both the red and blue subpopulations, with each group of clusters becoming bluer at larger distances from NGC 3115. The gradient is of similar strength in both subpopulations, but is monotonic and more significant for the blue clusters. On average, the blue clusters have ~10% larger R_h_than the red clusters. This average difference is less than is typically observed for early-type galaxies but does match that measured in the literature for the Sombrero Galaxy (M104), suggesting that morphology and inclination may affect the measured size difference between the red and blue clusters. However, the scatter on the R_h_ measurements is large. We also identify 31 clusters more extended than typical GCs, which we term ultra-compact dwarf (UCD) candidates. Many of these objects are actually considerably fainter than typical UCDs. While it is likely that a significant number will be background contaminants, six of these UCD candidates are spectroscopically confirmed as NGC 3115 members. To explore the prevalence of low-mass X-ray binaries in the GC system, we match our ACS and Suprime-Cam detections to corresponding Chandra X-ray sources. We identify 45 X-ray-GC matches: 16 among the blue subpopulation and 29 among the red subpopulation. These X-ray/GC coincidence fractions are larger than is typical for most GC systems, probably due to the increased depth of the X-ray data compared to previous studies of GC systems.
1304. Globular cluster candidates in NGC4258
ID:
ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/835/184
Title:
Globular cluster candidates in NGC4258
Short Name:
J/ApJ/835/184
Date:
21 Oct 2021
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
We aim to explore the relationship between globular cluster total number, N_GC_, and central black hole mass, M_*_, in spiral galaxies, and compare it with that recently reported for ellipticals. We present results for the Sbc galaxy NGC 4258, from Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope data. Thanks to water masers with Keplerian rotation in a circumnuclear disk, NGC 4258 has the most precisely measured extragalactic distance and supermassive black hole mass to date. The globular cluster (GC) candidate selection is based on the (u*-i') versus (i'-Ks) diagram, which is a superb tool to distinguish GCs from foreground stars, background galaxies, and young stellar clusters, and hence can provide the best number counts of GCs from photometry alone, virtually free of contamination, even if the Galaxy is not completely edge-on. The mean optical and optical-near-infrared colors of the clusters are consistent with those of the Milky Way and M 31, after extinction is taken into account. We directly identify 39 GC candidates; after completeness correction, GC luminosity function extrapolation, and correction for spatial coverage, we calculate a total N_GC_=144+/-31_-36_^+38^ (random and systematic uncertainties, respectively). We have thus increased to six the sample of spiral galaxies with measurements of both M_*_ and N_GC_. NGC 4258 has a specific frequency S_N_=0.4+/-0.1 (random uncertainty), and is consistent within 2{sigma} with the N_GC_ versus M_*_ correlation followed by elliptical galaxies. The Milky Way continues to be the only spiral that deviates significantly from the relation.
1305. Globular cluster in nearby dwarf galaxies. II
ID:
ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/396/1075
Title:
Globular cluster in nearby dwarf galaxies. II
Short Name:
J/MNRAS/396/1075
Date:
21 Oct 2021
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
We compare nuclear globular clusters (nGCs) in dwarf galaxies and Galactic GCs with extended (hot) horizontal branches (EHB-GCs) in order to test the suggested external origin of the latter and the conditions at which GC self-enrichment can operate. Using luminosities and structural parameters of nGCs in low-mass (mainly late-type) dwarf galaxies from Hubble Space Telescope (HST)/Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) imaging, we derive the present-day escape velocities (Vesc) of stellar ejecta to reach the cluster tidal radius and compare them with those of EHB-GCs.
1306. Globular cluster populations in S4G galaxies
ID:
ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/799/159
Title:
Globular cluster populations in S4G galaxies
Short Name:
J/ApJ/799/159
Date:
21 Oct 2021
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
Using 3.6{mu}m images of 97 early-type galaxies, we develop and verify methodology to measure globular cluster populations from the S^4^G survey images. We find that (1) the ratio, T_N_, of the number of clusters, N_CL_, to parent galaxy stellar mass, M_*_, rises weakly with M_*_ for early-type galaxies with M_*_>10^10^M_{sun}_ when we calculate galaxy masses using a universal stellar initial mass function (IMF) but that the dependence of T_N_ on M_*_ is removed entirely once we correct for the recently uncovered systematic variation of IMF with M_*_; and (2) for M_*_<10^10^M_{sun}_, there is no trend between N_CL_ and M_*_, the scatter in T_N_is significantly larger (approaching two orders of magnitude), and there is evidence to support a previous, independent suggestion of two families of galaxies. The behavior of N_CL_ in the lower-mass systems is more difficult to measure because these systems are inherently cluster-poor, but our results may add to previous evidence that large variations in cluster formation and destruction efficiencies are to be found among low-mass galaxies. The average fraction of stellar mass in clusters is ~0.0014 for M_*_>10^10^M_{sun}_ and can be as large as ~0.02 for less massive galaxies. These are the first results from the S^4^G sample of galaxies and will be enhanced by the sample of early-type galaxies now being added to S^4^G and complemented by the study of later-type galaxies within S^4^G.
1307. Globular cluster populations in S4G galaxies. II.
ID:
ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/818/99
Title:
Globular cluster populations in S4G galaxies. II.
Short Name:
J/ApJ/818/99
Date:
21 Oct 2021
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
Using 3.6 and 4.5{mu}m images of 73 late-type, edge-on galaxies from the S^4^G survey, we compare the richness of the globular cluster populations of these galaxies to those of early-type galaxies that we measured previously. In general, the galaxies presented here fill in the distribution for galaxies with lower stellar mass, M_*_, specifically log(M_{star}_/M_{sun})<10, overlap the results for early-type galaxies of similar masses, and, by doing so, strengthen the case for a dependence of the number of globular clusters per 10^9^M_{sun}_ of galaxy stellar mass, T_N_, on M_*_. For 8.5<log(M_{star}_/M_{sun})<10.5 we find the relationship can be satisfactorily described as T_N_=(M_{star}_/10^6.7^)^-0.56^ when M_*_ is expressed in solar masses. The functional form of the relationship is only weakly constrained, and extrapolation outside this range is not advised. Our late-type galaxies, in contrast to our early types, do not show the tendency for low-mass galaxies to split into two T_N_ families. Using these results and a galaxy stellar mass function from the literature, we calculate that, in a volume-limited, local universe sample, clusters are most likely to be found around fairly massive galaxies (M_*_~10^10.8^M_{sun}_) and present a fitting function for the volume number density of clusters as a function of parent-galaxy stellar mass. We find no correlation between T_N_ and large-scale environment, but we do find a tendency for galaxies of fixed M_*_ to have larger T_N_ if they have converted a larger proportion of their baryons into stars.
1308. Globular clusters around NGC 1399
ID:
ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/105/1762
Title:
Globular clusters around NGC 1399
Short Name:
J/AJ/105/1762
Date:
21 Oct 2021
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
We have obtained integrated Washington photometry (C,M,T1) of globular cluster candidates in the field of NGC 1399. This galaxy, the dominant object in the Fornax cluster, shares with NGC 4486 (M87) the property of possessing one of the largest known specific frequencies of globulars. Conflicting evidence on the presence of a B-V color gradient as a function of galactocentric distance has been reported for this cluster system. Here we investigate the existence of a gradient using the C-T1 index, which is twice as metallicity sensitive as B-V. A small gradient is detected. This color gradient, in the sense that outer clusters are bluer, amounts to approx. 0.1 mag in C-T1 over a galactocentric range from about 0.5 to 3.5 arcmin, corresponding to a difference of approx. 0.2 dex in metallicity. This confirms qualitatively the B-V gradient suggested by Bridges et al. [AJ, 101, 469 (1991)]. Photometry for 420 globular cluster candidates is presented. Metal abundances internally precise to approx. 0.25 dex and accurate to approx. 0.3 dex have been obtained for some 250 of the best candidates, after statistically subtracting a field contamination estimated at 30%. The mean abundance of -0.9 +/- 0.2 confirms previous indications that the NGC 1399 globular cluster system is, on average, significantly more metal rich than that of the Galaxy, as expected from the relative parent galaxy luminosities. Approximately 10% of the clusters exceed solar abundance, similar to the case for NGC 5128. The signature of possible globular cluster formation in mergers, as suggested by Ashman and Zepf [ApJ, 384, 50 (1992)], is found in the distinct peaks in the metallicity distribution function. However, their prediction (based on a simple theory designed only for application to normal elliptical galaxies and not the more complicated cD galaxies represented by NGC 1399) that the color difference between the clusters and the background halo light monotonically increases with radius is not borne out by the observations. The difference decreases with radius from the center to approx. 2 arcmin; beyond this radius, the difference does appear to increase, however. At all radii, the mean globular cluster abundance is some 0.25-0.5 dex more metal poor than that of the background halo.
1309. Globular clusters around NGC 1399
ID:
ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/127/2114
Title:
Globular clusters around NGC 1399
Short Name:
J/AJ/127/2114
Date:
21 Oct 2021
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
Radial velocities of 468 globular clusters around NGC 1399, the central galaxy in the Fornax cluster, have been obtained with FORS2 and the Mask Exchange Unit (MXU) at the ESO Very Large Telescope. This is the largest sample of globular cluster velocities around any galaxy obtained so far. The mean velocity uncertainty is 50km/s. This data sample is accurate and large enough to be used in studies of the mass distribution of NGC 1399 and the properties of its globular cluster system. Here we describe the observations and the reduction procedure, and we discuss the uncertainties of the resulting velocities. The complete sample of cluster velocities that is used in a dynamical study of NGC 1399 is tabulated. A subsample is compared with previously published values.
1310. Globular clusters around NGC 1407
ID:
ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/137/4956
Title:
Globular clusters around NGC 1407
Short Name:
J/AJ/137/4956
Date:
21 Oct 2021
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
NGC 1407 is the central elliptical in a nearby evolved group of galaxies apparently destined to become a galaxy cluster core. We use the kinematics of globular clusters (GCs) to probe the dynamics and mass profile of the group's center, out to a radius of 60kpc (~10 galaxy effective radii)-the most extended data set to date around an early-type galaxy. This sample consists of 172 GC line-of-sight velocities, most of them newly obtained using Keck/DEIMOS, with a few additional objects identified as dwarf-globular transition objects or as intragroup GCs.