- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/478/5689
- Title:
- S4G galaxies disk/bar decomposition
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/478/5689
- Date:
- 08 Feb 2022 00:30:06
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present photometric models of 532 disc galaxies in 3.6um images from the Spitzer Survey of Stellar Structure in Galaxies (S^4^G) using the non-parametric DISKFIT algorithm. We first test DISKFIT's performance on 400 synthetic S^4^G-like galaxy images. DISKFIT is unreliable in the bulge region, but accurately disentangles exponential discs from Ferrers bars farther out as long as their position angles differ by more than 5{deg}. We then proceed to model the S^4^G galaxies, successfully fitting 489 of them using an automated approach for initializing DISKFIT, optimizing the model and deriving uncertainties using a bootstrap-resampling technique. The resulting component geometries and surface brightness profiles are compared to those derived by Salo et al. using the parametric model GALFIT. We find generally good agreement between the models, but discrepancies between best-fitting values for individual systems are often significant: the choice of algorithm clearly impacts the inferred disc and bar structure. In particular, we find that DISKFIT typically assigns more light to the bar and less light to the disc relative to the Ferrers and exponential profiles derived using GALFIT in the bar region. Given DISKFIT's reliability at disentangling these components in our synthetic images, we conclude that the surface brightness distributions of barred S^4^G galaxies are not well-represented by these functional forms. The results presented here underscore the importance of validating photometric decomposition algorithms before applying them to real data and the utility of DISKFIT's non-parametric approach at measuring the structure of discs and bars in nearby galaxies.
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- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/217/32
- Title:
- S4G galaxy morphologies in the CVRHS system
- Short Name:
- J/ApJS/217/32
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The Spitzer Survey of Stellar Structure in Galaxies (S^4^G) is the largest available database of deep, homogeneous middle-infrared (mid-IR) images of galaxies of all types. The survey, which includes 2352 nearby galaxies, reveals galaxy morphology only minimally affected by interstellar extinction. This paper presents an atlas and classifications of S^4^G galaxies in the Comprehensive de Vaucouleurs revised Hubble-Sandage (CVRHS) system. The CVRHS system follows the precepts of classical de Vaucouleurs morphology, modified to include recognition of other features such as inner, outer, and nuclear lenses, nuclear rings, bars, and disks, spheroidal galaxies, X patterns and box/peanut structures, OLR subclass outer rings and pseudorings, bar ansae and barlenses, parallel sequence late-types, thick disks, and embedded disks in 3D early-type systems. We show that our CVRHS classifications are internally consistent, and that nearly half of the S^4^G sample consists of extreme late-type systems (mostly bulgeless, pure disk galaxies) in the range Scd-Im. The most common family classification for mid-IR types S0/a to Sc is SA while that for types Scd to Sm is SB. The bars in these two type domains are very different in mid-IR structure and morphology. This paper examines the bar, ring, and type classification fractions in the sample, and also includes several montages of images highlighting the various kinds of "stellar structures" seen in mid-IR galaxy morphology.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/836/7
- Title:
- SG1120-1202 members HST imaging & 24um fluxes
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/836/7
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We use the Hubble Space Telescope to obtain WFC3/F390W imaging of the supergroup SG1120-1202 at z=0.37, mapping the UV emission of 138 spectroscopically confirmed members. We measure total (F390W-F814W) colors and visually classify the UV morphology of individual galaxies as "clumpy" or "smooth." Approximately 30% of the members have pockets of UV emission (clumpy) and we identify for the first time in the group environment galaxies with UV morphologies similar to the "jellyfish" galaxies observed in massive clusters. We stack the clumpy UV members and measure a shallow internal color gradient, which indicates that unobscured star formation is occurring throughout these galaxies. We also stack the four galaxy groups and measure a strong trend of decreasing UV emission with decreasing projected group distance (R_proj_). We find that the strong correlation between decreasing UV emission and increasing stellar mass can fully account for the observed trend in (F390W-F814W)-R_proj_, i.e., mass-quenching is the dominant mechanism for extinguishing UV emission in group galaxies. Our extensive multi-wavelength analysis of SG1120-1202 indicates that stellar mass is the primary predictor of UV emission, but that the increasing fraction of massive (red/smooth) galaxies at R_proj_<~2R_200_ and existence of jellyfish candidates is due to the group environment.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/219/4
- Title:
- S4G pipeline 4: multi-component decompositions
- Short Name:
- J/ApJS/219/4
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The Spitzer Survey of Stellar Structure in Galaxies (S^4^G) is a deep 3.6 and 4.5{mu}m imaging survey of 2352 nearby (<40Mpc) galaxies. We describe the S^4^G data analysis pipeline 4, which is dedicated to two-dimensional structural surface brightness decompositions of 3.6{mu}m images, using GALFIT3.0. Besides automatic 1-component Sersic fits, and 2-component Sersic bulge + exponential disk fits, we present human-supervised multi-component decompositions, which include, when judged appropriate, a central point source, bulge, disk, and bar components. Comparison of the fitted parameters indicates that multi-component models are needed to obtain reliable estimates for the bulge Sersic index and bulge-to-total light ratio (B/T), confirming earlier results. Here, we describe the preparations of input data done for decompositions, give examples of our decomposition strategy, and describe the data products released via IRSA and via our web page (www.oulu.fi/astronomy/S4G_PIPELINE4/MAIN). These products include all the input data and decomposition files in electronic form, making it easy to extend the decompositions to suit specific science purposes. We also provide our IDL-based visualization tools (GALFIDL) developed for displaying/running GALFIT-decompositions, as well as our mask editing procedure (MASK_EDIT) used in data preparation. A detailed analysis of the bulge, disk, and bar parameters derived from multi-component decompositions will be published separately.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/605/A46
- Title:
- Sgr dSph nucleus stars chemical abundances
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/605/A46
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present Iron, Magnesium, Calcium, and Titanium abundances for 235 stars in the central region of the Sagittarius dwarf spheroidal galaxy (within 9.0'~=70pc from the center) from medium-resolution Keck/DEIMOS spectra. All the considered stars belong to the massive globular cluster M 54 or to the central nucleus of the galaxy (Sgr,N). In particular we provide abundances for 109 stars with [Fe/H]>=-1.0, more than doubling the available sample of spectroscopic metallicity and {alpha}-elements abundance estimates for Sgr dSph stars in this metallicity regime. We find for the first time a metallicity gradient in the Sgr,N population, whose peak iron abundance goes from [Fe/H]=-0.38 for R<=2.5' to [Fe/H]=-0.57 for 5.0<R<=9.0 arcmin. On the other hand the trends of [Mg/Fe], [Ca/Fe], and [Ti/Fe] with [Fe/H] are the same over the entire region explored by our study. We reproduce the observed chemical patterns of the Sagittarius dwarf spheroidal as a whole with a chemical evolution model implying a high mass progenitor (M_DM_=6x10^10^M_{sun}_) and a significant event of mass-stripping occurred a few Gyr ago, presumably starting at the first peri-Galactic passage after infall.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/427/2647
- Title:
- Sgr dSph stars spectral classification
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/427/2647
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present spectra of 1142 colour-selected stars in the direction of the Sagittarius Dwarf Spheroidal (Sgr dSph) galaxy, of which 1058 were taken with VLT/FLAMES multi-object spectrograph and 84 were taken with the SAAO Radcliffe 1.9-m telescope grating spectrograph. Spectroscopic membership is confirmed (at >99 per cent confidence) for 592 stars on the basis of their radial velocity, and spectral types are given. Very slow rotation is marginally detected around the galaxy's major axis. We identify five S stars and 23 carbon stars, of which all but four carbon stars are newly determined and all but one (PQ Sgr) are likely Sgr dSph members. We examine the onset of carbon richness in this metal-poor galaxy in the context of stellar models. We compare the stellar death rate (one star per 1000-1700yr) with the known planetary nebula dynamical ages and find that the bulk population produce the observed (carbon-rich) planetary nebulae. We compute average lifetimes of S and carbon stars as 60-250 and 130-500kyr, compared to a total thermal-pulsing asymptotic giant branch lifetime of 530-1330kyr. We conclude by discussing the return of carbon-rich material to the interstellar medium.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/513/A62
- Title:
- Sgr dSph VIMOS photometry and radial velocities
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/513/A62
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The Sagittarius dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy (Sgr dSph) provides us with a unique possibility of studying a dwarf galaxy merging event while still in progress. Moving along a short-period, quasi-polar orbit in the Milky Way Halo, Sgr dSph is being tidally dispersed along a huge stellar stream. Due to its low distance (25kpc), the main body of Sgr dSph covers a vast area in the sky (roughly 15x7degrees). Available photometric and spectroscopic studies have concentrated either on the central part of the galaxy or on the stellar stream, but the overwhelming majority of the galaxy body has never been probed. The aim of the present study is twofold. On the one hand, to produce color magnitude diagrams across the extension of Sgr dSph to study its stellar populations, searching for age and/or composition gradients (or lack thereof). On the other hand, to derive spectroscopic low-resolution radial velocities for a subsample of stars to determine membership to Sgr dSph for the purpose of high resolution spectroscopic follow-up.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/VII/196
- Title:
- Shakhbazian compact groups of galaxies
- Short Name:
- VII/196
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The largest survey of compact galaxy groups was published by Shakhbazian et al. (see cat. <VII/89>). This catalogue provides accurate positions of individual galaxies in the groups; photometrical properties of the Southern sky (delta not greater than +2{deg}30') are evaluated on the basis of the COSMOS/UKST catalog of the Southern sky. The catalogue contains 373 groups; this number differs from the number in Shakhbazian's list (377 groups) by the following: => No data for groups 001 (there were already published data by other authors), 206 (could not be re-identified) 241 (could not be re-identified) 252 (is identical with 214), 301 (could not be re-identified) 353 (could not be re-identified) => Group 328 was published twice (in North and South) => Group 340 was divided in two parts (340 and 340a), according to Bettoni and Fasano ([BF95]=1995AJ....109...32B)
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/585/A84
- Title:
- Shape parameters of lensing galaxies
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/585/A84
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The luminosity profiles of galaxies acting as strong gravitational lenses can be tricky to study. Indeed, strong gravitational lensing images display several lensed components, both point-like and diffuse, around the lensing galaxy. Those objects limit the study of the galaxy luminosity to its inner parts. Therefore, the usual fitting methods perform rather badly on such images. Previous studies of strong lenses luminosity profiles using software such as like GALFIT or IMFITFITS and various PSF-determining methods have resulted in somewhat discrepant results. The present work aims at investigating the causes of those discrepancies, as well as at designing more robust techniques for studying the morphology of early-type lensing galaxies with the ability to subtract a lensed signal from their luminosity profiles. The morphology of early-type lensing galaxies with the ability to subtract a lensed signal from their luminosity profiles. Methods. We design a new method to independently measure each shape parameter, namely, the position angle, ellipticity, and half- light radius of the galaxy. Our half-light radius measurement method is based on an innovative scheme for computing isophotes that is well suited to measuring the morphological properties of gravitational lensing galaxies. Its robustness regarding various specific aspects of gravitational lensing image processing is analysed and tested against GALFIT. It is then applied to a sample of systems from the CASTLES database.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/404/1490
- Title:
- Shapes of BCGs in nearby clusters shapes
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/404/1490
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We compare the apparent axial ratio distributions of the brightest cluster galaxies (BCGs) and normal ellipticals (Es) in our sample of 75 galaxy clusters from the WIde-field Nearby Galaxy-cluster Survey (WINGS). Most BCGs in our clusters (69 per cent) are classified as cD galaxies. The sample of cDs has been completed by 14 additional cDs (non-BCGs) we found in our clusters. We deproject the apparent axial ratio distributions of Es, BCGs and cDs using a bivariate version of the Lucy rectification algorithm, whose results are supported by an independent Monte Carlo technique. Finally, we compare the intrinsic shape distribution of BCGs to the corresponding shape distribution of the central part of cluster-sized dark matter haloes extracted from the GIF2 Lambda cold dark matter ({LAMBDA}CDM) N-body simulations (Gao et al., 2004MNRAS.355..819G).
