- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/532/A32
- Title:
- HCOOCH3 map of Orion-KL
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/532/A32
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The Orion Kleinmann-Low nebula (Orion-KL) is a complex region of star formation. Whereas its proximity allows studies on a scale of a few hundred AU, spectral confusion makes it difficult to identify molecules with low abundances. We studied an important oxygenated molecule, HCOOCH3, to characterize the physical conditions, temperature, and density of the different molecular source components.
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- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/568/A58
- Title:
- HCOO^13^CH_3_ rotational spectrum
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/568/A58
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- An astronomical survey of interstellar molecular clouds needs a previous analysis of the spectra in the microwave and sub-mm energy range of organic molecules to be able to identify them. We obtained very accurate spectroscopic constants in a comprehensive laboratory analysis of rotational spectra. These constants can be used to predict the transitions frequencies very precisely that were not measured in the laboratory. We present the experimental study and its theoretical analysis for two ^13^C-methyl formate isotopologues to detect these two isotopologues for the first time in their excited torsional states, which lie at 130/cm (200K) in Orion-KL. New spectra of HCO-O-^13^CH_3_ (^13^C_2_) methyl formate were recorded with the mm- and submm-wave spectrometer in Lille from 50 to 940GHz. A global fit for v_t_=0 and 1 was accomplished with the BELGI program to reproduce the experimental spectra with greater accuracy. We analysed 5728 and 2881 new lines for v_t_=0 and 1 for HCOO^13^CH_3_. These new lines were globally fitted with 846 previously published lines for v_t_=0. In consequence, 52 parameters of the RAM Hamiltonian were accurately determined and the value of the barrier height (V_3_=369.93168(395)/cm) was improved. We report the detection of the first excited torsional states (v_t_=1) in Orion-KL for the ^13^C_2_ and ^13^C_1_ methyl formate based on the present analysis and previously published data. We provide column densities, isotopic abundances, and vibrational temperatures for these species. Following this work, accurate prediction can be provided. This permits detecting 135 features of the first excited torsional states of ^13^C-methyl formate isotopologues in Orion-KL in the 80-280GHz frequency range, without missing lines.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/877/154
- Title:
- H_2_CO TMRT obs. of Galactic molecular clouds
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/877/154
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present observations of the C-band 1_10_-1_11_ (4.8GHz) and Ku-band 2_11_-2_12_ (14.5GHz) K-doublet lines of H_2_CO and the C-band 1_10_-1_11_ (4.6GHz) line of H_2_^13^CO toward a large sample of Galactic molecular clouds, through the Shanghai Tianma 65m radio telescope (TMRT). Our sample with 112 sources includes strong H_2_CO sources from the TMRT molecular line survey at C-band and other known H_2_CO sources. All three lines are detected toward 38 objects (43 radial velocity components) yielding a detection rate of 34%. Complementary observations of their continuum emission at both C- and Ku-bands were performed. Combining spectral line parameters and continuum data, we calculate the column densities, the optical depths and the isotope ratio H_2_^12^CO/H_2_^13^CO for each source. To evaluate photon trapping caused by sometimes significant opacities in the main isotopologue's rotational mm-wave lines connecting our measured K-doublets, and to obtain ^12^C/^13^C abundance ratios, we used the RADEX non-LTE model accounting for radiative transfer effects. This implied the use of the new collision rates from Wiesenfeld & Faure. Also implementing distance values from trigonometric parallax measurements for our sources, we obtain a linear fit of ^12^C/^13^C=(5.08+/-1.10)D_GC_+(11.86+/-6.60), with a correlation coefficient of 0.58. D_GC_ refers to Galactocentric distances. Our ^12^C/^13^C ratios agree very well with the ones deduced from CN and C^18^O but are lower than those previously reported on the basis of H_2_CO, tending to suggest that the bulk of the H_2_CO in our sources was formed on dust grain mantles and not in the gas phase.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/646/L1
- Title:
- HDCCN discovery in space and in laboratory
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/646/L1
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Observations of TMC-1 with the Yebes 40m radio telescope in the 31.0-50.3GHz range allowed the detection of a group of unidentified lines, showing a complex line pattern indicative of an open-shell species. The observed frequencies of these lines and the similarity of the spectral pattern with that of the 2_02_-1_01_ rotational transition of H_2_CCN point to that the lines arise from the deuterated cyanomethyl radical, HDCCN. Using Fourier transform microwave spectroscopy experiments combined with electric discharges we have succeeded in producing the radical HDCCN in the laboratory and observed its 1_01_-0_00_ and 2_02_-1_01_ rotational transitions. From our observations and assuming a rotational temperature of 5K, we derive an abundance ratio H_2_CCN/HDCCN=20. The high abundance of the deuterated form of H_2_CCN is well accounted for by a standard gas-phase model where deuteration is driven by deuteron transfer from the H_2_D+ molecular ion.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/158/192
- Title:
- He II emission from Wolf-Rayet stars in MW & LMC
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/158/192
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We calibrated a technique to measure dust attenuation in star-forming galaxies. The technique utilizes the stellar-wind lines in Wolf-Rayet stars, which are widely observed in galaxy spectra. The He II 1640 and 4686 features are recombination lines whose ratio is largely determined by atomic physics. Therefore they can serve as a stellar dust probe in the same way as the Balmer lines are used as a nebular probe. We measured the strength of the He II 1640 line in 97 Wolf-Rayet stars in the Galaxy and the Large Magellanic Cloud. The reddening corrected fluxes follow a tight correlation with a fixed ratio of 7.76 for the He II 1640 to 4686 line ratio. Dust attenuation decreases this ratio. We provide a relation between the stellar E(B-V) and the observed line ratio for several attenuation laws. Combining this technique with the use of the nebular Balmer decrement allows the determination of the stellar and nebular dust attenuation in galaxies and can probe its effects at different stellar age and mass regimes, independently of the initial mass function and the star formation history. We derived the dust reddening from the He II line fluxes and compared it to the reddening from the Balmer decrement and from the slope of the ultraviolet continuum in two star-forming galaxies. The three methods result in dust attenuations which agree to within the errors. Future application of this technique permits studies of the stellar dust attenuation compared to the nebular attenuation in a representative galaxy sample.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/546/A103
- Title:
- Heiles Cloud 2 CH radio emission
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/546/A103
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- A mapping observation of the J=1/2 {Lambda}-type doubling transition (3.3GHz) of CH has been conducted toward Heiles Cloud 2 (HCL2) in the Taurus molecular cloud complex to reveal its molecular cloud-scale distribution. The observations were carried out with the Effelsberg 100m telescope. ************************************************************************** * * * The data cube will be available in February 2013 * * * **************************************************************************
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/567/A15
- Title:
- Hen 2-260 emission line fluxes
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/567/A15
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We analysed the planetary nebula Hen 2-260 using optical spectroscopy and photometry. We compared our observations with the literature data in order to search for evolutionary changes. We also searched for photometric variability of the central star. Hen 2-260 was observed with the SAAO 1.0m telescope (photometry) and the SALT telescope (low resolution spectroscopy). We also used archive high resolution Very Large Telescope spectra and Hubble Space Telescope imaging. The nebular line fluxes were modelled with the Cloudy photoionization code in order to derive the stellar and nebular parameters. The planetary nebula shows a complex structure and possibly a bipolar outflow. The nebula is relatively dense and young. The central star is just starting O^+^ ionization (Teff~30000K). Comparison of our observations with literature data indicates a 50% increase of the [OIII] 5007{AA} line flux between 2001 and 2012. We interpret it as the result of the progression of the ionization of O^+^. The central star evolves to higher temperatures at a rate of 45+/-7K/yr. The heating rate is consistent with post-AGB evolutionary tracks for a final mass of 0.626^+0.003^_-0.005_M_{sun}_ or 0.645+/-0.008M_{sun}_ for two different sets of tracks from literature. The photometric monitoring of Hen 2-260 revealed non-periodic variations on a timescale of hours or days. There is no direct indication for central star binarity in the spectrum, nor for a strong stellar wind. The variability may be caused by pulsations of the star. The temperature evolution of the central star can be traced using spectroscopic observations of the surrounding planetary nebula spanning a timescale of roughly a decade. This allows us for precise determination of the stellar mass, since the pace of the temperature evolution depends critically on the core mass. The method is independent on the absolute age of the nebula. The kinematical age of the nebula is consistent with the age obtained from the evolutionary track. The final mass of the central star is close to the peak of the mass distribution for central stars of planetary nebulae found in other studies. The object belongs to a group of young central stars of planetary nebulae showing photometric variability.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/475/281
- Title:
- Herbig-Haro flows in B335
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/475/281
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The aim is to study the Herbig-Haro flows in the nearby dark globule B335, to find new HH objects and H2 knots, make a proper motion map of the flow activity and investigate physical properties through shock models.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/626/A23
- Title:
- Herschel Dwarf Galaxy Survey PACS spectroscopy
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/626/A23
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We employ a multiphase approach to model the ISM phases of the galaxies from the Herschel Dwarf Galaxy Survey with the spectral synthesis code Cloudy. We characterize the physical conditions (gas densities, radiation fields, porosity) in those galaxies and investigate correlations with metallicity or star-formation activity. We find that the lower-metallicity galaxies tend to have higher ionization parameters and galaxies with higher specific star-formation rates have higher gas densities. The [CII] emission arises mainly from PDRs and the contribution from the ionized gas phases is small, typically less than 30% of the observed emission. We also find a correlation, with scatter, between metallicity and both the PDR covering factor and the fraction of [CII] from the ionized gas. Overall, the low metal abundances appear to be driving most of the changes in the ISM structure and conditions of these galaxies, and not the high specific star-formation rates. These results demonstrate in a quantitative way the increase of ISM porosity at low metallicity.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/814/133
- Title:
- Herschel Galactic plane survey of [NII]
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/814/133
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present the first large-scale high angular resolution survey of ionized nitrogen in the Galactic Plane through emission of its two fine structure transitions ([N II]) at 122 and 205 {mu}m. The observations were largely obtained with the PACS instrument onboard the Herschel Space Observatory. The lines of sight were in the Galactic plane, following those of the Herschel OTKP project GOT C+. Both lines are reliably detected at the 10^-8^-10^-7^ W/m^2^/sr level over the range -60{deg}<=l<=60{deg}. The rms of the intensity among the 25 PACS spaxels of a given pointing is typically less than one third of the mean intensity, showing that the emission is extended. [N II] is produced in gas in which hydrogen is ionized, and collisional excitation is by electrons. The ratio of the two fine structure transitions provides a direct measurement of the electron density, yielding n(e) largely in the range 10-50 cm^-3^ with an average value of 29 cm^-3^ and N^+^ column densities 10^16^-10^17^ cm^-2^. [N II] emission is highly correlated with that of [C II], and we calculate that between 1/3 and 1/2 of the [C II] emission is associated with the ionized gas. The relatively high electron densities indicate that the source of the [N II] emission is not the warm ionized medium (WIM), which has electron densities more than 100 times smaller. Possible origins of the observed [N II] include the ionized surfaces of dense atomic and molecular clouds, the extended low-density envelopes of H II regions, and low-filling factor high-density fluctuations of the WIM.
