- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/608/A102
- Title:
- APEX CO and HI observations of Lupus I
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/608/A102
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Lupus I cloud is found between the Upper Scorpius (USco) and Upper Centaurus-Lupus (UCL) subgroups of the Scorpius-Centaurus OB association, where the expanding USco HI shell appears to interact with a bubble currently driven by the winds of the remaining B stars of UCL. Aims. We investigate whether the Lupus I molecular could have formed in a colliding flow, and in particular, how the kinematics of the cloud might have been influenced by the larger scale gas dynamics. We performed APEX ^13^CO(2-1)and C^18^O(2-1) line observations of three distinct parts of Lupus I that provide kinematic information on the cloud at high angular and spectral resolution. We compare those results to the atomic hydrogen data from the GASS HI survey and our dust emission results presented in the previous paper. Based on the velocity information, we present a geometric model for the interaction zone between the USco shell and the UCL wind bubble. We present evidence that the molecular gas of Lupus Iis tightly linked to the atomic material of the USco shell. The CO emission in Lupus Iis found mainly at velocities between v_LSR_=3-6km/s, which is in the same range as the HI velocities. Thus, the molecular cloud is co-moving with the expanding USco atomic HI shell. The gas in the cloud shows a complex kinematic structure with several line-of-sight components that overlay each other. The nonthermal velocity dispersion is in the transonic regime in all parts of the cloud and could be injected by external compression. Our observations and the derived geometric model agree with a scenario in which Lupus Iis located in the interaction zone between the USco shell and the UCL wind bubble. The kinematics observations are consistent with a scenario in which the Lupus Icloud formed via shell instabilities. The particular location of Lupus I between USco and UCL suggests that counterpressure from the UCL wind bubble and pre-existing density enhancements, perhaps left over from the gas stream that formed the stellar subgroups, may have played a role in its formation.
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Search Results
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/581/A126
- Title:
- Application of the D^3^PO algorithm
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/581/A126
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We analyze the 6.5yr all-sky data from the Fermi LAT restricted to gamma-ray photons with energies between 0.6-307.2GeV. We present a non-parametric reconstruction of the diffuse photon flux up to several hundred GeV, its all-sky spectral index map, and its angular power spectrum. We decompose the diffuse emission into a cloud-like abd a bubble-like component and analyze their spectra. Additionally, we wrote up a catalog of source candidates that includes 3106 sources. For each source we report the location in the sky, flux, spectral index, and possible associations with sources from the second and third Fermi source catalog.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/592/A21
- Title:
- Are infrared dark clouds really quiescent?
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/592/A21
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The dense, cold regions where high-mass stars form are poorly characterised, yet they represent an ideal opportunity to learn more about the initial conditions of high-mass star formation (HMSF), since high-mass starless cores (HMSCs) lack the violent feedback seen at later evolutionary stages. We present continuum maps obtained from the Submillimeter Array (SMA) interferometry at 1.1mm for four infrared dark clouds (IRDCs, G28.34S, IRDC 18530, IRDC 18306, and IRDC 18308). We also present 1mm/3mm line surveys using IRAM 30m single-dish observations. Our results are: (1) At a spatial resolution of 10^4^AU, the 1.1mm SMA observations resolve each source into several fragments. The mass of each fragment is on average >10M_{sun}_, which exceeds the predicted thermal Jeans mass of the whole clump by a factor of up to 60, indicating that thermal pressure does not dominate the fragmentation process. Our measured velocity dispersions in the 30m lines imply that non-thermal motions provides the extra support against gravity in the fragments. (2) Both non-detection of high-J transitions and the hyperfine multiplet fit of N_2_H^+^(1-0), C_2_H(1-0), HCN(1-0), and H^13^CN(1-0) indicate that our sources are cold and young. However, obvious detection of SiO and the asymmetric line profile of HCO^+^(1-0) in G28.34S indicate a potential protostellar object and probable infall motion. (3) With a large number of N-bearing species, the existence of carbon rings and molecular ions, and the anti-correlated spatial distributions between N_2_H^+^/NH_2_D and CO, our large-scale high-mass clumps exhibit similar chemical features as small-scale low-mass prestellar objects. This study of a small sample of IRDCs illustrates that thermal Jeans instability alone cannot explain the fragmentation of the clump into cold (~15K), dense (>10^5^cm^-3^) cores and that these IRDCs are not completely quiescent.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/391/159
- Title:
- A search for Compact High-Velocity Clouds
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/391/159
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- An automated search is applied to the Leiden/Dwingeloo HI Survey (LDS) for high-velocity clouds north of Dec.=-28{deg}. From the general catalog we extract a sample of relatively small (less than about 8{deg}) and isolated high-velocity clouds, CHVCs: anomalous-velocity HI clouds which are sharply bounded in angular extent with no kinematic or spatial connection to other HI features down to a limiting column density of 1.5x10^18cm^-2. Unambiguously isolated objects are given the "CHVC" designation, while those with some degree of ambiguity in this classification or designated "CHVC:" or "CHVC?". The vast majority of features show diffuse connections at low column densities with the extended HVC complexes and are simply designated as "HVC" features. The automated search algorithm has been applied to the HIPASS and to the Leiden/Dwingeloo data sets. The results from the LDS are described here; Putman et al. (2002, Cat. <J/AJ/123/873>) describe application of this algorithm to the HIPASS material. Only those catalog entries which have and additional ID listed have been confirmed in independent data.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/473/177
- Title:
- A search for pre-biotic molecules
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/473/177
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Low-noise, 0.8MHz resolution spectra around 90GHz towards four hot core sources: Orion KL, W51 e1/e2, S140, and W3(OH), are presented. The observations were performed using the 3mm SIS receiver at the Onsala 20m telescope. The observations were made in the beam-switching mode, the spectrum intensity is given in T_A_^*^ and high-order polynomial baselines have been subtracted. At 90GHz the Onsala 20m telescope has a beam FWHM of ~42arcsec and a main-beam efficiency of ~0.6. Due to changes in frequency setting during the observing period the frequency ranges are not identical for each source, but in all cases the ranges include the transitions used to determine the upper column densities of amino acetonitrile (H_2_NCH_2_CN), vinyl acetylene (C_2_H_3_CCH), oxiranecarbonitrile (c-C_3_H_3_NO), and amino-ethanol (NH_2_CH_2_CH_2_OH), presented in the paper. Note that the absorptions, seen in the S140 and the W3(OH) spectra around the strong HCN-line at 90.663GHz, are artificial.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/884/100
- Title:
- Astrochemical study along M83 circumnuclear ring
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/884/100
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We report an astrochemical study on the evolution of interstellar molecular clouds and consequent star formation in the center of the barred spiral galaxy M83. We used the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) to image molecular species indicative of shocks (SiO and CH_3_OH), dense cores (N_2_H^+^), and photodissociation regions (CN and CCH), as well as a radio recombination line (H41{alpha}) tracing active star-forming regions. M83 has a circumnuclear gas ring that is joined at two intersections by gas streams from the leading- edge gas lanes on the bar. We found elevated abundances of the shock and dense-core tracers in one of the orbit-intersecting areas, and found peaks of CN and H41{alpha} downstream. In the other orbit-intersection area, we found a similar enhancement of the shock tracers, but less variation of other tracers, and no sign of active star formation in the stream. We propose that the observed chemical variation or lack of it is due to the presence or absence of collision-induced evolution of molecular clouds and induced star formation. This work presents the clearest case of the chemical evolution in the circumnuclear rings of barred galaxies thanks to the ALMA resolution and sensitivity.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/244/7
- Title:
- ATCA HI absorption survey in Magellanic clouds. I.
- Short Name:
- J/ApJS/244/7
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present the first results from the Small Magellanic Cloud portion of a new Australia Telescope Compact Array HI absorption survey of both of the Magellanic Clouds, comprising over 800hr of observations. Our new HI absorption line data allow us to measure the temperature and fraction of cold neutral gas in a low-metallicity environment. We observed 22 separate fields, targeting a total of 55 continuum sources, against 37 of which we detected HI absorption; from this we measure a column-density-weighted mean average spin temperature of <Ts>=150K. Splitting the spectra into individual absorption line features, we estimate the temperatures of different gas components and find an average cold gas temperature of ~30K for this sample, lower than the average of ~40K in the Milky Way. The HI appears to be evenly distributed throughout the SMC, and we detect absorption in 67% of the lines of sight in our sample, including some outside the main body of the galaxy (N_HI_>2x10^21^cm^-2^). The optical depth and temperature of the cold neutral atomic gas show no strong trend with location spatially or in velocity. Despite the low-metallicity environment, we find an average cold gas fraction of ~20%, not dissimilar from that of the Milky Way.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/VII/244A
- Title:
- Atlas and Catalog of Dark Clouds
- Short Name:
- VII/244A
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Here we release the first version of the atlas and catalog of dark clouds derived by using the optical database Digitized Sky Survey I (DSS). Applying a traditional star-count technique to 1043 plates contained in DSS, we have produced an Av map covering the entire region in the galactic latitude range |b|=<40{deg}. The map was drawn at two different angular resolutions of 6' and 18', and is released in FITS format. Based on the Av map, we identified 2448 dark clouds and 2841 clumps located inside them. Physical parameters, such as the position, extent, and optical extinction, were measured for each of the clouds and clumps. We also searched for counterparts among already known dark clouds in the literature. The catalog of dark clouds presented here lists the cloud parameters as well as the counterparts. Printed version of the atlas and catalog was published in a special issue of Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan (PASJ) in February 2005 (Dobashi et al., 2005, PASJ, 57, pp.S1-S386).
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/PASJ/63/S1
- Title:
- Atlas and catalog of dark clouds based on 2MASS
- Short Name:
- J/PASJ/63/S1
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- This paper presents an atlas and catalog of dark clouds derived based on the 2 Micron All Sky Survey Point Source Catalog (2MASS PSC). Color excess maps of E(J-H) and E(H-K_S_) as well as extinction maps of A_J_, A_H_, and A_K_S_ covering all of the sky have been produced at the 1' grid with a changing angular resolution (~1'-12'), depending on the regions in the sky. Maps drawn at the lower 15' grid with a fixed 1{deg} resolution were also derived for various sets of threshold magnitudes in the J, H, and K_S_ bands to estimate the background star colors and star densities needed to derive the color excess and extinction maps. The maps obtained in this work are presented on various scales in a series of figures that can be used as an atlas of dark clouds for general research purposes. On the basis of the E(J-H) and A_J_ maps drawn at the 1' grid, we have carried out a systematic survey for dark clouds all over the sky. In total, we identified 7614 dark clouds, and measured the coordinates, extents, and A_V_ values for each of them. We also searched for their counterparts in a previously published catalog of dark clouds based on the optical photographic plates DSS (Dobashi et al., 2005PASJ...57S...1D, Cat. VII/244). These cloud parameters, including the information of the counterparts, are compiled into a new catalog of dark clouds.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/824/29
- Title:
- ATLASGAL clumps with IRAS flux and MALT90 data
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/824/29
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- In a survey of 65 galaxies, Gao & Solomon (2004ApJS..152...63G) found a tight linear relation between the infrared luminosity (L_IR_, a proxy for the star formation rate) and the HCN(1-0) luminosity (L_HCN_). Wu et al. (2005ApJ...635L.173W) found that this relation extends from these galaxies to the much less luminous Galactic molecular high-mass star-forming clumps (~1pc scales), and posited that there exists a characteristic ratio L_IR_/L_HCN_ for high-mass star-forming clumps. The Gao-Solomon relation for galaxies could then be explained as a summation of large numbers of high-mass star-forming clumps, resulting in the same L_IR_/L_HCN_ ratio for galaxies. We test this explanation and other possible origins of the Gao-Solomon relation using high-density tracers (including HCN(1-0), N_2_H^+^(1-0), HCO^+^(1-0), HNC(1-0), HC_3_N(10-9), and C_2_H(1-0)) for ~300 Galactic clumps from the Millimetre Astronomy Legacy Team 90GHz (MALT90) survey. The MALT90 data show that the Gao-Solomon relation in galaxies cannot be satisfactorily explained by the blending of large numbers of high-mass clumps in the telescope beam. Not only do the clumps have a large scatter in the L_IR_/L_HCN_ ratio, but also far too many high-mass clumps are required to account for the Galactic IR and HCN luminosities. We suggest that the scatter in the L_IR_/L_HCN_ ratio converges to the scatter of the Gao-Solomon relation at some size-scale >~1kpc. We suggest that the Gao-Solomon relation could instead result from of a universal large-scale star formation efficiency, initial mass function, core mass function, and clump mass function.
