- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/224/7
- Title:
- CO obs. of the outer arm in the 2nd quadrant
- Short Name:
- J/ApJS/224/7
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The lack of arm tracers, especially remote tracers, is one of the most difficult problems preventing us from studying the structure of the Milky Way. Fortunately, with its high-sensitivity CO survey, the Milky Way Imaging Scroll Painting (MWISP) project offers such an opportunity. Since completing about one-third of its mission, an area of l=[100,150]{deg}, b=[-3,5]{deg} has nearly been covered. The Outer arm of the Milky Way first clearly revealed its shape in the second galactic quadrant in the form of molecular gas --this is the first time that the Outer arm has been reported in such a large-scale mapping of molecular gas. Using the 115GHz ^12^CO(1-0) data of MWISP at the LSR velocity ~[-100,-60]km/s and in the area mentioned above, we have detected 481 molecular clouds in total, and among them 332 (about 69%) are newly detected and 457 probably belong to the Outer arm. The total mass of the detected Outer arm clouds is ~3.1x10^6^M_{sun}__. Assuming that the spiral arm is a logarithmic spiral, the pitch angle is fitted as ~13.1{deg}. Besides combining both the CO data from MWISP and the 21cm HI data from the Canadian Galactic Plane Survey (CGPS), the gas distribution, warp, and thickness of the Outer arm are also studied.
Number of results to display per page
Search Results
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/500/1045
- Title:
- Cool stars and brown dwarfs in Lupus clouds
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/500/1045
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Most studies of the stellar and substellar populations of star-forming regions rely on using the signatures of accretion, outflows, disks, or activity characterizing the early stages of stellar evolution. However, these signatures rapidly decay with time. We present the results of a wide-area study of the stellar population of clouds in the Lupus star-forming region. When combined with 2MASS photometry, our data allow us to fit the spectral energy distributions of over 150000 sources and identify possible new members based on their photospheric fluxes, independent of any display of the signposts of youth.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/251/26
- Title:
- CO outflow cand. toward W3/4/5 complex. II.
- Short Name:
- J/ApJS/251/26
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- To date, few studies have focused on protostellar outflow feedback at scales larger than several parsecs. To address this paucity of research, we investigate the effects of feedback from CO outflow candidates on their parent clouds over ~110deg^2^ toward the W3/4/5 complex and its surroundings. Our search identified 265 ^13^CO clouds with radii being ~0.04-17.12pc. We estimate the turbulent support and potential disruptive effect of the outflow activities through analyzing physical properties of outflow candidates and their host clouds in terms of turbulence and gravitational binding energy. We find that (1) clouds of larger size might be less affected by feedback; (2) the possible scale break is >~4.7pc for both turbulent support and potential disruptive effect; (3) if outflows couple to dense gas where stars are forming, for clouds in the Perseus arm, a scale <~0.2-0.4pc is sufficient for the energy and momentum injected by outflow activity to maintain turbulence, while for clouds in the Local arm, the scale is <~0.1-0.2pc; and (4) for clouds in the Perseus arm, a scale <~0.3-1.0pc is needed for outflow activity to potentially disperse material away from the natal clouds, while for clouds in the Local arm, the scale is <~0.2-0.6pc. The strength of outflow activity may affect the values in points 3 and 4. Finally, we find that outflow feedback probably possesses the power to alter the line width-size relation.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/862/105
- Title:
- Core mass function across Gal. env. II. IRDC clumps
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/862/105
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We study the core mass function (CMF) within 32 dense clumps in seven infrared dark clouds (IRDCs) with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array via 1.3mm continuum emission at a resolution of ~1". We have identified 107 cores with the dendrogram algorithm, with a median radius of about 0.02pc. Their masses range from 0.261 to 178M_{sun}_. After applying completeness corrections, we fit the combined IRDC CMF with a power law of the form dN/d.logM{propto}M^-{alpha}^ and derive an index of {alpha}~0.86+/-0.11 for M>=0.79M_{sun}_ and {alpha}~0.70+/-0.13 for M>=1.26M_{sun}_, which is a significantly more top-heavy distribution than the Salpeter stellar initial mass function index of 1.35. We also make a direct comparison of these IRDC clump CMF results to those measured in the more evolved protocluster G286 derived with similar methods, which have {alpha}~1.29+/-0.19 and 1.08+/-0.27 in these mass ranges, respectively. These results provide a hint that, especially for the M>=1.26M_{sun}_ range where completeness corrections are modest, the CMF in high pressure, early-stage environments of IRDC clumps may be top-heavy compared to that in the more evolved, global environment of the G286 protoclusters. However, larger samples of cores probing these different environments are needed to better establish the robustness of this potential CMF variation.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/620/A163
- Title:
- Cores in California molecular cloud
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/620/A163
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We extracted 300 cores, of which 33 are protostellar and 267 are starless cores. About 51% (137 of 267) of the starless cores are prestellar cores. Three cores have the potential to evolve into high-mass stars. The prestellar core mass function (CMF) can be well fit by a log-normal form. The high-mass end of the prestellar CMF shows a power-law form with an index {alpha}=-0.9+/-0.1 that is shallower than that of the Galactic field stellar mass function. Combining the mass transformation efficiency ({epsilon}) from the prestellar core to the star of 15+/-1% and the core formation efficiency (CFE) of 5.5%, we suggest an overall star formation efficiency of about 1% in the CMC. In the single-pointing observations with the IRAM 30m telescope, we find that 6 cores show blue-skewed profile, while 4 cores show red-skewed profile. [HCO^+^]/[HNC] and [HCO^+^]/[N_2_H^+^] in protostellar cores are higher than those in prestellar cores; this can be used as chemical clocks. The best-fit chemical age of the cores with line observations is ~50000 years.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/422/1071
- Title:
- Cores in IR Dark Clouds for 300<=l<=330
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/422/1071
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We have used data taken as part of the Herschel infrared Galactic Plane survey (Hi-GAL) to study 3171 infrared dark cloud (IRDC) candidates that were identified in the mid-IR (8um) by Spitzer (we refer to these as 'Spitzer-dark' regions). They all lie in the range l=300-330{deg} and |b|<=1{deg}. Of these, only 1205 were seen in emission in the far-IR (250-500um) by Herschel (we call these 'Herschel-bright' clouds). It is predicted that a dense cloud will not only be seen in absorption in the mid-IR, but will also be seen in emission in the far-IR at the longest Herschel wavebands (250-500um). If a region is dark at all wavelengths throughout the mid-IR and far-IR, then it is most likely to be simply a region of lower background IR emission (a 'hole in the sky'). Hence, it appears that previous surveys, based on Spitzer and other mid-IR data alone, may have overestimated the total IRDC population by a factor of ~2. This has implications for estimates of the star formation rate in IRDCs in the Galaxy. We studied the 1205 Herschel-bright IRDCs at 250um and found that 972 of them had at least one clearly defined 250-um peak, indicating that they contained one or more dense cores. Of these, 653 (67 per cent) contained an 8-um point source somewhere within the cloud, 149 (15 per cent) contained a 24-um point source but no 8-um source and 170 (18 per cent) contained no 24- or 8-um point sources. We use these statistics to make inferences about the lifetimes of the various evolutionary stages of IRDCs.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/196/18
- Title:
- CO survey of galactic molecular clouds. II.
- Short Name:
- J/ApJS/196/18
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present fully sampled 38" resolution maps of the CO and ^13^CO J=2-1 lines in the molecular clouds toward the HII region complex W3. The maps cover a 2.0{deg}x1.67{deg} section of the galactic plane and span -70 to -20km/s (LSR) in velocity with a resolution of ~1.3km/s. The velocity range of the images includes all the gas in the Perseus spiral arm. We also present maps of CO J=3-2 emission for a 0.5{deg}x0.33{deg} area containing the HII regions W3 Main and W3(OH). The J=3-2 maps have velocity resolution of 0.87km/s and 24" angular resolution. Color figures display the peak line brightness temperature, the velocity-integrated intensity, and velocity channel maps for all three lines, and also the (CO/^13^CO) J=2-1 line intensity ratios as a function of velocity. The line intensity image cubes are made available in standard FITS format as electronically readable files. We compare our molecular line maps with the 1.1mm continuum image from the BOLOCAM Galactic Plane Survey (BGPS). From our ^13^CO image cube, we derive kinematic information for the 65 BGPS sources in the mapped field, in the form of Gaussian component fits.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/209/39
- Title:
- CO survey of molecular clouds. III. Serpens
- Short Name:
- J/ApJS/209/39
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We mapped ^12^CO and ^13^CO J=2-1 emission over 1.04deg^2^ of the Serpens molecular cloud with 38" spatial and 0.3km/s spectral resolution using the Arizona Radio Observatory Heinrich Hertz Submillimeter Telescope. Our maps resolve kinematic properties for the entire Serpens cloud. We also compare our velocity moment maps with known positions of young stellar objects (YSOs) and 1.1 mm continuum emission. We find that ^12^CO is self-absorbed and ^13^CO is optically thick in the Serpens core. Outside of the Serpens core, gas appears in filamentary structures having LSR velocities which are blueshifted by up to 2km/s relative to the 8km/s systemic velocity of the Serpens cloud. We show that the known Class I, flat, and Class II YSOs in the Serpens core most likely formed at the same spatial location and have since drifted apart. The spatial and velocity structure of the ^12^CO line ratios implies that a detailed three-dimensional radiative transfer model of the cloud will be necessary for full interpretation of our spectral data. The "starless cores" region of the cloud is likely to be the next site of star formation in Serpens.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/214/7
- Title:
- CO survey of molecular clouds. IV. NGC 1333
- Short Name:
- J/ApJS/214/7
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We mapped the NGC 1333 section of the Perseus Molecular Cloud in the J=2-1 emission lines of ^12^CO and ^13^CO over a 50'x60' region (3.4x4.1pc at the cloud distance of 235pc), using the Arizona Radio Observatory Heinrich Hertz Submillimeter Telescope. The angular resolution is 38" (0.04pc) and velocity resolution is 0.3km/s. We compare our velocity moment maps with known positions of young stellar objects (YSOs) and (sub)millimeter dust continuum emission. The CO emission is brightest at the center of the cluster of YSOs, but is detected over the full extent of the mapped region at >=10xrms. The morphology of the CO channel maps shows a kinematically complex structure, with many elongated features extending from the YSO cluster outward by ~1pc. One notable feature appears as a narrow serpentine structure that curves and doubles back, with a total length of ~3pc. The ^13^CO velocity channel maps show evidence for many low-density cavities surrounded by partial shell-like structures, consistent with previous studies. Maps of the velocity moments show localized effects of bipolar outflows from embedded YSOs, as well as a large-scale velocity gradient around the central core of YSOs, suggestive of large-scale turbulent cloud motions determining the location of current star formation. The CO/^13^CO intensity ratios show the distribution of the CO opacity, which exhibits a complex kinematic structure. Identified YSOs are located mainly at the positions of greatest CO opacity.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/PASJ/56/313
- Title:
- 13CO survey of Mon & CMa molecular clouds
- Short Name:
- J/PASJ/56/313
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Through a large-scale 13^CO (J=1-0) survey toward a region in Monoceros and Canis Major, we have identified in total 115 clouds.
