- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/764/154
- Title:
- Stellar populations in the central 0.5pc. I.
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/764/154
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present new high angular resolution near-infrared spectroscopic observations of the nuclear star cluster surrounding the Milky Way's central supermassive black hole. Using the integral-field spectrograph OSIRIS on Keck II behind the laser-guide-star adaptive optics system, this spectroscopic survey enables us to separate early-type (young, 4-6Myr) and late-type (old, >1Gyr) stars with a completeness of 50% down to K'=15.5mag, which corresponds to ~10M_{sun}_ for the early-type stars. This work increases the radial extent of reported OSIRIS/Keck measurements by more than a factor of three from 4" to 14" (0.16 to 0.56pc), along the projected disk of young stars. For our analysis, we implement a new method of completeness correction using a combination of star-planting simulations and Bayesian inference. We assign probabilities for the spectral type of every source detected in deep imaging down to K'=15.5mag using information from spectra, simulations, number counts, and the distribution of stars. The inferred radial surface-density profiles, {Sigma}(R){prop.to}R^-{Gamma}^, for the young stars and late-type giants are consistent with earlier results ({Gamma}_early_=0.93+/-0.09, {Gamma}_late_=0.16+/-0.07). The late-type surface-density profile is approximately flat out to the edge of the survey. While the late-type stellar luminosity function is consistent with the Galactic bulge, the completeness-corrected luminosity function of the early-type stars has significantly more young stars at faint magnitudes compared with previous surveys with similar depth. This luminosity function indicates that the corresponding mass function of the young stars is likely less top-heavy than that inferred from previous surveys.
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Search Results
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/409/1455
- Title:
- Stellar populations of early-type galaxies
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/409/1455
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The influence of environment on the formation and evolution of early-type galaxies is, as yet, an unresolved issue. Constraints can be placed on models of early-type galaxy formation and evolution by examining their stellar populations as a function of environment. We present a catalogue of galaxies well suited to such an investigation. The magnitude-limited (b_J_<=19.45) sample was drawn from four clusters (Coma, A1139, A3558 and A930 at <z>=0.04) and their surrounds. The catalogue contains luminosities, redshifts, velocity dispersions and Lick line strengths for 416 galaxies, of which 245 are classified as early types. Luminosity-weighted ages, metallicities and {alpha}-element abundance ratios have been estimated for 219 of these early types. We also outline the steps necessary for measuring fully calibrated Lick indices and estimating the associated stellar population parameters using up-to-date methods and stellar population models. In a subsequent paper we perform a detailed study of the stellar populations of early-type galaxies in clusters and investigate the effects of environment.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/618/A156
- Title:
- Stellar populations of the central region of M31
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/618/A156
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We continue the analysis of the data set of our spectroscopic observation campaign of M31, whose ultimate goal is to provide an understanding of the three-dimensional structure of the bulge, its formation history, and composition in terms of a classical bulge, boxy-peanut bulge, and bar contributions. We derive simple stellar population (SSP) properties, such as age metallicity and alpha-element overabundance, from the measurement of Lick/IDS absorption line indices. We describe their two-dimensional maps taking into account the dust distribution in M31. We found 80% of the values of our age measurements are larger than 10Gyr. The central 100-arcsec of M31 are dominated by the stars of the classical bulge of M31. These stars are old (11-13Gyr), metal-rich (as high as [Z/H]~0.35dex) at the center with a negative gradient outward and enhanced in alpha-elements ([alpha/Fe]~0.28+/-0.01dex). The bar stands out in the metallicity map, where an almost solar value of [Z/H] (~0.02+/-0.01dex) with no gradient is observed along the bar position angle (55.7{deg}) out to 600 arcsec from the center. In contrast, no signature of the bar is seen in the age and [alpha/Fe] maps, which are approximately axisymmetric, delivering a mean age and overabundance for the bar and boxy-peanut bulge of 10-13Gyr and 0.25-0.27dex, respectively. The boxy-peanut bulge has almost solar metallicity (-0.04+/-0.01dex). The mass-to-light ratio of the three components is approximately constant at M/LV~4.4-4.7M_{sun}_/L_{sun}_. The disk component at larger distances is made of a mixture of stars, as young as 3-4Gyr, with solar metallicity and smaller M/LV (~3+/-0.1M_{sun}_/L_{sun}_). We propose a two-phase formation scenario for the inner region of M31, where most of the stars of the classical bulge come into place together with a proto-disk, where a bar develops and quickly transforms it into a boxy-peanut bulge. Star formation continues in the bulge region, producing stars younger than 10Gyr, in particular along the bar, thereby enhancing its metallicity. The disk component appears to build up on longer timescales.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/648/591
- Title:
- Stellar rotation in young clusters. II.
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/648/591
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We derive the effective temperatures and gravities of 461 OB stars in 19 young clusters by fitting the H{gamma} profile in their spectra. We use synthetic model profiles for rotating stars to develop a method to estimate the polar gravity for these stars, which we argue is a useful indicator of their evolutionary status. We combine these results with projected rotational velocity measurements obtained in a previous paper on these same open clusters.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/390/1437
- Title:
- Stellar streams in Andromeda (M31)
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/390/1437
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present a spectroscopic analysis of five stellar streams ("A", "B", "Cr", "Cp" and "D") as well as the extended star cluster, EC4, which lies within Stream "C", all discovered in the halo of M31 from our Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope/MegaCam survey. These spectroscopic results were initially serendipitous, making use of our existing observations from the DEep Imaging Multi-Object Spectrograph mounted on the Keck II telescope, and thereby emphasizing the ubiquity of tidal streams that account for ~70 per cent of the M31 halo stars in the targeted fields. Subsequent spectroscopy was then procured in Stream "C" and Stream "D" to trace the velocity gradient along the streams. Nine metal-rich ([Fe/H]~-0.7) stars at v_hel_=-349.5km/s, {sigma}_v,corr_~5.1+/-2.5km/s are proposed as a serendipitous detection of Stream "Cr", with follow-up kinematic identification at a further point along the stream. Seven metal-poor ([Fe/H]~-1.3) stars confined to a narrow, 15km/s velocity bin centred at v_hel_=-285.6, {sigma}_v,corr_=4.3^+1.7^_-1.4_km/s represent a kinematic detection of Stream "Cp", again with follow-up kinematic identification further along the stream. For the cluster EC4, candidate member stars with average [Fe/H]~-1.4, are found at v_hel_=-282 suggesting it could be related to Stream "Cp". No similarly obvious cold kinematic candidate is found for Stream "D", although candidates are proposed in both of two spectroscopic pointings along the stream (both at ~-400km/s). Spectroscopy near the edge of Stream "B" suggests a likely kinematic detection at v_hel_~-330, {sigma}_v,corr_~6.9km/s, while a candidate kinematic detection of Stream "A" is found (plausibly associated to M33 rather than M31) with v_hel_~-170, {sigma}_v,corr_=12.5km/s. The low dispersion of the streams in kinematics, physical thickness and metallicity makes it hard to reconcile with a scenario whereby these stream structures as an ensemble are related to the giant southern stream. We conclude that the M31 stellar halo is largely made up of multiple kinematically cold streams.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/146/209
- Title:
- STIS emission-line galaxies observations
- Short Name:
- J/ApJS/146/209
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- In the first 3 years of operation the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS) obtained slitless spectra of ~2500 fields in parallel to prime Hubble Space Telescope (HST) observations as part of the STIS parallel survey (SPS). The archive contains ~300 fields at high Galactic latitude (|b|>30{deg}) with spectroscopic exposure times greater than 3000s. This sample contains 219 fields (excluding special regions and requiring a consistent grating angle) observed between 1997 June 6 and 2000 September 21, with a total survey area of ~160-arcmin^2^. At this depth, the SPS detects an average of one emission-line galaxy per three fields. We present the analysis of these data and the identification of 131 low- to intermediate-redshift galaxies detected by optical emission lines. The sample contains 78 objects with emission lines that we infer to be redshifted [O II] {lambda}3727 emission at 0.43<z<1.7. The comoving number density of these objects is comparable to that of H{alpha}-emitting galaxies in the NICMOS parallel observations. One quasar and three probable Seyfert galaxies are detected. Many of the emission-line objects show morphologies suggestive of mergers or interactions. The reduced data are available upon request from the authors.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/V/84
- Title:
- Strasbourg-ESO Catalogue of Galactic Planetary Nebulae
- Short Name:
- V/84
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The electronic version of the catalogue referenced above includes 1143 true and probable planetary nebulae (Table 1 of publication); 347 objects which status is still unclear were classified among the "possible" planetary nebulae (file pospn, Table 2 of publication); and 330 objects have been rejected (file notpn, Table 3 of publication). The designation system of the planetary nebulae of this catalogue follows the recommendations of IAU Commission 5 (Astronomical Nomenclature) with the structure: PN Glll.l+bb.b where PN means "Planetary Nebula", G stands for "Galactic Coordinates", and lll.l+bb.b stand for the galactic longitude and latitude respectively, truncated to one decimal place. The designations following this system appear in the columns labelled "PNG" in the tables described below, where the "PN G" prefix has been stripped. Data concerning the 1143 true and probable planetary nebulae (part II of the publication) have been grouped in a set of related tables described below, all sorted by the "PNG" column. Note that, unlike the printed volume, only the bibliographic references corresponding to data listed in the tables are provided here, in the "refs.dat" file. Copies of the complete catalogue, including the Finding Charts (Part I) can still be ordered at the ESO Information Service, Karl-Schwarzschildstr. 2, D-85748 Garching bei Muenchen, Germany, at a price of DM 135.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/757/22
- Title:
- Strong and weak lensing analysis of A2261
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/757/22
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We precisely constrain the inner mass profile of A2261 (z=0.225) for the first time and determine that this cluster is not "overconcentrated" as found previously, implying a formation time in agreement with {Lambda}CDM expectations. These results are based on multiple strong-lensing analyses of new 16-band Hubble Space Telescope imaging obtained as part of the Cluster Lensing and Supernova survey with Hubble (CLASH; Postman et al. 2012, Cat. J/ApJS/199/25). Combining this with revised weak-lensing analyses of Subaru wide-field imaging with five-band Subaru + KPNO photometry, we place tight new constraints on the halo virial mass M_vir_=(2.2+/-0.2)x10^15^M_{sun}_h^-1^_70_ (within r_vir_{approx}3Mpc.h^-1^_70_) and concentration c_vir_=6.2+/-0.3 when assuming a spherical halo. This agrees broadly with average c(M, z) predictions from recent {Lambda}CDM simulations, which span 5<~<c><~8. Our most significant systematic uncertainty is halo elongation along the line of sight (LOS). To estimate this, we also derive a mass profile based on archival Chandra X-ray observations and find it to be ~35% lower than our lensing-derived profile at r_2500_~600kpc. Agreement can be achieved by a halo elongated with a ~2:1 axis ratio along our LOS. For this elongated halo model, we find M_vir_=(1.7+/-0.2)x10^15^M_{sun}_h^-1^_70_ and c_vir_=4.6+/-0.2, placing rough lower limits on these values. The need for halo elongation can be partially obviated by non-thermal pressure support and, perhaps entirely, by systematic errors in the X-ray mass measurements. We estimate the effect of background structures based on MMT/Hectospec spectroscopic redshifts and find that these tend to lower M_vir_ further by ~7% and increase c_vir_by ~5%.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/247/12
- Title:
- Strong lens models for 37 clusters from SGAS
- Short Name:
- J/ApJS/247/12
- Date:
- 08 Mar 2022 13:45:09
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present strong gravitational lensing models for 37 galaxy clusters from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Giant Arcs Survey (SGAS). We combine data from multi-band Hubble Space Telescope Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3) imaging, with ground-based imaging and spectroscopy from Magellan, Gemini, Apache Point Observatory, and the Multiple Mirror Telescope, in order to detect and spectroscopically confirm new multiply imaged lensed background sources behind the clusters. We report spectroscopic or photometric redshifts of sources in these fields, including cluster galaxies and background sources. Based on all available lensing evidence, we construct and present strong-lensing mass models for these galaxy clusters. The clusters span a redshift range of 0.176<z<0.66 with a median redshift of z=0.45, and sample a wide range of dynamical masses, 1.5<M_200_<35x10^14^M_{sun}_, as estimated from their velocity dispersions. As these clusters were selected as lenses primarily owing to a fortuitous alignment with background galaxies that results in giant arcs, they exhibit a wide range in Einstein radii, 1.3"<{theta}_E_<23.1" for a source at z=2, with a median {theta}_E_=10.8".
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/448/2766
- Title:
- Strong lines in the optical/NIR for SN 2002bo
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/448/2766
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present 1D non-local thermodynamic equilibrium time-dependent radiative transfer simulations of a Chandrasekhar-mass delayed-detonation model which synthesizes 0.51 M_{sun}_ of ^56^Ni, and confront our results to the Type Ia supernova (SN Ia) 2002bo over the first 100d of its evolution. Assuming only homologous expansion, this same model reproduces the bolometric and multiband light curves, the secondary near-infrared (NIR) maxima, and the optical and NIR spectra. The chemical stratification of our model qualitatively agrees with previous inferences by Stehle et al. (2005MNRAS.360.1231S), but reveals significant quantitative differences for both iron-group and intermediate-mass elements. We show that +/-0.1 M_{sun}_ (i.e. +/-20 per cent) variations in ^56^Ni mass have a modest impact on the bolometric and colour evolution of our model. One notable exception is the U band, where a larger abundance of iron-group elements results in less opaque ejecta through ionization effects, our model with more ^56^Ni displaying a higher near-ultraviolet flux level. In the NIR range, such variations in ^56^Ni mass affect the timing of the secondary maxima but not their magnitude, in agreement with observational results. Moreover, the variation in the I, J, and K_s_ magnitudes is less than 0.1 mag within ~ 10d from bolometric maximum, confirming the potential of NIR photometry of SNe Ia for cosmology. Overall, the delayed-detonation mechanism in single Chandrasekhar-mass white dwarf progenitors seems well suited for SN 2002bo and similar SNe Ia displaying a broad SiII 6355{AA} line. Whatever multidimensional processes are at play during the explosion leading to these events, they must conspire to produce an ejecta comparable to our spherically symmetric model.
