- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/249/15
- Title:
- HST/COS obs. of QSO outflows in 500-1050{AA}. VII.
- Short Name:
- J/ApJS/249/15
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- From Hubble Space Telescope/Cosmic Origins Spectrograph spectra of five quasars, 16 outflows are detected. For 11 outflows, we are able to constrain their distances to the central source (R) and their energetics. In instances of multiple electron number density determinations (used in the calculation of R) for the same outflow, the values are consistent within errors. For the 11 outflows, eight have measurements for R (between 10 and 1000pc), one has a lower limit, another has an upper limit, and the last has a range in R. There are two outflows that have enough kinetic luminosity to be major contributors to active galactic nucleus feedback. The outflowing mass is found primarily in a very high-ionization phase, which is probed using troughs from, e.g., Ne VIII, Na IX, Mg X, and Si XII. Such ions connect the physical conditions of these ultraviolet outflows to the X-ray warm absorber outflows seen in nearby Seyfert galaxies. The ion Cl VII and several new transitions from Ne V have been detected for the first time.
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- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/871/35
- Title:
- HST/COS spectra of QSOs with SiIV data
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/871/35
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Every quasar (quasi-stellar object; QSO) spectrum contains absorption-line signatures from the interstellar medium, disk-halo interface, and circumgalactic medium (CGM) of the Milky Way (MW). We analyze Hubble Space Telescope/Cosmic Origins Spectrograph (COS) spectra of 132 QSOs to study the significance and origin of SiIV absorption at |v_LSR_|<=100km/s in the Galactic halo. The gas in the north predominantly falls in at -50<~v_LSR_<~0km/s, whereas in the south, no such pattern is observed. The SiIV column density has an average and a standard deviation of <N_SiIV_>=(3.8+/-1.4)x10^13^cm^-2^. At |b|>~30{deg}, N_SiIV_ does not significantly correlate with b, which cannot be explained by a commonly adopted flat-slab geometry. We propose a two-component model to reconstruct the N_SiIV_-b distribution: a plane-parallel component N_DH_^{perp}^ to account for the MW's disk-halo interface and a global component N_G_ to reproduce the weak dependence on b. We find N_DH_^{perp}^=1.3_-0.7_^+4.7^x10^12^cm^-2^ and N_G_=3.4+/-0.3)x10^13^cm^-2^ on the basis of Bayesian analyses and block bootstrapping. The global component is most likely to have a Galactic origin, although its exact location is uncertain. If it were associated with the MW's CGM, we would find M_gas,all_>~ 4.7x10^9^M_{sun}_(C_f_/1)(R/75kpc)^2^(f_SiIV_/0.3)^-1^(Z/0.3Z_{sun}_)^-1^ for the cool gas at all velocities in the Galactic halo. Our analyses show that there is likely a considerable amount of gas at |v_LSR_|<=100km/s hidden in the MW's CGM.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/230/6
- Title:
- HST -COS & -STIS absorption-line spectroscopy. II.
- Short Name:
- J/ApJS/230/6
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present basic data and modeling for a survey of the cool, photoionized circumgalactic medium (CGM) of low-redshift galaxies using far-UV QSO absorption-line probes. This survey consists of "targeted" and "serendipitous" CGM subsamples, originally described in Stocke+ (Paper I, 2013ApJ...763..148S). The targeted subsample probes low-luminosity, late-type galaxies at z<0.02 with small impact parameters (<{rho}>=71kpc), and the serendipitous subsample probes higher luminosity galaxies at z<~0.2 with larger impact parameters (<{rho}>=222kpc). Hubble Space Telescope and FUSE UV spectroscopy of the absorbers and basic data for the associated galaxies, derived from ground-based imaging and spectroscopy, are presented. We find broad agreement with the COS-Halos results, but our sample shows no evidence for changing ionization parameter or hydrogen density with distance from the CGM host galaxy, probably because the COS-Halos survey probes the CGM at smaller impact parameters. We find at least two passive galaxies with HI and metal-line absorption, confirming the intriguing COS-Halos result that galaxies sometimes have cool gas halos despite no on-going star formation. Using a new methodology for fitting HI absorption complexes, we confirm the CGM cool gas mass of Paper I, but this value is significantly smaller than that found by the COS-Halos survey. We trace much of this difference to the specific values of the low-z metagalactic ionization rate assumed. After accounting for this difference, a best-value for the CGM cool gas mass is found by combining the results of both surveys to obtain log(M/M_{sun}_)=10.5+/-0.3, or ~30% of the total baryon reservoir of an L>=L^*^, star-forming galaxy.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/817/111
- Title:
- HST/COS survey of z<0.9 AGNs. I.
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/817/111
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We use high-quality, medium-resolution Hubble Space Telescope/Cosmic Origins Spectrograph (HST/COS) observations of 82 UV-bright active galactic nuclei (AGNs) at redshifts z_AGN_<0.85 to construct the largest survey of the low-redshift intergalactic medium (IGM) to date: 5138 individual extragalactic absorption lines in HI and 25 different metal-ion species grouped into 2611 distinct redshift systems at z_abs_<0.75 covering total redshift pathlengths {Delta}z_HI_=21.7 and {Delta}z_OVI_=14.5. Our semi-automated line-finding and measurement technique renders the catalog as objectively defined as possible. The cumulative column density distribution of HI systems can be parametrized d N(>N)/dz=C_14_(N/10^14^/cm2)^-({beta}-1)^, with C_14_=25+/-1 and {beta}=1.65+/-0.02. This distribution is seen to evolve both in amplitude, C_14_{propto}(1+z)^2.3+/-0.1^, and slope {beta}(z)=1.75-0.31 z for z<=0.47. We observe metal lines in 418 systems, and find that the fraction of IGM absorbers detected in metals is strongly dependent on N_H1_. The distribution of OVI absorbers appears to evolve in the same sense as the Ly{alpha} forest. We calculate contributions to {Omega}_b_ from different components of the low-z IGM and determine the Ly{alpha} decrement as a function of redshift. IGM absorbers are analyzed via a two-point correlation function in velocity space. We find substantial clustering of HI absorbers on scales of {Delta}v=50-300km/s with no significant clustering at {Delta}v>~1000km/s. Splitting the sample into strong and weak absorbers, we see that most of the clustering occurs in strong, N_HI_>~10^13.5^/cm2, metal-bearing IGM systems.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/240/15
- Title:
- HST/COS UV obs. of low-z SDSS galaxy groups
- Short Name:
- J/ApJS/240/15
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- A small survey of the UV-absorbing gas in 12 low-z galaxy groups has been conducted using the Cosmic Origins Spectrograph on board the Hubble Space Telescope. Targets were selected from a large, homogeneously selected sample of groups found in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. A critical selection criterion excluded sight lines that pass close (<1.5 virial radii) to a group galaxy, to ensure absorber association with the group as a whole. Deeper galaxy redshift observations are used both to search for closer galaxies and also to characterize these 10^13.5^-10^14.5^M_{sun}_ groups, the most massive of which are highly virialized with numerous early-type galaxies (ETGs). This sample also includes two spiral-rich groups, not yet fully virialized. At group-centric impact parameters of 0.3-2Mpc, these signal-to-noise ratios = 15-30 spectra detected HI absorption in 7 of 12 groups; high (OVI) and low (SiIII) ion metal lines are present in two-thirds of the absorption components. None of the three most highly virialized, ETG-dominated groups are detected in absorption. Covering fractions >~50% are seen at all impact parameters probed, but do not require large filling factors despite an enormous extent. Unlike halo clouds in individual galaxies, group absorbers have radial velocities that are too low to escape the group potential well without doubt. This suggests that these groups are "closed boxes" for galactic evolution in the current epoch. Evidence is presented that the cool and warm group absorbers are not a pervasive intra-group medium (IGrM), requiring a hotter (T~10^6^-10^7^K) IGrM to be present to close the baryon accounting.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/756/171
- Title:
- HST far-UV survey of H2 emission of T Tau stars
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/756/171
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The formation timescale and final architecture of exoplanetary systems are closely related to the properties of the molecular disks from which they form. Observations of the spatial distribution and lifetime of the molecular gas at planet-forming radii (a<10AU) are important for understanding the formation and evolution of exoplanetary systems. Toward this end, we present the largest spectrally resolved survey of H_2_ emission around low-mass pre-main-sequence stars compiled to date. We use a combination of new and archival far-ultraviolet spectra from the Cosmic Origins Spectrograph and Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph instruments on the Hubble Space Telescope to sample 34 T Tauri stars (27 actively accreting Classical T Tauri Stars and 7 non-accreting Weak-lined T Tauri Stars) with ages ranging from ~1 to 10Myr. We observe fluorescent H_2_emission, excited by Ly{alpha} photons, in 100% of the accreting sources, including all of the transitional disks in our sample (CS Cha, DM Tau, GM Aur, UX Tau A, LkCa 15, HD 135344B, and TW Hya). The spatial distribution of the emitting gas is inferred from spectrally resolved H_2_ line profiles. Some of the emitting gas is produced in outflowing material, but the majority of H_2_ emission appears to originate in a rotating disk. For the disk-dominated targets, the H_2_ emission originates predominately at a<~3AU. The emission line widths and inner molecular radii are found to be roughly consistent with those measured from mid-IR CO spectra.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/140/143
- Title:
- HST FOS spectral atlas
- Short Name:
- J/ApJS/140/143
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We analyzed the absorption line spectra of all quasars observed with the high-resolution gratings of the Faint Object Spectrograph on board the Hubble Space Telescope. We examined 788 spectra for 334 quasars and present line lists and identifications of absorption lines in the spectra of 271 of them. Analysis of the statistics of the Ly{alpha} and metal absorption systems are presented in companion papers. The data and several analysis products are available on the authors' Web site, http://lithops.as.arizona.edu/~jill/QuasarSpectra .
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/812/109
- Title:
- HST & Keck spectroscopy of bright CEMP-s stars
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/812/109
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present an elemental-abundance analysis, in the near-ultraviolet (NUV) spectral range, for the bright carbon-enhanced metal-poor (CEMP) stars HD 196944 (V=8.40, [Fe/H]=-2.41) and HD 201626 (V=8.16, [Fe/H]=-1.51), based on data acquired with the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS) on the Hubble Space Telescope. Both of these stars belong to the sub-class CEMP-s, and exhibit clear over-abundances of heavy elements associated with production by the slow neutron-capture process. HD 196944 has been well-studied in the optical region, but we add abundance results for six species (Ge, Nb, Mo, Lu, Pt, and Au) that are only accessible in the NUV. In addition, we provide the first determination of its orbital period, P=1325 days. HD 201626 has only a limited number of abundance results based on previous optical work --here we add five new species from the NUV, including Pb. We compare these results with models of binary-system evolution and s-process element production in stars on the asymptotic giant branch, with the goal of explaining their origin and evolution. Our best-fitting models for HD 196944 (M_1,i_=0.9M_{sun}_, M_2,i_=0.86M_{sun}_, for [Fe/H]=-2.2), and HD 201626 (M_1,i_=0.9M_{sun}_, M_2,i_=0.76M_{sun}_ for [Fe/H]=-2.2; M_1,i_=1.6M_{sun}_, M_2,i_=0.59M_{sun}_ for [Fe/H]=-1.5) are consistent with the current accepted scenario for the formation of CEMP-s stars.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/513/168
- Title:
- HST observations of carbon in spiral galaxies
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/513/168
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present measurements of the gas-phase abundance ratio C/O in six H II regions in the spiral galaxies M101 and NGC 2403, based on ultraviolet spectroscopy using the Faint Object Spectrograph on the Hubble Space Telescope. The ratios of C to O increase systematically with O/H in both galaxies, from log(C/O){~=}-0.8 at log(O/H){~=}-4.0 to log(C/O){~=}-0.1 at log(O/H){~=}-3.4. C/N shows no correlation with O/H. The rate of increase of C/O is somewhat uncertain because of uncertainty as to the appropriate UV reddening law and uncertainty in the metallicity dependence on grain depletions. However, the trend of increasing C/O with O/H is clear, confirming and extending the trend in C/O indicated previously from observations of irregular galaxies. Our data indicate that the radial gradients in C/H across spiral galaxies are steeper than the gradients in O/H. Comparing the data to chemical-evolution models for spiral galaxies shows that models in which the massive star yields do not vary with metallicity predict radial C/O gradients that are much flatter than the observed gradients.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/818/113
- Title:
- HST observations of QSOs with medium spectra
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/818/113
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We use the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) archive of ultraviolet (UV) quasar spectroscopy to conduct the first blind survey for damped Ly{alpha} absorbers (DLAs) at low redshift (z<1.6). Our statistical sample includes 463 quasars with spectral coverage spanning a total redshift path {Delta}z=123.3 or an absorption path {Delta}X=229.7. Within this survey path, we identify 4 DLAs defined as absorbers with HI column density N_HI_>=10^20.3^/cm2, which implies an incidence per absorption length lDLA(X)=0.017_-0.008_^+0.014^ at a median survey path redshift of z=0.623. While our estimate of l_DLA_(X) is lower than earlier estimates at z~0 from HI 21cm emission studies, the results are consistent within the measurement uncertainties. Our data set is too small to properly sample the N_HI_ frequency distribution function f(N_HI_,X), but the observed distribution agrees with previous estimates at z>2. Adopting the z>2 shape of f(N_HI_, X), we infer an HI mass density at z~0.6 of {rho}_HI_^DLA^=0.25_-0.12_^+0.20^. This is significantly lower than previous estimates from targeted DLA surveys with the HST, but consistent with results from low-z HI 21cm observations, and suggests that the neutral gas density of the universe has been decreasing over the past 10Gyr.
