- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/467/1003
- Title:
- Photometry of star clusters in NGC 1380
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/467/1003
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- NGC 1380 is a lenticular galaxy located near the center of the Fornax Cluster, northeast of NGC 1399. The globular cluster system of this galaxy was previously studied only from the ground. Recent studies of similar early-type galaxies, specially lenticular ones, reveal the existence of star clusters that apparently break up the traditional open/globular cluster dichotomy. With higher quality photometry from HST/WFPC2 we study the star clusters in NGC 1380, measuring their magnitudes, colours, sizes and projected distances from the center of the galaxy. We used deep archival HST/WFPC2 in the B and V bands. We built colour magnitude diagrams from which we selected a sample of cluster candidates. We also analysed their colour distribution and measured their sizes. Based on their location in the luminosity-size diagram we estimated probabilities of them being typical globular clusters as those found in the Galaxy. A total of about 570 cluster candidates were found down to V=26.5. We measured sizes for approximately 200 of them. The observed colour distribution has three apparent peaks. Likewise for the size distribution. We identified the smaller population as being mainly typical globular clusters, while the more extended objects have small probabilities of being such objects. Different correlations between absolute magnitudes, sizes, colours and location were inferred for these cluster sub-populations. Most extended clusters (Reff>4pc) share similar properties to the diffuse star clusters reported to inhabit luminous early-type galaxies in the Virgo galaxy cluster such as being of low surface brightness and fainter than MV~-8. We also report on a small group of (R_eff_~10pc), -8<MV<-6, red clusters located near the centre of NGC 1380, which may be interpreted as faint fuzzies.
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- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/151/58
- Title:
- Photometry of stars at NAOR and ASV in 2013-2014
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/151/58
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Using the 2m telescope of the Bulgarian National Astronomical Observatory at Rozhen, observations of 271 double or multiple stars were carried out during seven nights in 2013 and 2014. This is the eighth series of measurements of CCD frames of double and multiple stars obtained at Rozhen. Also in 2013 and 2014, using the 0.6m telescope of the Serbian Astronomical Station on the mountain of Vidojevica, observations of 343 double or multiple stars were carried out during 21 nights. This is the third series of measurements of CCD frames of double and multiple stars obtained at this station. In this paper, we present the results for the position angle and angular separation for 721 pairs and residuals for 126 pairs with published orbital elements or linear solutions. These observations have angular separations in the range from 1.24'' to 202.30'', with a median angular separation of 7.17''. We also present eight linear solutions that have been calculated for the first time.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/158/215
- Title:
- Photometry of stars at NAOR and ASV in 2017-2018
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/158/215
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We give the results of CCD observations for 789 double or multiple stars obtained during 2017 and 2018. These observations were carried out at both the Serbian Astronomical Station on the mountain of Vidojevica (ASV) and the Bulgarian National Astronomical Observatory at Rozhen (NAOR). They were performed using three telescopes, the 1.4 and 0.6 m telescopes at ASV, and the 2 m telescope at NAOR. The total of 1196 measurements (position angle and angular separation) for the 939 pairs is presented. Out of this number, 55 pairs have calculated orbital or linear elements and for them the residuals are given. Some pairs have measurements for several epochs. Measured angular separations are in the interval from 1.51" to 208.81", with a median separation of 4.16". Two new pairs and linear elements for three pairs, which are calculated for the first time, are also presented.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/812/133
- Title:
- 1889-2015 photometry of Stingray nebula
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/812/133
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Up until around 1980, the Stingray was an ordinary B1 post-AGB star, but then it suddenly sprouted bright emission lines like in a planetary nebula (PN), and soon after this the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) discovered a small PN around the star, so apparently we have caught a star in the act of ionizing a PN. We report here on a well-sampled light curve from 1889 to 2015, with unique coverage of the prior century plus the entire duration of the PN formation plus three decades of its aftermath. Surprisingly, the star anticipated the 1980s ionization event by declining from B=10.30 in 1889 to B=10.76 in 1980. Starting in 1980, the central star faded fast, at a rate of 0.20mag/yr, reaching B=14.64 in 1996. This fast fading is apparently caused by the central star shrinking in size. From 1994 to 2015, the V-band light curve is almost entirely from the flux of two bright [OIII] emission lines from the unresolved nebula, and it shows a consistent decline at a rate of 0.090mag/yr. This steady fading (also seen in the radio and infrared) has a timescale equal to that expected for ordinary recombination within the nebula, immediately after a short-duration ionizing event in the 1980s. We are providing the first direct measure of the rapidly changing luminosity of the central star on both sides of a presumed thermal pulse in 1980, with this providing a strong and critical set of constraints, and these are found to sharply disagree with theoretical models of PN evolution.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/359/597
- Title:
- Photometry of SX Phe stars in globular clusters
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/359/597
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present for the first time a catalogue of SX Phe-type pulsating variables in globular clusters. In addition, SX Phe variables discovered in the Carina dwarf galaxy and other ones probably belonging to the Sagittarius dwarf galaxy are included. This catalogue is intended to be an up-dated list of all the SX Phe stars, in globular clusters and galaxies, known until now, covering information published up to January, 2000. In summary, 149 variables are presented in our list for SX Phe-type variables belonging to 18 globular clusters and 2 galaxies. Some relevant distributions are also shown. The analysis of metal abundances and mean periods shows that both parameters are correlated in the sense that the periods of the variables are longer as the metallicity of the stellar system is higher.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/455/1027
- Title:
- Photometry of the afterglow of GRB 130831A
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/455/1027
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are the most luminous explosions in the Universe, yet the nature and physical properties of their energy sources are far from understood. Very important clues, however, can be inferred by studying the afterglows of these events. We present optical and X-ray observations of GRB 130831A obtained by Swift, Chandra, Skynet, Reionization And Transients Infra-Red camera, Maidanak, International Scientific Optical-Observation Network, Nordic Optical Telescope, Liverpool Telescope and Gran Telescopio Canarias. This burst shows a steep drop in the X-ray light curve at ~10^5^ s after the trigger, with a power-law decay index of {alpha}~6. Such a rare behaviour cannot be explained by the standard forward shock (FS) model and indicates that the emission, up to the fast decay at 10^5^ s, must be of "internal origin", produced by a dissipation process within an ultrarelativistic outflow. We propose that the source of such an outflow, which must produce the X-ray flux for ~1 d in the cosmological rest frame, is a newly born magnetar or black hole. After the drop, the faint X-ray afterglow continues with a much shallower decay. The optical emission, on the other hand, shows no break across the X-ray steep decrease, and the late-time decays of both the X-ray and optical are consistent. Using both the X-ray and optical data, we show that the emission after ~10^5^ s can be explained well by the FS model. We model our data to derive the kinetic energy of the ejecta and thus measure the efficiency of the central engine of a GRB with emission of internal origin visible for a long time. Furthermore, we break down the energy budget of this GRB into the prompt emission, the late internal dissipation, the kinetic energy of the relativistic ejecta, and compare it with the energy of the associated supernova, SN 2013 fu.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/760/L33
- Title:
- Photometry of the Ic supernova PTF12gzk
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/760/L33
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present the discovery and extensive early-time observations of the Type Ic supernova (SN) PTF12gzk. Our light curves show a rise of 0.8mag within 2.5hr. Power-law fits (f(t){prop.to}(t-t_0_)^n^) to these data constrain the explosion date to within one day. We cannot rule out a quadratic fireball model, but higher values of n are possible as well for larger areas in the fit parameter space. Our bolometric light curve and a dense spectral sequence are used to estimate the physical parameters of the exploding star and of the explosion. We show that the photometric evolution of PTF12gzk is slower than that of most SNe Ic. The high ejecta expansion velocities we measure (~30000km/s derived from line minima four days after explosion) are similar to the observed velocities of broad-lined SNe Ic associated with gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) rather than to normal SN Ic velocities. Yet, this SN does not show the persistent broad lines that are typical of broad-lined SNe Ic. The host-galaxy characteristics are also consistent with GRB-SN hosts, and not with normal SN Ic hosts. By comparison with the spectroscopically similar SN 2004aw, we suggest that the observed properties of PTF12gzk indicate an initial progenitor mass of 25-35M_{sun}_ and a large ((5-10)x10^51^erg) kinetic energy, the later being close to the regime of GRB-SN properties.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/880/120
- Title:
- Photometry of the tidal disruption event PS18kh
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/880/120
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present the discovery of PS18kh, a tidal disruption event discovered at the center of SDSS J075654.53+341543.6 (d~322Mpc) by the Pan-STARRS Survey for Transients. Our data set includes pre-discovery survey data from Pan-STARRS, the All-sky Automated Survey for Supernovae, and the Asteroid Terrestrial-impact Last Alert System as well as high-cadence, multiwavelength follow-up data from ground-based telescopes and Swift, spanning from 56 days before peak light until 75days after. The optical/UV emission from PS18kh is well-fit as a blackbody with temperatures ranging from T~12000K to T~25000K and it peaked at a luminosity of L~8.8x10^43^erg/s. PS18kh radiated E=(3.45+/-0.22)x10^50^erg over the period of observation, with (1.42+/-0.20)x10^50^erg being released during the rise to peak. Spectra of PS18kh show a changing, boxy/double-peaked H{alpha} emission feature, which becomes more prominent over time. We use models of non-axisymmetric accretion disks to describe the profile of the H{alpha} line and its evolution. We find that at early times the high accretion rate leads the disk to emit a wind which modifies the shape of the line profile and makes it bell-shaped. At late times, the wind becomes optically thin, allowing the non-axisymmetric perturbations to show up in the line profile. The line-emitting portion of the disk extends from r_in_~60r_g_ to an outer radius of r_out_~1400r_g_ and the perturbations can be represented either as an eccentricity in the outer rings of the disk or as a spiral arm in the inner disk.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/844/46
- Title:
- Photometry of the transient event iPTF16fnl
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/844/46
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present ground-based and Swift observations of iPTF16fnl, a likely tidal disruption event (TDE) discovered by the intermediate Palomar Transient Factory (iPTF) survey at 66.6Mpc. The light curve of the object peaked at an absolute mag M_g_=-17.2. The maximum bolometric luminosity (from optical and UV) was L_p_~(1.0+/-0.15)x10^43^erg/s, an order of magnitude fainter than any other optical TDE discovered so far. The luminosity in the first 60 days is consistent with an exponential decay, with L{propto}e^-(t-t_0_)/{tau}^, where t_0_=57631.0 (MJD) and {tau}~15 days. The X-ray shows a marginal detection at L_X_=2.4_-1.1_^1.9^x10^39^erg/s (Swift X-ray Telescope). No radio counterpart was detected down to 3{sigma}, providing upper limits for monochromatic radio luminosities of {nu}L_{nu}_<2.3x10^36^erg/s and {nu}L_{nu}_<1.7x10^37^erg/s (Very Large Array, 6.1 and 22GHz). The blackbody temperature, obtained from combined Swift UV and optical photometry, shows a constant value of 19000K. The transient spectrum at peak is characterized by broad HeII and H{alpha} emission lines, with FWHMs of about 14000km/s and 10000km/s, respectively. HeI lines are also detected at {lambda}{lambda}5875 and 6678. The spectrum of the host is dominated by strong Balmer absorption lines, which are consistent with a post-starburst (E+A) galaxy with an age of ~650Myr and solar metallicity. The characteristics of iPTF16fnl make it an outlier on both luminosity and decay timescales, as compared to other optically selected TDEs. The discovery of such a faint optical event suggests a higher rate of tidal disruptions, as low-luminosity events may have gone unnoticed in previous searches.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/729/143
- Title:
- Photometry of type IIn SN 2008am
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/729/143
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present observations and interpretation of the Type IIn supernova SN 2008am discovered by the ROTSE Supernova Verification Project (RSVP). SN 2008am peaked at approximately -22.3mag at a redshift of z=0.2338, giving it a peak luminosity of ~3x10^44^erg/s and making it one of the most luminous supernovae ever observed. The host galaxy appears to be an SB1 of normal luminosity (M_r'_~-20) with metallicity Z~0.4Z_{sun}_. ROTSE upper limits and detections constrain the rise time to be ~34 days in the rest frame, significantly shorter than similar events, SN 2006gy and SN 2006tf. Photometric observations in the ultraviolet, optical, and infrared bands (J, H, Ks) constrain the spectral energy distribution evolution. We obtained six optical spectra of the supernova, five on the early decline from maximum light and a sixth nearly a year later plus a very late time spectrum (~2yr) of the host galaxy. The spectra of SN 2008am show strong Balmer-line and HeI5876 emission with intermediate widths (~25{AA}) in the first ~40 days after optical maximum.
