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1001. XMM spectral analysis of Draco dSph
ID:
ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/821/54
Title:
XMM spectral analysis of Draco dSph
Short Name:
J/ApJ/821/54
Date:
21 Oct 2021
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
We present the spectral analysis of an 87ks XMM-Newton observation of Draco, a nearby dwarf spheroidal galaxy. Of the approximately 35 robust X-ray source detections, we focus our attention on the brightest of these sources, for which we report X-ray and multiwavelength parameters. While most of the sources exhibit properties consistent with active galactic nuclei, few of them possess the characteristics of low-mass X-ray binaries (LMXBs) and cataclysmic variable (CVs). Our analysis places constraints on the population of X-ray sources with LX>3x10^33^erg/s in Draco, suggesting that there are no actively accreting black hole and neutron star binaries. However, we find four sources that could be quiescent state LMXBs/CVs associated with Draco. We also place constraints on the central black hole luminosity and on a dark matter decay signal around 3.5keV.
1002. X-ray AGN content of Molonglo 408MHz survey
ID:
ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/281/355
Title:
X-ray AGN content of Molonglo 408MHz survey
Short Name:
J/A+A/281/355
Date:
21 Oct 2021
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
The cross-correlation of a source list from the ROSAT All-Sky Survey with the Molonglo 408MHz survey (MRC) yields to a catalogue of 549 sources. The majority of the objects are quasars and radio galaxies with known optical counterparts; more than one third of the objects are optically unidentified.
1003. X-ray AGN from RASS and SDSS
ID:
ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/126/2209
Title:
X-ray AGN from RASS and SDSS
Short Name:
J/AJ/126/2209
Date:
21 Oct 2021
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
We describe the initial results of a new program aimed to ultimately yield ~10^4^ fully characterized X-ray source identifications - a sample about an order of magnitude larger than earlier efforts. The technique is detailed and employs X-ray data from the ROSAT All-Sky Survey (RASS, Cat. <IX/10>, <IX/29>) and optical imaging and spectroscopic follow-up from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS, <J/AJ/123/567>); these two surveys prove to be serendipitously very well matched in sensitivity. As part of the SDSS software pipelines, optical objects in the SDSS photometric catalogs are automatically positionally cross-correlated with RASS X-ray sources. Then priorities for follow-on SDSS optical spectra of candidate counterparts are automatically assigned using an algorithm based on the known ratios of fX/fopt for various classes of X-ray emitters at typical RASS fluxes of 10^-13^ergs/cm^2^/s. SDSS photometric parameters for optical morphology, magnitude, and colors, plus FIRST radio information, serve as proxies for object class.
1004. X-ray AGNs with Subaru/FMOS NIR observations
ID:
ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/815/129
Title:
X-ray AGNs with Subaru/FMOS NIR observations
Short Name:
J/ApJ/815/129
Date:
21 Oct 2021
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
We investigate the Eddington ratio distribution of X-ray-selected broad-line active galactic nuclei (AGNs) in the redshift range 1.0<z<2.2, where the number density of AGNs peaks. Combining the optical and Subaru/Fiber Multi Object Spectrograph near-infrared spectroscopy, we estimate black hole masses for broad-line AGNs in the Chandra Deep Field South (CDF-S), Extended Chandra Deep Field South (E-CDF-S), and the XMM-Newton Lockman Hole (XMM-LH) surveys. AGNs with similar black hole masses show a broad range of AGN bolometric luminosities, which are calculated from X-ray luminosities, indicating that the accretion rate of black holes is widely distributed. We find a substantial fraction of massive black holes accreting significantly below the Eddington limit at z<~2, in contrast to what is generally found for luminous AGNs at high redshift. Our analysis of observational selection biases indicates that the "AGN cosmic downsizing" phenomenon can be simply explained by the strong evolution of the comoving number density at the bright end of the AGN luminosity function, together with the corresponding selection effects. However, one might need to consider a correlation between the AGN luminosity and the accretion rate of black holes, in which luminous AGNs have higher Eddington ratios than low-luminosity AGNs, in order to understand the relatively small fraction of low-luminosity AGNs with high accretion rates in this epoch. Therefore, the observed downsizing trend could be interpreted as massive black holes with low accretion rates, which are relatively fainter than less-massive black holes with efficient accretion.
1005. X-ray and radio emission of type 1 AGNs
ID:
ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/545/A66
Title:
X-ray and radio emission of type 1 AGNs
Short Name:
J/A+A/545/A66
Date:
21 Oct 2021
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
X-ray emission from Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) is dominated by the accretion disk around a supermassive black hole. The radio luminosity, however, has not such a clear origin except in the most powerful sources where jets are evident. The origin (and even the very existence) of the local bi-modal distribution in radio-loudness is also a debated issue. By analysing X-ray, optical and radio properties of a large sample of type 1 AGN and quasars (QSOs) up to z>2, where the bulk of this population resides, we aim to explore the interplay between radio and X-ray emission in AGN, in order to further our knowledge on the origin of radio emission, and its relation to accretion. We analyse a large (~800 sources) sample of type 1 AGN and QSOs selected from the 2XMMi XMM-Newton X-ray source catalogue, cross-correlated with the SDSS DR7 spectroscopic catalogue, covering a redshift range from z~0.3 to z~2.3. Supermassive black hole masses are estimated from the Mg II emission line, bolometric luminosities from the X-ray data, and radio emission or upper limits from the FIRST catalogue. Most of the sources accrete close to the Eddington limit and the distribution in radio-loudness does not appear to have a bi-modal behaviour. We confirm that radio-loud AGN are also X-ray loud, with an X-ray-to-optical ratio up to twice that of radio-quiet objects, even excluding the most extreme strongly jetted sources. By analysing complementary radio-selected control samples, we find evidence that these conclusions are not an effect of the X-ray selection, but are likely a property of the dominant QSO population. Our findings are best interpreted in a context where radio emission in AGN, with the exception of a minority of beamed sources, arises from very close to the accretion disk and is therefore heavily linked to X-ray emission. We also speculate that the radio-loud/radio-quiet dichotomy might either be an evolutionary effect that developed well after the QSO peak epoch, or an effect of incompleteness in small samples.
1006. X-ray binaries observed in M31 with Chandra
ID:
ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/780/83
Title:
X-ray binaries observed in M31 with Chandra
Short Name:
J/ApJ/780/83
Date:
21 Oct 2021
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
We have created 0.3-10keV, 13yr, unabsorbed luminosity light curves for 528 X-ray sources in the central 20' of M31. We have 174 Chandra observations spaced at ~1 month intervals due to our transient monitoring program, deeper observations of the M31 nucleus, and some public data from other surveys. We created 0.5-4.5keV structure functions (SFs) for each source for comparison with the ensemble SF of active galactic nuclei (AGN). We find 220 X-ray sources with luminosities >~10^35^erg/s that have SFs with significantly more variability than the ensemble AGN SF, and which are likely X-ray binaries (XBs). A further 30 X-ray sources were identified as XBs using other methods. We therefore have 250 probable XBs in total, including ~200 new identifications. This result represents great progress over the ~50 XBs and ~40 XB candidates previously identified out of the ~2000 X-ray sources within the D_25_ region of M31; it also demonstrates the power of SF analysis for identifying XBs in external galaxies. We also identify a new transient black hole candidate, associated with the M31 globular cluster B128.
1007. X-ray bright AGN in massive galaxy clusters
ID:
ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/446/2709
Title:
X-ray bright AGN in massive galaxy clusters
Short Name:
J/MNRAS/446/2709
Date:
21 Oct 2021
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
We present the results of a new analysis of the X-ray selected active galactic nuclei (AGN) population residing in and behind 135 of the most massive galaxy clusters in the redshift range of 0.2<z<0.9 observed with Chandra. With a sample of more than 11000 X-ray point sources, we are able to measure, for the first time, evidence for evolution in the cluster AGN population beyond the expected evolution of field AGN. Our analysis shows that overall number density of cluster AGN scales with the cluster mass as ~M_500_-1.2. There is no evidence for the overall number density of cluster member X-ray AGN depending on the cluster redshift in a manner different than field AGN, nor is there any evidence that the spatial distribution of cluster AGN (given in units of the cluster overdensity radius r_500_) strongly depends on the cluster mass or redshift. The M^-1.2+/-0.7^ scaling relation we measure is consistent with theoretical predictions of the galaxy merger rate in clusters, which is expected to scale with the cluster velocity dispersion, {sigma}, as ~{sigma}^-3^ or ~M^-1^. This consistency suggests that galaxy mergers may be an important contributor to the cluster AGN population, a result that is further corroborated by visual inspection of Hubble images for 23 spectroscopically confirmed cluster member AGN in our sample. A merger-driven scenario for the triggering of X-ray AGN is not strongly favoured by studies of field galaxies, however, suggesting that different mechanisms may be primarily responsible for the triggering of cluster and field X-ray AGN.
1008. X-ray-bright optically faint AGN
ID:
ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/PASJ/70/S36
Title:
X-ray-bright optically faint AGN
Short Name:
J/PASJ/70/S36
Date:
21 Oct 2021
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
We construct a sample of X-ray-bright optically faint active galactic nuclei by combining Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam, XMM-Newton, and infrared source catalogs. Fifty-three X-ray sources satisfying i-band magnitude fainter than 23.5mag and X-ray counts with the EPIC-PN detector larger than 70 are selected from 9.1 deg^2^, and their spectral energy distributions (SEDs) and X-ray spectra are analyzed. Forty-four objects with an X-ray to i-band flux ratio FX/Fi>10 are classified as extreme X-ray-to-optical flux sources. Spectral energy distributions of 48 among 53 are represented by templates of type 2 AGNs or star-forming galaxies and show the optical signature of stellar emission from host galaxies in the source rest frame. Infrared/optical SEDs indicate a significant contribution of emission from dust to the infrared fluxes, and that the central AGN is dust obscured. The photometric redshifts determined from the SEDs are in the range of 0.6-2.5. The X-ray spectra are fitted by an absorbed power-law model, and the intrinsic absorption column densities are modest (best-fit logNH=20.5-23.5cm^-2^ in most cases). The absorption-corrected X-ray luminosities are in the range of 6x10^42^-2x10^45^erg/s. Twenty objects are classified as type 2 quasars based on X-ray luminosity and NH. The optical faintness is explained by a combination of redshifts (mostly z>1.0), strong dust extinction, and in part a large ratio of dust/gas.
1009. X-ray detection of radio-selected SF galaxies
ID:
ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/542/A16
Title:
X-ray detection of radio-selected SF galaxies
Short Name:
J/A+A/542/A16
Date:
21 Oct 2021
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
X-ray surveys contain sizable numbers of star forming galaxies, beyond the AGN which usually make the majority of detections. Many methods to separate the two populations are used in the literature, based on X-ray and multiwavelength properties. We aim at a detailed test of the classification schemes and to study the X-ray properties of the resulting samples. We build on a sample of galaxies selected at 1.4GHz in the VLA-COSMOS survey, classified by Smolcic et al. (2008ApJS..177...14S) according to their optical colours and observed with Chandra. A similarly selected control sample of AGN is also used for comparison. We review some X-ray based classification criteria and check how they affect the sample composition. The efficiency of the classification scheme devised by Smolcic et al. (2008ApJS..177...14S) is such that ~30% of composite/misclassified objects are expected because of the higher X-ray brightness of AGN with respect to galaxies. The latter fraction is actually 50% in the X-ray detected sources, while it is expected to be much lower among X-ray undetected sources. Indeed, the analysis of the stacked spectrum of undetected sources shows, consistently, strongly different properties between the AGN and galaxy samples. X-ray based selection criteria are then used to refine both samples. The radio/X-ray luminosity correlation for star forming (SF) galaxies is found to hold with the same X-ray/radio ratio valid for nearby galaxies. Some evolution of the ratio may be possible for sources at high redshift or high luminosity, tough it is likely explained by a bias arising from the radio selection. Finally, we discuss the X-ray number counts of star forming galaxies from the VLA- and C-COSMOS surveys according to different selection criteria, and compare them to the similar determination from the Chandra Deep Fields. The classification scheme proposed here may find application in future works and surveys.
1010. X-ray flux variability of AGN
ID:
ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/466/3309
Title:
X-ray flux variability of AGN
Short Name:
J/MNRAS/466/3309
Date:
21 Oct 2021
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
We present results of a systematic study of flux variability on hourly time-scales in a large sample of active galactic nuclei (AGN) in the 3-79keV band using data from Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array. Our sample consists of four BL Lac objects (BL Lacs), three flat spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs) 24 Seyfert 1, 42 Seyfert 2 and eight narrow line Seyfert 1 (NLSy1) galaxies. We find that in the 3-79keV band, about 65 per cent of the sources in our sample show significant variations on hourly time-scales. Using the Mann-Whitney U-test and the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, we find no difference in the variability behaviour between Seyfert 1 and 2 galaxies. The blazar sources (FSRQs and BL Lacs) in our sample are more variable than Seyfert galaxies that include Seyfert 1 and Seyfert 2 in the soft (3-10keV), hard (10-79keV) and total (3-79keV) bands. NLSy1 galaxies show the highest duty cycle of variability (87 per cent), followed by BL Lacs (82 per cent), Seyfert galaxies (56 per cent) and FSRQs (23 per cent). We obtained flux doubling/halving time in the hard X-ray band less than 10 min in 11 sources. The flux variations between the hard and soft bands in all the sources in our sample are consistent with zero lag.