- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/160/32
- Title:
- beta Cephei light curves from KELT project
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/160/32
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present the results of a search for Galactic {beta} Cephei stars, which are massive pulsating stars with both pressure modes and mixed modes. Thus, these stars can serve as benchmarks for seismological studies of the interiors of massive stars. We conducted the search by performing a frequency analysis on the optical light curves of known O- and B-type stars with data from the Kilodegree Extremely Little Telescope exoplanet survey. We identify 113 {beta} Cephei stars, of which 86 are new discoveries, which altogether represent a 70% increase in the number currently known. An additional 97 candidates are identified. Among our targets, we find five new eclipsing binaries and 22 stars with equal frequency spacings suggestive of rotational splitting of nonradial pulsation modes. Candidates for runaway stars among our targets and a number of interesting individual objects are discussed. Most of the known and newly discovered {beta} Cephei stars will be observed by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite mission, providing by far the most comprehensive observational data set of massive main-sequence pulsating stars of sufficient quality for detailed asteroseismic studies. Future analysis of these light curves has the potential to dramatically increase our understanding of the structure of stellar interiors and the physical processes taking place therein.
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Search Results
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/626/A121
- Title:
- Buoyancy radius of {gamma} Dor stars
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/626/A121
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Helioseismology and asteroseismology of red giant stars have shown that distribution of angular momentum in stellar interiors, and the evolution of this distribution with time remains an open issue in stellar physics. Owing to the unprecedented quality and long baseline of Kepler photometry, we are able to seismically infer internal rotation rates in {gamma} Doradus stars, which provide the main-sequence counterpart to the red-giants puzzle. Here, we confront these internal rotation rates to stellar evolution models which account for rotationally induced transport of angular momentum, in order to test angular momentum transport mechanisms. On the one hand, we used a stellar model-independent method developed by our team in order to obtain accurate, seismically inferred, buoyancy radii and near-core rotation for 37 {gamma} Doradus stars observed by Kepler. We show that the stellar buoyancy radius can be used as a reliable evolution indicator for field stars on the main sequence. On the other hand, we computed rotating evolutionary models of intermediate-mass stars including internal transport of angular momentum in radiative zones, following the formalism developed in the series of papers started by Zahn (1992A&A...265..115Z), with the cestam code. This code calculates the rotational history of stars from the birth line to the tip of the RGB. The initial angular momentum content has to be set initially, which is done here by fitting rotation periods in young stellar clusters. We show a clear disagreement between the near-core rotation rates measured in the sample and the rotation rates obtained from the evolutionary models including rotationally induced transport of angular momentum following Zahn's prescriptions. These results show a disagreement similar to that of the Sun and red giant stars in the considered mass range. This suggests the existence of missing mechanisms responsible for the braking of the core before and along the main sequence. The efficiency of the missing mechanisms is investigated. The transport of angular momentum as formalized by Zahn and Maeder cannot explain the measurements of near-core rotation in main-sequence intermediate-mass stars we have at hand.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/469/3802
- Title:
- Compact binary systems around Kepler red giants
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/469/3802
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present an analysis of 168 oscillating red giants from NASA's Kepler mission that exhibit anomalous peaks in their Fourier amplitude spectra. These peaks result from ellipsoidal variations that are indicative of binary star systems, at frequencies such that the orbit of any stellar companion would be within the convective envelope of the red giant. Alternatively, the observed phenomenon may be due to a close binary orbiting a red giant in a triple system, or chance alignments of foreground or background binary systems contaminating the target pixel aperture. We identify 87 stars in the sample as chance alignments using a combination of pixel Fourier analysis and difference imaging. We find that in the remaining 81 cases, the anomalous peaks are indistinguishable from the target star to within 4 arcsec, suggesting a physical association. We examine a GALAXIA model of the Kepler field of view to estimate background star counts and find that it is highly unlikely that all targets can be explained by chance alignments. From this, we conclude that these stars may comprise a population of physically associated systems.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/887/203
- Title:
- Core rotation period measurements of KIC stars
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/887/203
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Stars between two and three solar masses rotate rapidly on the main sequence, and the detection of slow core and surface rotation in the core-helium burning phase for these stars places strong constraints on their angular momentum transport and loss. From a detailed asteroseismic study of the mixed-dipole mode pattern in a carefully selected, representative sample of stars, we find that slow core rotation rates in the range reported by prior studies are a general phenomenon and not a selection effect. We show that the core rotation rates of these stars decline strongly with decreasing surface gravity during the core He-burning phase. We argue that this is a model-independent indication of significant rapid angular momentum transport between the cores and envelopes of these stars. We see a significant range in core rotation rates at all surface gravities, with little evidence for a convergence toward a uniform value. We demonstrate using evolutionary models that measured surface rotation periods are a biased tracer of the true surface rotation distribution, and we argue for using stellar models for interpreting the contrast between core and surface rotation rates. The core rotation rates we measure do not have a strong mass or metallicity dependence. We argue that the emerging data strongly favor a model where angular momentum transport is much more efficient during the core He-burning phase than in the shell-burning phases that precede and follow it.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/469/4578
- Title:
- Deep learning classification in asteroseismology
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/469/4578
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- In the power spectra of oscillating red giants, there are visually distinct features defining stars ascending the red giant branch from those that have commenced helium core burning. We train a 1D convolutional neural network by supervised learning to automatically learn these visual features from images of folded oscillation spectra. By training and testing on Kepler red giants, we achieve an accuracy of up to 99 per cent in separating helium-burning red giants from those ascending the red giant branch. The convolutional neural network additionally shows capability in accurately predicting the evolutionary states of 5379 previously unclassified Kepler red giants, by which we now have greatly increased the number of classified stars.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/471/2491
- Title:
- delta Scuti stars seismic and physical observables
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/471/2491
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Asteroseismology is witnessing a revolution, thanks to high-precise asteroseismic space data (MOST, COROT, Kepler, BRITE) and their large ground-based follow-up programs. Those instruments have provided an unprecedented large amount of information, which allows us to scrutinize its statistical properties in the quest for hidden relations among pulsational and/or physical observables. This approach might be particularly useful for stars whose pulsation content is difficult to interpret. This is the case of intermediate-mass classical pulsating stars (i.e. {gamma} Dor, {delta} Scuti, hybrids) for which current theories do not properly predict the observed oscillation spectra. Here, we establish a first step in finding such hidden relations from data mining techniques for these stars. We searched for those hidden relations in a sample of {delta} Scuti and hybrid stars observed by COROT and Kepler (74 and 153, respectively). No significant correlations between pairs of observables were found. However, two statistically significant correlations emerged from multivariable correlations in the observed seismic data, which describe the total number of observed frequencies and the largest one, respectively. Moreover, three different sets of stars were found to cluster according to their frequency density distribution. Such sets are in apparent agreement with the asteroseismic properties commonly accepted for A-F pulsating stars.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/614/A46
- Title:
- delta Scuti stars <Teff>-{nu}max relation
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/614/A46
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- CoRoT and Kepler high-precision photometric data allowed the detection and characterization of the oscillation parameters in stars other than the Sun. Moreover, thanks to the scaling relations, it is possible to estimate masses and radii for thousands of solar-type oscillating stars. Recently, a {Delta}{nu}-{rho} relation has been found for delta Scuti stars. Now, analysing several hundreds of this kind of stars observed with CoRoT and Kepler, we present an empiric relation between their frequency at maximum power of their oscillation spectra and their effective temperature. Such a relation can be explained with the help of the {kappa}-mechanism and the observed dispersion of the residuals is compatible with they being caused by the gravity-darkening effect.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/638/A59
- Title:
- delta Scuti stars with TESS
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/638/A59
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Thanks to high-precision photometric data legacy from space telescopes like CoRoT and Kepler, the scientific community could detect and characterize the power spectra of hundreds of thousands of stars. Using the scaling relations, it is possible to estimate masses and radii for solar-type pulsators. However, these stars are not the only kind of stellar objects that follow these rules: delta Scuti stars seem to be characterized with seismic indexes such as the large separation. Thanks to long-duration high-cadence TESS light curves, we analysed more than two thousand of this kind of classical pulsators. In that way, we propose the frequency at maximum power as a proper seismic index since it is directly related with the intrinsic temperature, mass and radius of the star. This parameter seems not to be affected by rotation, inclination, extinction or resonances, with the exception of the evolution of the stellar parameters. Furthermore, we can constrain rotation and inclination using the departure of temperature produced by the gravity-darkening effect. This is especially feasible for fast rotators as most of delta Scuti stars seem to be.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/645/A124
- Title:
- Inclinations for RGBs from Kepler asteroseismology
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/645/A124
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Measuring stellar inclinations is fundamental to understand planetary formation and dynamics as well as physical conditions during star formation. Oscillation spectra of red giant stars exhibit mixed modes that have both a gravity component from the radiative interior and a pressure component from the convective envelope. Gravity-dominated (g-m) mixed modes split by rotation are well separated inside frequency spectra, making possible accurate measurements of stellar inclinations. This work aims at developing an automated and general approach to measure stellar inclinations, that can be applied to any solar-type pulsator for which oscillation modes are identified, and at validating it using red giant branch stars observed by Kepler. The stellar inclination impacts the visibility of oscillation modes with azimuthal orders m=(-1,0,+1). We use the mean height-to-background ratio of dipole mixed modes with different azimuthal orders to measure stellar inclinations. The underlying statistical distribution of inclinations is recovered in an unbiased way using a probability density function for the stellar inclination angle. We derive stellar inclination measurements for 1140 stars on the red giant branch, for which Gehan et al. (2018A&A...616A..24G, Cat. J/A+A/616/A24) have identified the azimuthal order of dipole g-m mixed modes. Raw measured inclinations exhibit strong deviation with respect to isotropy which is expected for random inclinations over the sky. When taking uncertainties into account, the reconstructed distribution of inclinations actually follows the expected isotropic distribution of the rotational axis. This work highlights the biases that affect inclination measurements and provides the way to infer their underlying statistical distribution. When the star is seen either pole-on or equator-on, measurements are challenging and result in a biased distribution. Correcting biases that appear at the low- and high inclination regimes allows us to recover the underlying inclination distribution.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/469/4718
- Title:
- Kepler red-clump stars in NGC6819 and NGC6791
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/469/4718
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Convective mixing in helium-core-burning (HeCB) stars is one of the outstanding issues in stellar modelling. The precise asteroseismic measurements of gravity-mode period spacing ({Delta}{Pi}_1_) have opened the door to detailed studies of the near-core structure of such stars, which had not been possible before. Here, we provide stringent tests of various core-mixing scenarios against the largely unbiased population of red-clump stars belonging to the old-open clusters monitored by Kepler, and by coupling the updated precise inference on {Delta}{Pi}_1_ in thousands of field stars with spectroscopic constraints. We find that models with moderate overshooting successfully reproduce the range observed of {Delta}{Pi}_1_ in clusters. In particular, we show that there is no evidence for the need to extend the size of the adiabatically stratified core, at least at the beginning of the HeCB phase. This conclusion is based primarily on ensemble studies of {Delta}{Pi}_1_ as a function of mass and metallicity. While {Delta}{Pi}_1_ shows no appreciable dependence on the mass, we have found a clear dependence of {Delta}{Pi}_1_ on metallicity, which is also supported by predictions from models.
