This paper provides an analysis of astrometric measurements of the main Saturnian satellites made thanks to CCD observations performed in 1995 at the Laboratorio Nacional de Astrofisica at Itajuba in Brazil. The astrometric reduction is discussed, especially the small corrections done here, but most of time neglected elsewhere. A catalog of 6006 differential positions has been obtained. They have been compared to different ephemerides, the Vienne & Duriez ephemerides (TASS 1.7, 1995A&A...297..588V, 1997 Cat. <J/A+A/324/366>), the Harper & Taylor (1994A&A...284..619H) ephemerides and the Dourneau (1993A&A...267..292D) ephemerides. These observations provide a large set of modern observations, and appear to be of good precision. This accuracy is needed for future use of these data to improve the dynamical models. These positions are included in the data base NSDC dedicated to the natural satellites (ftp://ftp.bdl.fr/pub/NSDC/saturn/raw_data/position/).
Caviar is a software package designed for the astrometric measurement of natural satellite positions in images taken using the Imaging Science Subsystem (ISS) of the Cassini spacecraft. We provide new astrometric positions for selected major satellites of Saturn, 2013-2016.
We provide astrometric observations of the Saturnian satellites Mimas, Enceladus, Tethys, Dione and Rhea from Cassini Imaging Science Subsystem (ISS) narrow-angle camera (NAC) images. Image sequences were designed to observe mutual occultations between these satellites.
We present a remeasurement of old photographic plates, providing important raw data for dynamical studies of the Saturnian satellite system. The unprecedentedly accurate realization of the Gaia reference frame allows us to make a precise calibration of digitized astronegatives of the Saturnian satellite images. We reprocessed 357 astronegatives taken with the 26-inch refractor and the normal astrograph of the Pulkovo Observatory between 1972 and 2007 to obtain the positions of the main Saturnian moons in the second Gaia data release (Gaia DR2) system. Photographic plates were digitized with the Pulkovo Mobile Digitizing Device (MDD) scanner. The New Astrometric Reduction of Old Observations (NAROO) digitizer at the Paris Observatory was used to calibrate the scanned images. Satellite image centering and astrometric reduction were performed. In total, 6487 positions (equatorial coordinates) have been determined with an accuracy of 50mas. This is confirmed by a comparison of our data with modern ephemerides. The verification of the results was performed using data from past close approaches by Saturnian satellites to Gaia reference stars, showing the adequacy of the current residual analysis. A joint review of the Pulkovo and the United States Naval Observatory (USNO) intersatellite positions allows us to conclude about the existence of faint systematic effects in the satellite theories of motions at the 10mas level.
The files contain the results of Photometry and Position Observations of Saturnian Satellites. Some file presents a specific data of each measurement. Common parameters of observations such as the initial moment are given in the article.
The photometry of mutual occultations and eclipses of natural planetary satellites can be used to infer very accurate astrometric data. This can be achieved by processing the light curves of the satellites observed during international campaigns of photometric observations of these mutual events. This work focuses on processing the complete database of photometric observations of the mutual occultations and eclipses of the Saturnian satellites made during the international campaign in 2009. The final goal is to derive new accurate astrometric data.
199 frames of CCD images of the major satellites of Saturn (Mimas, Enceladus, Tethys, Dione, Rhea, Titan, Hyperion and Iapetus), obtained on 1-meter telescope at the Yunnan Observatory during the years of 1996-2000, are measured. These positions are compared to the ones computed with the Vienne & Duriez ephemerides (TASS1.7). The calibrated parameters of the CCD scale and orientation are determined by the comparison of their measurement coordinates with computed positions of four bright satellites of Tethy, Dione, Rhea and Titan. A catalog of 913 differential positions has been obtained. Analysis of the data as inter-satellite positions shows that these observations of the above mentioned four satellites have root-mean-square residuals of 0.04 arcsec in the sense of (O-C) (Observed minus Computed). The positional measuring procedure is proved to be good enough to obtain a small dispersion in the observations for the major Saturn satellites. The format of the present catalog are very near to the one of (Strugnell & Taylor, 1990A&AS...83..289S). The coordinates are corrected by all astrometric effects. So, these positions are really astrometric ones in that meaning that, no astrometric consideration is necessary to use them, even if one wants to touch up the calibration. Nevertheless, the raw pixels are also given in order to allow anyone to reduce again the frames.
The last catalogue of observations (Strugnell & Taylor, 1990A&AS...83..289S) includes about 51000 observations (over 3500 nights) of Saturnian satellites from 1874 to 1989. Since 1989, many observations have been published, often in different format, specific to the publication. This new catalogue of observations of the eight major satellites of Saturn includes the observations of Strugnell & Taylor (1990A&AS...83..289S), many other published since 1989 and also old observations forgotten in the previous catalogue. All those observations are tabulated in the consistent format. We precise, for each observation, the corrections applied for reduction like refraction, aberration or phase effects. Furthermore, when it was possible, instrument and catalogue are also indicated. The new catalogue presents more than 130000 observations (over 6000 nights) of the eight major satellites of Saturn from 1874 to 2007.
The raw measured pixel coordinates of the major Saturnian satellites obtained using a CCD camera on the 1.56m reflector at the Sheshan station during the period 1997-2000. For each CCD frame JD and decimal fractions of the middle of the exposures are given in universal Time. Satellite numbers conform to IAU numbering system.
In this paper, we publish 1206 measurements of positions of the major satellites of Saturn made in 1990, 1991, 1993 and 1994 using CCD detectors attached to the 1-metre Jacobus Kapteyn Telescope on the island of La Palma. Analysis of the data as inter-satellite positions shows that the observations of Tethys, Dione, Rhea and Titan have root-mean-square residuals of 0.08 arcseconds, corresponding to 500km at the distance of Saturn.