Number of results to display per page
Search Results
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/557/A19
- Title:
- Mass and age of extreme low-mass white dwarfs
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/557/A19
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The number of detected extremely low mass (ELM) white dwarf stars has increased drastically in recent year thanks to the results of many surveys. In addition, some of these stars have been found to exhibit pulsations, making them potential targets for asteroseismology. We provide a fine and homogeneous grid of evolutionary sequences for helium (He) core white dwarfs for the whole range of their expected masses (0.15<~M_*_/M_{sun}_<~0.45), including the mass range for ELM white dwarfs (M_*_/M_{sun}_<~0.20). The grid is appropriate for mass and age determination of these stars, as well as to study their adiatabic pulsational properties. White dwarf sequences have been computed by performing full evolutionary calculations that consider the main energy sources and processes of chemical abundance changes during white dwarf evolution.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/709/535
- Title:
- Masses and radii of eclipsing binaries
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/709/535
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The currently favored method for estimating radii and other parameters of transiting-planet host stars is to match theoretical models to observations of the stellar mean density {rho}_*_, the effective temperature T_eff_, and the composition parameter [Z]. This explicitly model-dependent approach is based on readily available observations, and results in small formal errors. Its performance will be central to the reliability of results from ground-based transit surveys such as TrES, HAT, and SuperWASP, as well as to the space-borne missions MOST, CoRoT, and Kepler. Here, I use two calibration samples of stars (eclipsing binaries (EBs) and stars for which asteroseismic analyses are available) having well-determined masses and radii to estimate the accuracy and systematic errors inherent in the {rho}_*_ method. When matching to the Yonsei-Yale stellar evolution models, I find the most important systematic error results from selection bias favoring rapidly rotating (hence probably magnetically active) stars among the EB sample. If unaccounted for, this bias leads to a mass-dependent underestimate of stellar radii by as much as 4% for stars of 0.4M_{sun}_, decreasing to zero for masses above about 1.4M_{sun}_. Relative errors in estimated stellar masses are three times larger than those in radii.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/640/A70
- Title:
- Massive discs in cosmological simulations
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/640/A70
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We investigate the disc-halo connection in massive (M*>5x10^10^M_{sun}_) disc galaxies from the cosmological hydrodynamical simulations EAGLE and IllustrisTNG, and compare it with that inferred from the study of HI rotation curves in nearby massive spirals from the Spitzer Photometry and Accurate Rotation Curves (SPARC) dataset. We find that discrepancies between the simulated and observed discs arise both on global and on local scales. Globally, the simulated discs inhabit halos that are a factor 4 (in EAGLE) and 2 (in IllustrisTNG) more massive than those derived from the rotation curve analysis of the observed dataset. We also use synthetic rotation curves of the simulated discs to demonstrate that the recovery of the halo masses from rotation curves are not systematically biased. We find that the simulations predict dark-matter dominated systems with stellar-to-total enclosed mass ratios that are a factor of 1.5-2 smaller than real galaxies at all radii. This is an alternative manifestation of the `failed feedback problem', since it indicates that simulated halos hosting massive discs have been too inefficient at converting their baryons into stars, possibly due to an overly efficient stellar and/or AGN feedback implementation.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/624/A66
- Title:
- Massive runaway and walkaway stars models
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/624/A66
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We perform an extensive numerical study of the evolution of massive binary systems to predict the peculiar velocities that stars obtain when their companion collapses and disrupts the system. Our aim is to (i) identify which predictions are robust against model uncertainties and assess their implications, (ii) investigate which physical processes leave a clear imprint and may, therefore, be constrained observationally and (iii) provide a suite of publicly available model predictions, to allow for the use of kinematic constraints from the Gaia mission. We find that 22^+26^_-8_% of all massive binary systems merge prior to the first core-collapse in the system. Of the remainder, 86^+11^_-9_% become unbound because of the core-collapse. Remarkably, this rarely produce runaway stars (observationally defined as stars with velocities above 30km/s). These are outnumbered by more than an order of magnitude by slower unbound companions, or "walkaway stars". This is a robust outcome of our simulations and is due to the reversal of the mass ratio prior to the explosion and widening of the orbit, as we show analytically and numerically. For stars more massive than 15M_{sun}_, we estimate that 10^+5^_-8_% are walkaways and only 0.5^+1.0^_-0.4_% are runaways, nearly all of which have accreted mass from their companion. Our findings are consistent with earlier studies, however, the low runaway fraction we find is in tension with observed fractions of about 10%. Thus, astrometric data on presently single massive stars can potentially constrain the physics of massive binary evolution. Finally, we show that the high end of the mass distributions of runaway stars is very sensitive to the assumed black hole natal kicks and propose this as a potentially stringent test for the explosion mechanism. We also discuss companions remaining bound which can evolve into X-ray and gravitational wave sources.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/816/42
- Title:
- Mass models for the Milky Way
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/816/42
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The mass distribution of the Galactic disk is constructed from the terminal velocity curve and the mass discrepancy-acceleration relation. Mass models numerically quantifying the detailed surface density profiles are tabulated. For R_0_=8kpc, the models have stellar mass 5<M_*_<6x10^10^M_{sun}_, scale length 2.0<=R_d_<=2.9kpc, LSR circular velocity 222<={Theta}_0_<=233km/s, and solar circle stellar surface density 34<={Sigma}_d_(R_0_)<=61M_{sun}_/pc2. The present interarm location of the solar neighborhood may have a somewhat lower stellar surface density than average for the solar circle. The Milky Way appears to be a normal spiral galaxy that obeys scaling relations like the Tully-Fisher relation, the size-mass relation, and the disk maximality-surface brightness relation. The stellar disk is maximal, and the spiral arms are massive. The bumps and wiggles in the terminal velocity curve correspond to known spiral features (e.g., the Centaurus arm is a ~50% overdensity). The rotation curve switches between positive and negative over scales of hundreds of parsecs. The rms amplitude <|dV/dR|^2^>^1/2^, implying that commonly neglected terms in the Jeans equations may be nonnegligible. The spherically averaged local dark matter density is {rho}_0,DM_~0.009M_{sun}_/pc3 (0.34GeV/cm3). Adiabatic compression of the dark matter halo may help reconcile the Milky Way with the c-V_200_ relation expected in {Lambda}CDM while also helping to mitigate the too-big-to-fail problem, but it remains difficult to reconcile the inner bulge/bar-dominated region with a cuspy halo. We note that NGC 3521 is a near twin to the Milky Way, having a similar luminosity, scale length, and rotation curve.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/834/17
- Title:
- Mass & radius of planets, moons, low mass stars
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/834/17
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Mass and radius are two of the most fundamental properties of an astronomical object. Increasingly, new planet discoveries are being announced with a measurement of one of these quantities, but not both. This has led to a growing need to forecast the missing quantity using the other, especially when predicting the detectability of certain follow-up observations. We present an unbiased forecasting model built upon a probabilistic mass-radius relation conditioned on a sample of 316 well-constrained objects. Our publicly available code, Forecaster, accounts for observational errors, hyper-parameter uncertainties, and the intrinsic dispersions observed in the calibration sample. By conditioning our model on a sample spanning dwarf planets to late-type stars, Forecaster can predict the mass (or radius) from the radius (or mass) for objects covering nine orders of magnitude in mass. Classification is naturally performed by our model, which uses four classes we label as Terran worlds, Neptunian worlds, Jovian worlds, and stars. Our classification identifies dwarf planets as merely low-mass Terrans (like the Earth) and brown dwarfs as merely high-mass Jovians (like Jupiter). We detect a transition in the mass-radius relation at 2.0_-0.6_^+0.7^M_{Earth}_, which we associate with the divide between solid, Terran worlds and Neptunian worlds. This independent analysis adds further weight to the emerging consensus that rocky super-Earths represent a narrower region of parameter space than originally thought. Effectively, then, the Earth is the super-Earth we have been looking for.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/847/18
- Title:
- Mass, Z, dust attenuation, and SFR relations
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/847/18
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We analyze the optical continuum of star-forming galaxies in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey by fitting stacked spectra with stellar population synthesis models to investigate the relation between stellar mass, stellar metallicity, dust attenuation, and star formation rate. We fit models calculated with star formation and chemical evolution histories that are derived empirically from multi-epoch observations of the stellar mass-star formation rate and the stellar mass-gas-phase metallicity relations, respectively. We also fit linear combinations of single-burst models with a range of metallicities and ages. Star formation and chemical evolution histories are unconstrained for these models. The stellar mass-stellar metallicity relations obtained from the two methods agree with the relation measured from individual supergiant stars in nearby galaxies. These relations are also consistent with the relation obtained from emission-line analysis of gas-phase metallicity after accounting for systematic offsets in the gas-phase metallicity. We measure dust attenuation of the stellar continuum and show that its dependence on stellar mass and star formation rate is consistent with previously reported results derived from nebular emission lines. However, stellar continuum attenuation is smaller than nebular emission line attenuation. The continuum-to-nebular attenuation ratio depends on stellar mass and is smaller in more massive galaxies. Our consistent analysis of stellar continuum and nebular emission lines paves the way for a comprehensive investigation of stellar metallicities of star-forming and quiescent galaxies.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+AS/109/263
- Title:
- M dwarfs model photospheres. II.
- Short Name:
- J/A+AS/109/263
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present a table of new "classical" model photospheres for M dwarfs computed with an extensive set of atomic and molecular opacities treated with the accurate and realistic opacity sampling technique. The models of this grid are described and analysed in a companion paper (Brett 1995, A&A, in press)
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/794/146
- Title:
- M dwarfs with IR excess
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/794/146
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Using the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 7 (SDSS DR7) spectroscopic catalog, we searched the WISE AllWISE catalog to investigate the occurrence of warm dust, as inferred from IR excesses, around field M dwarfs (dMs). We developed SDSS/WISE color selection criteria to identify 175 dMs (from 70841) that show IR flux greater than the typical dM photosphere levels at 12 and/or 22{mu}m, including seven new stars within the Orion OB1 footprint. We characterize the dust populations inferred from each IR excess and investigate the possibility that these excesses could arise from ultracool binary companions by modeling combined spectral energy distributions. Our observed IR fluxes are greater than levels expected from ultracool companions (>3{sigma}). We also estimate that the probability the observed IR excesses are due to chance alignments with extragalactic sources is <0.1%. Using SDSS spectra we measure surface gravity-dependent features (K, Na, and CaH 3) and find <15% of our sample indicates low surface gravities. Examining tracers of youth (H{alpha}, UV fluxes, and Li absorption), we find <3% of our sample appear young, indicating we are observing a population of field stars >~1Gyr, likely harboring circumstellar material. We investigate age-dependent properties probed by this sample, studying the disk fraction as a function of Galactic height. The fraction remains small and constant to |Z|~700pc and then drops, indicating little to no trend with age. Possible explanations for disks around field dMs include (1) collisions of planetary bodies, (2) tidal disruption of planetary bodies, or (3) failed planet formation.
