- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/773/33
- Title:
- Chemical analysis of the metal-poor subgiant BD+44 493
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/773/33
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present detailed chemical abundances for the bright carbon-enhanced metal-poor (CEMP) star BD+44{deg}493, previously reported on by Ito et al. (2009ApJ...698L..37I). Our measurements confirm that BD+44{deg}493 is an extremely metal-poor ([Fe/H]=-3.8) subgiant star with excesses of carbon and oxygen. No significant excesses are found for nitrogen and neutron-capture elements (the latter of which place it in the CEMP-no class of stars). Other elements that we measure exhibit abundance patterns that are typical for non-CEMP extremely metal-poor stars. No evidence for variations of radial velocity has been found for this star. These results strongly suggest that the carbon enhancement in BD+44{deg}493 is unlikely to have been produced by a companion asymptotic giant-branch star and transferred to the presently observed star, nor by pollution of its natal molecular cloud by rapidly-rotating, massive, mega metal-poor ([Fe/H]<-6.0) stars. A more likely possibility is that this star formed from gas polluted by the elements produced in a "faint" supernova, which underwent mixing and fallback, and only ejected small amounts of elements of metals beyond the lighter elements. The Li abundance of BD+44{deg}493 (A(Li)=log(Li/H)+12=1.0) is lower than the Spite plateau value, as found in other metal-poor subgiants. The upper limit on Be abundance (A(Be)=log(Be/H)+12<-1.8) is as low as those found for stars with similarly extremely-low metallicity, indicating that the progenitors of carbon- (and oxygen-) enhanced stars are not significant sources of Be, or that Be is depleted in metal-poor subgiants with effective temperatures of ~5400K.
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Search Results
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/545/A12
- Title:
- Chemistry of IRC+10216 inner wind modelled
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/545/A12
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We model the chemistry of the inner wind of the carbon star IRC+10216 and consider the effects of periodic shocks induced by the stellar pulsation on the gas to follow the non-equilibrium chemistry in the shocked gas layers. We consider a very complete set of chemical families, including hydrocarbons and aromatics, hydrides, halogens, and phosphorous-bearing species. Our derived abundances are compared to those for the latest observational data from large surveys and the Herschel telescope. A semi-analytical formalism based on parameterised fluid equations is used to describe the gas density, velocity, and temperature from 1R to 5R. The chemistry is described using a chemical kinetic network of reactions and a set of stiff, ordinary, coupled differential equations is solved.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/310/933
- Title:
- C isotopic ratio in N- and SC-type stars
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/310/933
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present a result of quantitative analysis of ^12^C/^13^C ratios in 62 N-type and 15 SC-type carbon stars. By the use of CCD as a detector we can obtain spectra of resolution ~20,000 with enough signal-to-noise ratios for a large number of carbon stars, for which ^12^C/^13^C ratios have not yet been derived. Carbon isotopic ratios are determined from lines of the CN red system around 8000A, based on the iso-intensity method and line-blanketed model atmospheres. The average of ^12^C/^13^C ratios in 62 N-type carbon stars is found to be 27+/-11 (standard deviation). The majority of the N-type carbon stars studied (about 85%) are found to have ^12^C/^13^C ratios less than 40, and the number of stars which have ^12^C/^13^C ratios larger than 40 is found to be relatively small. This result shows a marked contrast to some of the previous results that have shown the opposite distribution, namely, ^12^C/^13^C ratios mostly larger than 40 in N-type carbon stars. The average of ^12^C/^13^C ratios in 15 SC-type carbon stars is found to be 22+/-14 (standard deviation). Most of the SC-type carbon stars studied are found to have ^12^C/^13^C ratios larger than 10, while only three of them turn out to be ^13^C-rich. This is in contrast with the earlier classification based on low resolution spectra which classified them as J-type, that is, ^13^C-rich. The earlier temperature scale which classified SC-type carbon stars as the latest (C8-9) based on their strong NaI D lines can not be necessarily justified. The strong NaI D lines of SC stars should be attributed to the peculiar atmospheric structure due to C/O ratios very near to unity. The resulting ^12^C/^13^C ratios are partly consistent with the scenario in which M giants evolve through SC-type to N-type carbon stars, as ^12^C produced during the helium shell flash is added to the envelope.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/451/3504
- Title:
- Classification of IRS sources in the SMC
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/451/3504
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The Magellanic clouds are uniquely placed to study the stellar contribution to dust emission. Individual stars can be resolved in these systems even in the mid-infrared, and they are close enough to allow detection of infrared excess caused by dust. We have searched the Spitzer Space Telescope data archive for all Infrared Spectrograph (IRS) staring-mode observations of the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) and found that 209 Infrared Array Camera (IRAC) point sources within the footprint of the Surveying the Agents of Galaxy Evolution in the Small Magellanic Cloud (SAGE-SMC) Spitzer Legacy programme were targeted, within a total of 311 staring mode observations. We classify these point sources using a decision tree method of object classification, based on infrared spectral features, continuum and spectral energy distribution shape, bolometric luminosity, cluster membership and variability information. We find 58 asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars, 51 young stellar objects (YSOs), 4 post-AGB objects, 22 Red Supergiants (RSGs), 27 stars (of which 23 are dusty OB stars), 24 planetary nebulae (PNe), 10 Wolf-Rayet (WR) stars, 3 HII regions, 3 R Coronae Borealis (R CrB) stars, 1 Blue Supergiant and 6 other objects, including 2 foreground AGB stars. We use these classifications to evaluate the success of photometric classification methods reported in the literature.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/690/837
- Title:
- CN and CO observations toward AGB stars
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/690/837
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- A survey of the ^12^C/^13^C ratio toward circumstellar envelopes has been conducted at millimeter wavelengths using the facilities of the Arizona Radio Observatory (ARO). The ratios were obtained for a sample of 18 local C- and O-rich asymptotic giant branch and supergiant stars from observations of the ^12^C and ^13^C isotopologues of CO and CN, respectively. The J=1->0 transitions of both molecules were observed at {lambda}=3mm using the ARO 12m telescope, while the J=2->1 lines of the two species were measured using the ARO Sub-Millimeter Telescope (SMT) at {lambda}=1mm. The ^12^C/^13^C ratios were determined from the CO data by modeling both transitions simultaneously with a circumstellar radiative transfer code, which can account for the high opacities present in the emission from this species. In the case of CN, the hyperfine structure was used to evaluate opacity effects. Ratios obtained independently from CO and CN are in good agreement.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/353/528
- Title:
- CNO abundances in carbon stars
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/353/528
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The lines of ^12^CO, ^12^C^12^C, and ^12^CN used in the analysis are listed in the table. The stars analyzed here are TX Psc, V Aql, and BL Ori, and the lines selected for the analysis are listed for each star. The data given in the table are the wavenumber, gf-value, and the lower excitation potential of each selected line, together with the observed equivalent width.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/III/156
- Title:
- Cool Galactic Carbon Stars, 2nd Edition
- Short Name:
- III/156
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The catalog is intended to list all 5987 cool carbon stars having known positions of at least roughly the precision of The Henry Draper Catalogue. Cool carbon stars are defined as stars whose spectra at low dispersion (say a resolution no better than 1-2 angstroms) are known to show bands of the Swan system of the C2 molecule; or, if the spectral region of the Swan system is inadequately observed, they show the red or infrared bands of CN in strength adequate to infer that the Swan bands almost certainly would be seen if their presence could be tested. The closing date for literature search was 1989 June 30, defined by literature received in the author's library by that date. The catalog includes equatorial coordinates (B1900.0); photographic, visual, and infrared magnitudes; spectral types, galactic coordinates, and cross identifications to various other designation systems.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/324/1059
- Title:
- C-rich stars IR and UBVRI photometry
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/324/1059
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- A study of circumstellar dust shells (CDS) around carbon stars is presented. This study is based on the analysis of the 1-100{mu}m broad-band spectra of 23 objects which have been monitored in the 1-20{mu}m region over several years at ESO. The sources in the sample range from Irr/SR variables and optical Miras to Extreme Carbon Stars which have only been discovered recently in infrared surveys. A modelling accounting for the photometric variations with phase (with up to 9 spectra per object) has been developed. All the CDSs in the sample can be modelled successfully in spherical geometry with a dust opacity law {prop.to}{lambda}^-1.3^ and a dust formation temperature ~950K. The modelling favors the case of an acceleration of dust, from the site of formation and on a distance of ~10^15^cm, over the case of a uniform expansion. Mass loss rates in the range 0.1-50x10^-6^M_{sun}_/yr are derived. The estimates based on this modelling are consistent with those derived from the CO emission line measurements. In view of the incoming near-infrared surveys (DENIS and 2MASS), an analysis of the location of carbon-rich sources in color diagrams is presented. It is shown that the near-infrared colors are well correlated with the mass loss rate. This property can be used to get an estimate, within a factor 3, of this rate for carbon stars without a priori on the distance.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/123/832
- Title:
- C star population in NGC 6822
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/123/832
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Using the CFH12K camera, we apply the four-band photometric technique to identify 904 carbon stars in an area 28'x42' centered on NGC 6822. A few C stars outside of this area were also discovered with the Las Campanas Swope Telescope. The NGC 6822 survey employs two sets of observations obtained by rather different telescopes and with different procedures: the Swope Telescope on Las Campanas was used in 1999 October to secure images of NGC 6822 in Kron-Cousins R_KC_, CN (810nm), and TiO (770nm) filters. The 2048x2048 SITe No. 1 CCD yields a field of view of 23.7'x23.7'; NGC 6822 was also observed with the CFH12K at the beginning of one night in 2000 September. The camera consists of a 12Kx8K pixel mosaic covering a field of 42'x28', with each pixel corresponding to 0.206". Images were obtained through Mould I and R filters and through the CN and TiO filters. The NGC 6822 C star population has <I>=19.26 leading to an <M_I_>=-4.70, value essentially identical to the mean magnitude obtained for the C stars in IC 1613. Contrary to stars highlighting the optical image of NGC 6822, C stars are seen at large radial distances and trace a huge, slightly elliptical halo, which does not coincide with the huge H I cloud surrounding NGC 6822. The previously unknown stellar component of NGC 6822 has a exponential scale length of 3.0+/-0.1' and can be traced to 5 scale lengths. The C/M ratio of NGC 6822 is evaluated to be 1.0+/-0.2.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/436/91
- Title:
- C star population in outer disk of M31
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/436/91
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We employ the CFHT Megacam camera to survey ~1{deg}^2^ of the southern outer disc of M31, a region which includes the area where Battinelli et al. (2003, Cat. <J/AJ/125/1298>) have identified nearly one thousand C stars. In the outer M31 region not previously surveyed, we identify 361 new C star candidates, having similar photometric properties to the known ones, and confirm the slight decrease in the luminosity of C stars with galactocentric distances. We show that the Sloan g', r', i' filters are a viable approach, comparable to (CN-TiO), to identify C stars. We find that the (g'-r') colours of cool C stars can be so red that prohibitively long g' exposures are needed to acquire faint extragalactic C stars. This makes the Sloan filters a less promising approach to extend a C star survey to several Mpc. Our uniform large field survey detects the edge of M31 disk at ~35kpc. The intermediate-age population, represented by C stars, extends further to ~40kpc.
