- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+AS/141/371
- Title:
- Low-mass stars evolutionary tracks & isochrones
- Short Name:
- J/A+AS/141/371
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- These files contain a large database of stellar models that are suitable to modelling star clusters and galaxies by means of population synthesis. They are based on a large grid of stellar evolutionary tracks for the initial chemical compositions [Z=0.0004, Y=0.23], [Z=0.001, Y=0.23], [Z=0.004, Y=0.24], [Z=0.008, Y=0.25], [Z=0.019, Y=0.273] (solar composition), and [Z=0.03, Y=0.30]. Tracks are computed with updated opacities and equation of state, and a moderate amount of convective overshoot. The range of initial masses goes from 0.15M_{sun}_ to 7M_{sun}_, and the evolutionary phases extend from the zero age main sequence (ZAMS) till either the thermally pulsing AGB regime or carbon ignition. We also present an additional set of models with solar composition, computed using the classical Schwarzschild's criterion for convective boundaries. From all these models, we derive: (1) Tables with the main quantities that characterize the stellar structure along the evolutionary tracks; (2) tables of surface chemical composition after the first and second dredge-up events; (3) extended theoretical isochrones in the Johnson-Cousins UBVRIJHK broad-band photometric system, together with summary tables; (4) integrated colours of single-burst stellar populations.
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- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/811/30
- Title:
- Machine learning metallicity predictions using SDSS
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/811/30
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Extremely metal-poor (EMP) stars ([Fe/H]<=-3.0dex) provide a unique window into understanding the first generation of stars and early chemical enrichment of the universe. EMP stars are exceptionally rare, however, and the relatively small number of confirmed discoveries limits our ability to exploit these near-field probes of the first ~500Myr after the Big Bang. Here, a new method to photometrically estimate [Fe/H] from only broadband photometric colors is presented. I show that the method, which utilizes machine-learning algorithms and a training set of ~170000 stars with spectroscopically measured [Fe/H], produces a typical scatter of ~0.29dex. This performance is similar to what is achievable via low-resolution spectroscopy, and outperforms other photometric techniques, while also being more general. I further show that a slight alteration to the model, wherein synthetic EMP stars are added to the training set, yields the robust identification of EMP candidates. In particular, this synthetic-oversampling method recovers ~20% of the EMP stars in the training set, at a precision of ~0.05. Furthermore, ~65% of the false positives from the model are very metal-poor stars ([Fe/H]<=-2.0dex). The synthetic-oversampling method is biased toward the discovery of warm (~F-type) stars, a consequence of the targeting bias from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey/Sloan Extension for Galactic Understanding survey. This EMP selection method represents a significant improvement over alternative broadband optical selection techniques. The models are applied to >12 million stars, with an expected yield of ~600 new EMP stars, which promises to open new avenues for exploring the early universe.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/819/53
- Title:
- Magellan/M2FS spectroscopy of Tucana 2 and Grus 1
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/819/53
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present results from spectroscopic observations with the Michigan/Magellan Fiber System (M2FS) of 147 stellar targets along the line of sight to the newly discovered "ultrafaint" stellar systems Tucana 2 (Tuc 2) and Grus 1 (Gru 1). Based on simultaneous estimates of line of sight velocity and stellar-atmospheric parameters, we identify 8 and 7 stars as probable members of Tuc 2 and and Gru 1, respectively. Our sample for Tuc 2 is sufficient to resolve an internal velocity dispersion of 8.6^+4.4^_-2.7_km/s about a mean of -129.1+/-3.5km/s (solar rest frame), and to estimate a mean metallicity of [Fe/H]=-2.23^+0.18^_-0.12_. These results place Tuc 2 on chemodynamical scaling relations followed by dwarf galaxies, suggesting a dominant dark matter component with dynamical mass 2.7^+3.1^_-1.3_x10^6^M_{sun}_ enclosed within the central ~160pc, and dynamical mass-to-light ratio 1913^+2234^_-950_M_{sun}_/L_{nu},{sun}_. For Gru 1 we estimate a mean velocity of -140.5^+2.4^_-1.6_km/s and a mean metallicity of [Fe/H]=-1.42^+0.55^_-0.42_ but our sample does not resolve Gru 1's velocity dispersion. The radial coordinates of Tuc 2 and Gru 1 in Galactic phase space suggest that their orbits are among the most energetic within a distance of <~300pc. Moreover, their proximity to each other in this space arises naturally if both objects are trailing the Large Magellanic Cloud.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/857/145
- Title:
- MagLiteS Carina II and Carina III spectroscopy
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/857/145
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present Magellan/IMACS, Anglo-Australian Telescope/AAOmega+2dF, and Very Large Telescope/GIRAFFE+FLAMES spectroscopy of the Carina II (CarII) and Carina III (CarIII) dwarf galaxy candidates, recently discovered in the Magellanic Satellites Survey (MagLiteS). We identify 18 member stars in Car II, including two binaries with variable radial velocities and two RR Lyrae stars. The other 14 members have a mean heliocentric velocity v_hel_=477.2+/-1.2km/s and a velocity dispersion of {sigma}_v_=3.4_-0.8_^+1.2^km/s. Assuming Car II is in dynamical equilibrium, we derive a total mass within the half-light radius of 1.0_-0.4_^+0.8^x10^6^M_{sun}_, indicating a mass-to-light ratio of 369_-161_^+309^M_{sun}_/L_{sun}_. From equivalent width measurements of the calcium triplet lines of nine red giant branch (RGB) stars, we derive a mean metallicity of [Fe/H]=-2.44+/-0.09 with dispersion {sigma}_[Fe/H]_=0.22_-0.07_^+0.10^. Considering both the kinematic and chemical properties, we conclude that CarII is a dark-matter-dominated dwarf galaxy. For CarIII, we identify four member stars, from which we calculate a systemic velocity of v_hel_=284.6_-3.1_^+3.4^km/s. The brightest RGB member of CarIII has a metallicity of [Fe/H]=-1.97+/-0.12. Due to the small size of the Car III spectroscopic sample, we cannot conclusively determine its nature. Although these two systems have the smallest known physical separation ({Delta}d~10kpc) among Local Group satellites, the large difference in their systemic velocities, ~200km/s, indicates that they are unlikely to be a bound pair. One or both systems are likely associated with the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC), and may remain LMC satellites today. No statistically significant excess of {gamma}-ray emission is found at the locations of Car II and Car III in eight years of Fermi-LAT data.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/659/A85
- Title:
- Membership and lithium of young clusters
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/659/A85
- Date:
- 10 Mar 2022 07:23:16
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- It is now well known that pre-main sequence models with inflated radii should be taken into account to simultaneously reproduce the colour-magnitude diagram and the lithium depletion pattern observed in young open star clusters. We test a new set of pre-main sequence models including radius inflation due to the presence of starspots or to magnetic inhibition of convection, using five clusters observed by the Gaia-ESO Survey, spanning the age range ~10-100Myr where such effects could be important. The Gaia-ESO Survey radial velocities are combined with astrometry from Gaia EDR3 to obtain clean lists of high-probability members for the five clusters. A Bayesian maximum likelihood method is adopted to fit the observed cluster sequences to theoretical predictions to derive the best model parameters and the cluster reddening and age. Models are calculated with different values of the mixing length parameter ({alpha}_ML_=2.0, 1.5 and 1.0), for the cases with no spots or with effective spot coverage {beta}_spot_=0.2 and 0.4. The models are also compared with the observed lithium depletion patterns. To reproduce the colour-magnitude diagram and the observed lithium depletion pattern in Gamma Vel A and B and in 25 Ori one needs to assume both a reduced convection efficiency, with {alpha}_ML_=1.0, and an effective surface spot coverage of about 20%. We obtained ages of 18^+1.5^_-4.0_ Myr and 21^+3.5^_-3.0_ Myr for Gamma Vel A and B, respectively, and 19^+1.5^_-7.0_ Myr for 25 Ori. However, a single isochrone is not sufficient to account for the lithium dispersion, and an increasing level of spot coverage as mass decreases seems to be required. On the other hand, the older clusters (NGC 2451B at 30^+3.0^_-5.0_Myr, NGC 2547 at 35^+4.0^_-4.0_Myr, and NGC 2516 at 138^+48^_-42_Myr) are consistent with standard models, with {alpha}_ML_=2.0 and no spots, except at low masses: a 20% spot coverage appears to better reproduce the sequence of M-type stars and might explain the observed spread in lithium abundances. The quality of Gaia-ESO data combined with Gaia allows us to gain important insights on pre-main sequence evolution. Models including starspots can provide a consistent explanation of the cluster sequences and lithium abundances observed in young clusters, although a range of starspot coverage is required to fully reproduce the data.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/130/1065
- Title:
- Members of the Sculptor dwarf spheroidal galaxy
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/130/1065
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The results of a wide-field survey of the Sculptor dwarf spheroidal galaxy are presented. Our aims were to obtain an accurate map of the outer structure of Sculptor and to determine the level of interaction between this system and the Galaxy. Photometry was obtained in two colors down to the magnitude limits of V=20 and I=19, covering a 3.1{deg}x3.1{deg} area centered on Sculptor.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/838/11
- Title:
- Member stars in the MW satellite Tucana III
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/838/11
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present Magellan/IMACS spectroscopy of the recently discovered Milky Way satellite Tucana III (Tuc III). We identify 26 member stars in Tuc III from which we measure a mean radial velocity of v_hel_=-102.3+/-0.4(stat.)+/-2.0(sys.)km/s, a velocity dispersion of 0.1_-0.1_^+0.7^km/s, and a mean metallicity of [Fe/H]=-2.42_-0.08_^+0.07^. The upper limit on the velocity dispersion is {sigma}<1.5km/s at 95.5% confidence, and the corresponding upper limit on the mass within the half-light radius of Tuc III is 9.0x10^4^M_{sun}_. We cannot rule out mass-to-light ratios as large as 240M_{sun}_/L_{sun}_ for Tuc III, but much lower mass-to-light ratios that would leave the system baryon-dominated are also allowed. We measure an upper limit on the metallicity spread of the stars in Tuc III of 0.19dex at 95.5% confidence. Tuc III has a smaller metallicity dispersion and likely a smaller velocity dispersion than any known dwarf galaxy, but a larger size and lower surface brightness than any known globular cluster. Its metallicity is also much lower than those of the clusters with similar luminosity. We therefore tentatively suggest that Tuc III is the tidally stripped remnant of a dark matter-dominated dwarf galaxy, but additional precise velocity and metallicity measurements will be necessary for a definitive classification. If Tuc III is indeed a dwarf galaxy, it is one of the closest external galaxies to the Sun. Because of its proximity, the most luminous stars in Tuc III are quite bright, including one star at V=15.7 that is the brightest known member star of an ultra-faint satellite.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/877/13
- Title:
- Member stars of the GD-1 tidal stream
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/877/13
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- With the photometric data from the SDSS survey, the spectroscopic data from the SDSS/SEGUE and the LAMOST surveys, and the astrometric data from the Gaia DR2, we have identified 67 highly probable member stars of the GD-1 cold stellar stream spread along almost its entire length (i.e., from 126{deg} to 203{deg} in R.A.). With the accurate spectroscopic (i.e., metallicity and line-of-sight velocity) and astrometric (i.e., proper motions) information, the position-velocity diagrams, i.e., {phi}_1_-{mu}_{alpha}_, {phi}_1_-{mu}_{delta}_, and {phi}_1_-v_gsr_, of the GD-1 stream are well mapped. The stream has an average metallicity [Fe/H]=-1.96. The rich information of member stars of the stream now available allow one not only to model its origin, but also to place strong constraints on the mass distribution and the gravitational potential of the Milky Way.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/485/571
- Title:
- Metallicities & activities of southern stars
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/485/571
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present the results from high-resolution spectroscopic measurements to determine metallicities and activities of bright stars in the southern hemisphere.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/133/270
- Title:
- Metallicities and ages in Leo II dSph
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/133/270
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present metallicities and ages for 52 red giants in the remote Galactic dwarf spheroidal (dSph) galaxy Leo II. These stars cover the entire surface area of Leo II and are radial velocity members. We obtained medium-resolution multifiber spectroscopy with FLAMES as part of a Large Program with the Very Large Telescope at the European Southern Observatory, Chile. The metallicities were determined based on the well-established near-infrared Ca II triplet technique.