- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/860/49
- Title:
- Optical spectroscopy of young {alpha}-rich stars
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/860/49
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We report chemical abundances of 14 young {alpha}-rich stars including neutron-capture elements based on high-quality optical spectra from HIRES/Keck I and differential line-by-line analysis. From a comparison of the abundance patterns of young {alpha}-rich stars to those of nearby bright red giants with a similar metallicity range (-0.7<[Fe/H]{<}-0.2), we confirm their high {alpha}-element abundances reported by previous studies based on near-infrared spectroscopy. We reveal for the first time low abundances of s-process elements and high abundances of r-process elements. All the abundances are consistent with those seen in the typical {alpha}-rich population of the Galactic disk, and no abundance anomalies are found except for Li-enhancement in one object previously reported and mild enhancement of Na in two stars. In particular, the lack of s-process enhancement excludes the hypothesis that mass transfer from asymptotic giant branch stars plays an important role in the formation of young {alpha}-rich stars. The high frequency of radial velocity variation (more than 50%) is also confirmed. We argue that mass transfer from low-mass red giants is the likely dominant formation mechanism for young {alpha}-rich stars.
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Search Results
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/247/46
- Title:
- Opt. photometry of SMUDGes ultra-diffuse galaxies
- Short Name:
- J/ApJS/247/46
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present the first systematic study of the stellar populations of ultra-diffuse galaxies (UDGs) in the field, integrating the large area search and characterization of UDGs by the SMUDGes survey with the twelve-band optical photometry of the S-PLUS survey. Based on Bayesian modeling of the optical colors of UDGs, we determine the ages, metallicities, and stellar masses of 100 UDGs distributed in an area of ~330deg^2^ in the Stripe 82 region. We find that the stellar masses and metallicities of field UDGs are similar to those observed in clusters and follow the trends previously defined in studies of dwarf and giant galaxies. However, field UDGs have younger luminosity- weighted ages than do UDGs in clusters. We interpret this result to mean that field UDGs have more extended star formation histories, including some that continue to form stars at low levels to the present time. Finally, we examine stellar population scaling relations that show that UDGs are, as a population, similar to other low surface brightness galaxies.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/725/L186
- Title:
- Orbital eccentricities of 31535 G-dwarfs
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/725/L186
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We test four competing models that aim to explain the nature of stars in spiral galaxies that are well away (>1kpc) from the midplane, the so-called thick disk: the stars may have gotten there through orbital migration, through satellite mergers and accretion, or through heating of pre-existing thin disk stars. The eccentricity distribution of thick disk stars has recently been proposed as a diagnostic to differentiate between these mechanisms. Drawing on SDSS-DR7, we have assembled a sample of 31535 G-dwarfs with six-dimensional phase-space information and metallicities and have derived the orbital eccentricities for them.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/581/A71
- Title:
- Orion-KL substructure at 1.3mm
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/581/A71
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The Kleinmann-Low nebula in Orion (Orion-KL) is the nearest example of a high-mass star-forming environment. For the first time, we complemented 1.3mm Submillimeter Array (SMA) interferometric line survey with IRAM 30m single-dish observations of the Orion-KL region. Covering a 4GHz bandwidth in total, this survey contains over 160 emission lines from 20 species (25 isotopologues), including 10 complex organic molecules (COMs). At a spatial resolution of 1200AU, the continuum substructures are resolved. Extracting the spectra from individual substructures and providing the intensity-integrated distribution map for each species, we studied the small-scale chemical variations in this region. Our main results are: (1) We identify lines from the low-abundance COMs CH3COCH3 and CH3CH2OH, as well as tentatively detect CH3CHO and long carbon-chains C6H and HC7N. (2) We find that while most COMs are segregated by type, peaking either towards the hot core (e.g., N-bearing species) or the compact ridge (e.g., O-bearing species like HCOOCH3, CH3OCH3, the distributions of others do not follow this segregated structure (e.g., CH3CH2OH, CH3OH, CH3COCH3). (3) We find a second velocity component of HNCO, 34SO2, and SO lines, which may be associated with a strong shock event in the low-velocity outflow. (4) Temperatures and molecular abundances show large gradients between central condensations and the outflow regions, illustrating a transition between hot molecular core and shock-chemistry dominated regimes. Our observations of spatially resolved chemical variations in Orion-KL provide the nearest reference source for hot molecular core and outflow chemistry, which will be an important example for interpreting the chemistry of more distant HMSFRs.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/784/19
- Title:
- Orphan stream high-resolution spectroscopic study
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/784/19
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present the first high-resolution spectroscopic study on the Orphan stream for five stream candidates, observed with the Magellan Inamori Kyocera Echelle spectrograph on the Magellan Clay telescope. The targets were selected from the low-resolution catalog of Casey et al. (2013ApJ...764...39C): three high-probability members, one medium, and one low-probability stream candidate were observed. Our analysis indicates that the low- and medium-probability targets are metal-rich field stars. The remaining three high-probability targets range over ~1 dex in metallicity, and are chemically distinct compared to the other two targets and all standard stars: low [{alpha}/Fe] abundance ratios are observed, and lower limits are ascertained for [Ba/Y], which sit well above the Milky Way trend. These chemical signatures demonstrate that the undiscovered parent system is unequivocally a dwarf spheroidal galaxy, consistent with dynamical constraints inferred from the stream width and arc. As such, we firmly exclude the proposed association between NGC 2419 and the Orphan stream. A wide range in metallicities adds to the similarities between the Orphan stream and Segue 1, although the low [{alpha}/Fe] abundance ratios in the Orphan stream are in tension with the high [{alpha}/Fe] values observed in Segue 1. Open questions remain before Segue 1 could possibly be claimed as the "parent" of the Orphan stream. The parent system could well remain undiscovered in the southern sky.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/889/L34
- Title:
- Oscillations in red giants from TESS data
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/889/L34
- Date:
- 17 Jan 2022 00:14:58
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Since the onset of the "space revolution" of high-precision high-cadence photometry, asteroseismology has been demonstrated as a powerful tool for informing Galactic archeology investigations. The launch of the NASA Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) mission has enabled seismic-based inferences to go full sky-providing a clear advantage for large ensemble studies of the different Milky Way components. Here we demonstrate its potential for investigating the Galaxy by carrying out the first asteroseismic ensemble study of red giant stars observed by TESS. We use a sample of 25 stars for which we measure their global asteroseimic observables and estimate their fundamental stellar properties, such as radius, mass, and age. Significant improvements are seen in the uncertainties of our estimates when combining seismic observables from TESS with astrometric measurements from the Gaia mission compared to when the seismology and astrometry are applied separately. Specifically, when combined we show that stellar radii can be determined to a precision of a few percent, masses to 5%-10%, and ages to the 20% level. This is comparable to the precision typically obtained using end-of-mission Kepler data.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/275/591
- Title:
- Outer regions of Galactic Bulge
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/275/591
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Digitized UK Schmidt plate photometry, calibrated with CCD photometry, is obtained in 18 regions over the Bulge. Stars are selected for spectroscopic follow-up from with a carefully chosen colour-magnitude window, optimized for efficient detection of bulge K giants. Some 1500 stellar spectra are obtained with the AAT AUTOFIB facility. We derive a radial velocity and metallicity for each star, and quantify the uncertainties in these measurements. Luminosity classification is derived both by visual classification and by using an automated routine based on Principal Component Analysis. There are two basic results from this survey: the discovery of the Sagittarius dwarf galaxy described by Ibata, Gilmore and Irwin (1994Natur.370..194I), and a study of the Galactic Bulge by Ibata and Gilmore (1995MNRAS.275..605I) The catalogue contains coordinates, photometry, radial velocities, luminosity classification and chemical abundances for approximately 1500 stars in lines of sight towards the Galactic Bulge. A detailed description of the selection of these stars, the methods used to derive the data, and the reliability of the data, is presented in the paper.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/809/91
- Title:
- Outflows in sodium excess objects
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/809/91
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Van Dokkum and Conroy (2010Natur.468..940V) revisited the unexpectedly strong NaI lines at 8200{AA} found in some giant elliptical galaxies and interpreted them as evidence for an unusually bottom-heavy initial mass function. Jeong et al. (2013, J/ApJS/208/7) later found a large population of galaxies showing equally extraordinary Na D doublet absorption lines at 5900{AA} (Na D excess objects: NEOs) and showed that their origins can be different for different types of galaxies. While a Na D excess seems to be related to the interstellar medium (ISM) in late-type galaxies, smooth-looking early-type NEOs show little or no dust extinction and hence no compelling signs of ISM contributions. To further test this finding, we measured the Doppler components in the Na D lines. We hypothesized that the ISM would have a better (albeit not definite) chance of showing a blueshift Doppler departure from the bulk of the stellar population due to outflow caused by either star formation or AGN activities. Many of the late-type NEOs clearly show blueshift in their Na D lines, which is consistent with the former interpretation that the Na D excess found in them is related to gas outflow caused by star formation. On the contrary, smooth-looking early-type NEOs do not show any notable Doppler components, which is also consistent with the interpretation of Jeong et al. that the Na D excess in early-type NEOs is likely not related to ISM activities but is purely stellar in origin.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/524/A45
- Title:
- Overproduction factors of s-nuclei in massive stars
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/524/A45
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Using the "post-processing" technique, we explore the role of the convective overshooting on the production of s-nuclei in stellar models of different initial mass and metallicity (M_ZAMS_ in the range 15-25M_{sun}_ Z in the range 10^-4^-0.02), considering a range of values for the parameter f, which determines the overall efficiency of convective overshooting. We find enhancements in the production of s-nuclei until a factor ~6 (measured as the average overproduction factor of the 6 s-only nuclear species with 60<A<90) in all our models of different initial mass and metallicity having f in the range 0.01-0.035 (i.e. models with overshooting), compared to the production obtained with "no-overshooting" models (i.e. models having the same initial mass and metallicity but f=10^-5^). Moreover the results indicate that the link between the overshooting parameter f and the s-process efficiency is essentially monotonic in all our models of different initial mass and metallicity. Also evident is the higher s-process efficiency when, for a given f value, we progressively increase both the mass of the models from 15 to 25M_{sun}_ and the Z value from 10^-4^ to 0.02.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/455/2627
- Title:
- Oxygen abundance gradient in M81
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/455/2627
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We study the sensitivity of the methods available for abundance determinations in HII regions to potential observational problems. We compare the dispersions they introduce around the oxygen and nitrogen abundance gradients when applied to five different sets of spectra of HII regions in the galaxy M81. Our sample contains 116 HII regions with galactocentric distances of 3 to 33kpc, including 48 regions observed by us with the OSIRIS long-slit spectrograph at the 10.4-m Gran Telescopio Canarias telescope. The direct method can be applied to 31 regions, where we can get estimates of the electron temperature. The different methods imply oxygen abundance gradients with slopes of -0.010 to -0.002dex/kpc, and dispersions in the range 0.06-0.25dex. The direct method produces the shallowest slope and the largest dispersion, illustrating the difficulty of obtaining good estimates of the electron temperature. Three of the strong-line methods, C, ONS, and N2, are remarkably robust, with dispersions of ~0.06dex, and slopes in the range -0.008 to -0.006dex/kpc. The robustness of each method can be directly related to its sensitivity to the line intensity ratios that are more difficult to measure properly. Since the results of the N2 method depend strongly on the N/O abundance ratio and on the ionization parameter, we recommend the use of the C and ONS methods when no temperature estimates are available or when they have poor quality, although the behaviour of these methods when confronted with regions that have different properties and different values of N/O should be explored.
