- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/645/A64
- Title:
- Potential omega Cen associate EW
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/645/A64
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Globular clusters (GCs) are important donors to the build-up of the Milky Way (MW) stellar halo, having contributed at the ten percent level over the Galactic history. Stars that originated from the second generation of dissolved or dissolving clusters can be readily identified via distinct light-element signatures such as enhanced N and Na and simultaneously depleted C and O abundances. In this paper we present an extensive chemical abundance analysis of the halo star J110842, which was previously kinematically associated with the massive MW GC {omega} Centauri ({omega} Cen), and we discuss viable scenarios from escape to encounter. Based on a high-resolution, high signal-to-noise spectrum of this star using the UVES spectrograph, we were able to measure 33 species of 31 elements across all nucleosynthetic channels. The star's low metallicity of [FeII/H]=2.10+/-0.02(stat.)+/-0.07(sys.) dex places it in the lower sixth percentile of {omega} Cen's metallicity distribution. We find that all of the heavier-element abundances, from - and Fepeak elements to neutron-capture elements are closely compatible with {omega} Cen's broad abundance distribution. However, given the major overlap of this object's abundances with the bulk of all of the MW components, this does not allow for a clear-cut distinction of the star's origin. In contrast, our measurements of an enhancement in CN and its position on the Na-strong locus of the Na-O anticorrelation render it conceivable that it originally formed as a second-generation GC star, lending support to a former association of this halo star with the massive GC {omega} Cen.
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Search Results
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/156/142
- Title:
- Precision cluster abund. for APOGEE using SDSS DR14
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/156/142
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The Open Cluster Chemical Abundances and Mapping (OCCAM) survey aims to produce a comprehensive, uniform, infrared-based spectroscopic data set for hundreds of open clusters, and to constrain key Galactic dynamical and chemical parameters from this sample. This second contribution from the OCCAM survey presents analysis of 259 member stars with [Fe/H] determinations in 19 open clusters, using Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 14 (SDSS/DR14) data from the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment and ESA Gaia. This analysis, which includes clusters with R_GC_ ranging from 7 to 13 kpc, measures an [Fe/H] gradient of -0.061+/-0.004 dex/kpc. We also confirm evidence of a significant positive gradient in the {alpha}-elements ([O/Fe], [Mg/Fe], and [Si/Fe]) and present evidence for a significant negative gradient in iron-peak elements ([Mn/Fe] and [Ni/Fe]).
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/715/1050
- Title:
- Predicted abundances for extrasolar planets. I.
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/715/1050
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Extrasolar planet host stars have been found to be enriched in key planet-building elements. These enrichments have the potential to drastically alter the composition of material available for terrestrial planet formation. Here, we report on the combination of dynamical models of late-stage terrestrial planet formation within known extrasolar planetary systems with chemical equilibrium models of the composition of solid material within the disk. This allows us to determine the bulk elemental composition of simulated extrasolar terrestrial planets. A wide variety of resulting planetary compositions are found, ranging from those that are essentially "Earth like", containing metallic Fe and Mg silicates, to those that are dominated by graphite and SiC. This shows that a diverse range of terrestrial planets may exist within extrasolar planetary systems.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/760/44
- Title:
- Predicted terrestrial planet abundances
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/760/44
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Prior work has found that a variety of terrestrial planetary compositions are expected to occur within known extrasolar planetary systems. However, such studies ignored the effects of giant planet migration, which is thought to be very common in extrasolar systems. Here we present calculations of the compositions of terrestrial planets that formed in dynamical simulations incorporating varying degrees of giant planet migration. We used chemical equilibrium models of the solid material present in the disks of five known planetary host stars: the Sun, GJ 777, HD4203, HD19994, and HD213240. Giant planet migration has a strong effect on the compositions of simulated terrestrial planets as the migration results in large-scale mixing between terrestrial planet building blocks that condensed at a range of temperatures. This mixing acts to (1) increase the typical abundance of Mg-rich silicates in the terrestrial planets' feeding zones and thus increase the frequency of planets with Earth-like compositions compared with simulations with static giant planet orbits, and (2) drastically increase the efficiency of the delivery of hydrous phases (water and serpentine) to terrestrial planets and thus produce waterworlds and/or wet Earths. Our results demonstrate that although a wide variety of terrestrial planet compositions can still be produced, planets with Earth-like compositions should be common within extrasolar planetary systems.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/599/A49
- Title:
- Pre-main sequence stars evolutionary models
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/599/A49
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Protostars grow from the first formation of a small seed and subsequent accretion of material. Recent theoretical work has shown that the pre-main-sequence (PMS) evolution of stars is much more complex than previously envisioned. Instead of the traditional steady, one-dimensional solution, accretion may be episodic and not necessarily symmetrical, thereby affecting the energy deposited inside the star and its interior structure. Given this new framework, we want to understand what controls the evolution of accreting stars. We use the MESA stellar evolution code with various sets of conditions. In particular, we account for the (unknown) efficiency of accretion in burying gravitational energy into the protostar through a parameter, ksi, and we vary the amount of deuterium present. We confirm the findings of previous works that, in terms of evolutionary tracks on an Hertzprung-Russell (H-R) diagram, the evolution changes significantly with the amount of energy that is lost during accretion. We find that deuterium burning also regulates the PMS evolution. In the low-entropy accretion scenario, the evolutionary tracks in the H-R diagram are significantly different from the classical tracks and are sensitive to the deuterium content. A comparison of theoretical evolutionary tracks and observations allows us to exclude some cold accretion models (ksi~0) with low deuterium abundances.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/618/A132
- Title:
- Pre-main sequence stars evolutionary models. II
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/618/A132
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We want to investigate how planet formation is imprinted on stellar surface composition using up-to-date stellar evolution models. We simulate the evolution of pre-main-sequence stars as a function of the efficiency of heat injection during accretion, the deuterium mass fraction, and the stellar mass, M*. For simplicity, we assume that planet formation leads to the late accretion of zero-metallicity gas, diluting the surface stellar composition as a function of the mass of the stellar outer convective zone. We estimate that in the solar system, between 97 and 168 Mearth of condensates formed planets or were ejected from the system. We adopt 150 M_earth_(M*/M_sun_)(Z/Z_sun_) as an uncertain but plausible estimate of the mass of heavy elements that is not accreted by stars with giant planets, including our Sun. By combining our stellar evolution models to these estimates, we evaluate the consequences of planet formation on stellar surface compositions. We show that after the first ~0.1 million years (Myr) during which stellar structure can differ widely from the usually assumed fully-convective structure, the evolution of the convective zone follows classical pre-main-sequence evolutionary tracks within a factor of two in age. We find that planet formation should lead to a scatter in stellar surface composition that is larger for high-mass stars than for low-mass stars. We predict a spread in [Fe/H] of approximately 0.05dex for stars of temperature Teff~6500K, to 0.02dex for Teff~5500K, marginally compatible with differences in metallicities observed in some binary stars with planets. Stars with Teff>=7000K may show much larger [Fe/H] deficits, by 0.6dex or more, in the presence of efficient planet formation, compatible with the existence of refractory-poor lambda Boo stars. We also find that planet formation may explain the lack of refractory elements seen in the Sun as compared to solar twins, but only if the ice-to-rock ratio in the solar-system planets is less than ~0.4 and planet formation began less than ~1.3Myr after the beginning of the formation of the Sun.
1377. Presupernova evolution
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/199/38
- Title:
- Presupernova evolution
- Short Name:
- J/ApJS/199/38
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present a new set of zero metallicity models in the range 13-80M_{sun}_ together to the associated explosive nucleosynthesis. These models are fully homogeneous with the solar metallicity set we published in Limongi & Chieffi (2006ApJ...647..483L) and will be freely available at the Online Repository for the FRANEC Evolutionary Output (ORFEO) Web site. A comparison between these yields and an average star that represents the average behavior of most of the very metal-poor stars in the range -5.0<[Fe/H]<-2.5 confirms previous findings that only a fraction of the elemental [X/Fe] may be fitted by the ejecta of standard core collapse supernovae.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AN/338/686
- Title:
- Pristine survey II. Bright stars abundances
- Short Name:
- J/AN/338/686
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Extremely metal-poor (EMP) stars are old objects formed in the first Gyr of the Universe. They are rare and, to select them the most successful strategy has been to build on large and low-resolution spectroscopic surveys. The combination of narrow- and broad-band photometry provides a powerful and cheaper alternative to select metal-poor stars. The ongoing Pristine Survey is adopting this strategy, conducting photometry with the Canada France Hawaii Telescope MegaCam wide-field imager and a narrow-band filter centered at 395.2nm on the Ca II-H and -K lines. In this paper, we present the results of the spectroscopic follow-up conducted on a sample of 26 stars at the bright end of the magnitude range of the Survey (g<=15), using FEROS at the MPG/ESO 2.2-m telescope (manufactured by Zeiss, Oberkochen, Germany). From our chemical investigation on the sample, we conclude that this magnitude range is too bright to use the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) gri bands, which are typically saturated. Instead, the Pristine photometry can be usefully combined with the AAVSO Photometric All Sky Survey (APASS) gri photometry to provide reliable metallicity estimates. Data from FEROS.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/726/25
- Title:
- Production of the p-process nuclei in SNe Ia
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/726/25
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We calculate the nucleosynthesis of proton-rich isotopes in the carbon-deflagration model for Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia). The seed abundances are obtained by calculating the s-process nucleosynthesis that is expected to occur in the repeating helium shell flashes on the carbon-oxygen (CO) white dwarf (WD) during mass accretion from a binary companion. When the deflagration wave passes through the outer layer of the CO WD, p-nuclei are produced by photodisintegration reactions on s-nuclei in a region where the peak temperature ranges from 1.9 to 3.6x10^9^K. We confirm the sensitivity of the p-process on the initial distribution of s-nuclei. We show that the initial C/O ratio in the WD does not affect much the yield of p-nuclei. On the other hand, the abundance of ^22^Ne left after s-processing has a large influence on the p-process via the ^22^Ne({alpha},n) reaction. We find that about 50% of p-nuclides are co-produced when normalized to their solar abundances in all adopted cases of seed distribution. Mo and Ru, which are largely underproduced in Type II supernovae (SNe II), are produced more than in SNe II although they are underproduced with respect to the yield levels of other p-nuclides. The ratios between p-nuclei and iron in the ejecta are larger than the solar ratios by a factor of 1.2. We also compare the yields of oxygen, iron, and p-nuclides in SNe Ia and SNe II and suggest that SNe Ia could make a larger contribution than SNe II to the solar system content of p-nuclei.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/805/3
- Title:
- Profiles of clusters of galxies from Chandra
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/805/3
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- A sample of 46 nearby clusters observed with Chandra is analyzed to produce radial density, temperature, entropy, and metallicity profiles, as well as other morphological measurements. The entropy profiles are computed to larger radii than in previous Chandra cluster sample analyses. We find that the iron mass fraction measured in the inner 0.15R_500_ shows a larger dispersion across the sample of low-mass clusters than it does for the sample of high-mass clusters. We interpret this finding as the result of the mixing of more halos in large clusters than in small clusters, leading to an averaging of the metallicity in the large clusters, and thus less dispersion of metallicity. This interpretation lends support to the idea that the low-entropy, metal-rich gas of merging halos reaches the clusters' centers, which explains observations of core-collapse supernova product metallicity peaks, and which is seen in hydrodynamical simulations. The gas in these merging halos would have to reach cluster centers without mixing in the outer regions. On the other hand, the metallicity dispersion does not change with mass in the outer regions of the clusters, suggesting that most of the outer metals originate from a source with a more uniform metallicity level, such as during pre-enrichment. We also measure a correlation between the metal content in low-mass clusters and the morphological disturbance of their intracluster medium, as measured by centroid shift. This suggests an alternative interpretation, whereby transitional metallicity boosts in the center of low-mass clusters account for the larger dispersion of their metallicities.