- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/838/83
- Title:
- Radial velocities, abundances & membership in TriII
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/838/83
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Among the Milky Way satellites discovered in the past three years, Triangulum II has presented the most difficulty in revealing its dynamical status. Kirby+ (2015ApJ...814L...7K) identified it as the most dark-matter-dominated galaxy known, with a mass-to-light ratio within the half-light radius of 3600_-2100_^+3500^M_{sun}_/L_{sun}_. On the other hand, Martin+ (2016ApJ...818...40M) measured an outer velocity dispersion that is 3.5+/-2.1 times larger than the central velocity dispersion, suggesting that the system might not be in equilibrium. From new multi-epoch Keck/DEIMOS measurements of 13 member stars in Triangulum II, we constrain the velocity dispersion to be {sigma}_v_<3.4km/s (90%C.L.). Our previous measurement of {sigma}_v_, based on six stars, was inflated by the presence of a binary star with variable radial velocity. We find no evidence that the velocity dispersion increases with radius. The stars display a wide range of metallicities, indicating that Triangulum II retained supernova ejecta and therefore possesses, or once possessed, a massive dark matter halo. However, the detection of a metallicity dispersion hinges on the membership of the two most metal-rich stars. The stellar mass is lower than galaxies of similar mean stellar metallicity, which might indicate that Triangulum II is either a star cluster or a tidally stripped dwarf galaxy. Detailed abundances of one star show heavily depressed neutron-capture abundances, similar to stars in most other ultra-faint dwarf galaxies but unlike stars in globular clusters.
Number of results to display per page
Search Results
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/526/A112
- Title:
- Radial velocities of HARPS metal-poor sample
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/526/A112
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Searching for extrasolar planets around stars of different metallicity may provide strong constraints to the models of planet formation and evolution. In this paper we present the overall results of a HARPS (a high-precision spectrograph mostly dedicated to deriving precise radial velocities) program to search for planets orbiting a sample of 104 metal-poor stars (selected [Fe/H] below -0.5). Radial velocity time series of each star are presented and searched for signals using several statistical diagnostics. tars with detected signals are presented, including 3 attributed to the presence of previously announced giant planets orbiting the stars HD171028, HD181720, and HD190984. Several binary stars and at least one case of a coherent signal caused by activity-related phenomena are presented. One very promising new, possible giant planet orbiting the star HD107094 is discussed, and the results are analyzed in light of the metallicity-giant planet correlation. We conclude that the frequency of giant planets orbiting metal-poor stars may be higher than previously thought, probably reflecting the higher precision of the HARPS survey. In the metallicity domain of our sample, we also find evidence that the frequency of planets is a steeply rising function of the stellar metal content, as found for higher metallicity stars.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/152/167
- Title:
- Radial velocities of HD 133131A and HD 133131B
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/152/167
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present a new precision radial velocity (RV) data set that reveals multiple planets orbiting the stars in the ~360 au, G2+G2 "twin" binary HD133131AB. Our six years of high-resolution echelle observations from MIKE and five years from the Planet Finder Spectrograph (PFS) on the Magellan telescopes indicate the presence of two eccentric planets around HD133131A with minimum masses of 1.43+/-0.03 and 0.63+/-0.15M_J_ at 1.44+/-0.005 and 4.79+/-0.92au, respectively. Additional PFS observations of HD133131B spanning five years indicate the presence of one eccentric planet of minimum mass 2.50+/-0.05M_J_ at 6.40+/-0.59au, making it one of the longest-period planets detected with RV to date. These planets are the first to be reported primarily based on data taken with the PFS on Magellan, demonstrating the instrument's precision and the advantage of long-baseline RV observations. We perform a differential analysis between the Sun and each star, and between the stars themselves, to derive stellar parameters and measure a suite of 21 abundances across a wide range of condensation temperatures. The host stars are old (likely ~9.5Gyr) and metal-poor ([Fe/H]~-0.30), and we detect a ~0.03dex depletion in refractory elements in HD133131A versus B (with standard errors ~0.017). This detection and analysis adds to a small but growing sample of binary "twin" exoplanet host stars with precise abundances measured, and represents the most metal-poor and likely oldest in that sample. Overall, the planets around HD133131A and B fall in an unexpected regime in planet mass-host star metallicity space and will serve as an important benchmark for the study of long-period giant planets.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/736/146
- Title:
- Radial velocities of stars in Bootes I
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/736/146
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We develop, implement, and characterize an enhanced data reduction approach which delivers precise, accurate, radial velocities from moderate resolution spectroscopy with the fiber-fed VLT/FLAMES+GIRAFFE facility. This facility, with appropriate care, delivers radial velocities adequate to resolve the intrinsic velocity dispersions of the very faint dwarf spheroidal (dSph) galaxies. Importantly, repeated measurements let us reliably calibrate our individual velocity errors (0.2km/s<={delta}_V_<=5km/s) and directly detect stars with variable radial velocities. We show, by application to the Bootes I dSph, that the intrinsic velocity dispersion of this system is significantly below 6.5km/s reported by previous studies. Our data favor a two-population model of Bootes I, consisting of a majority "cold" stellar component, with velocity dispersion 2.4^+0.9^_-0.5_km/s, and a minority "hot" stellar component, with velocity dispersion ~9km/s, although we cannot completely rule out a single component distribution with velocity dispersion 4.6^0.8^_-0.6_km/s. We speculate that this complex velocity distribution actually reflects the distribution of velocity anisotropy in Bootes I, which is a measure of its formation processes.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/244/27
- Title:
- Radial velocity measurements in LAMOST-II
- Short Name:
- J/ApJS/244/27
- Date:
- 09 Dec 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The radial velocity (RV) is a basic physical quantity that can be determined through the Doppler shift of the spectrum of a star. The precision of the RV measurement depends on the resolution of the spectrum we used and the accuracy of wavelength calibration. In this work, radial velocities of the Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fibre Spectroscopic Telescope-II (LAMOST-II) medium-resolution (R~7500) spectra are measured for 1,594,956 spectra (each spectrum has two wavebands) through matching with templates. A set of RV standard stars are used to recalibrate the zero point of the measurement, and some reference sets with RVs derived from medium-/high-resolution observations are used to evaluate the accuracy of the measurement. By comparing with reference sets, the accuracy of our measurement can get 0.0277km/s with respect to radial velocities of standard stars. The intrinsic precision is estimated with the multiple observations of single stars, which can be achieved to 1.36km/s, 1.08km/s, and 0.91km/s for the spectra at signal-to-noise levels of 10, 20, and 50, respectively.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/860/1
- Title:
- Radial velocity measurements of 20 EBs in LMC
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/860/1
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present a determination of the precise fundamental physical parameters of 20 detached, double-lined, eclipsing binary stars in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) containing G- or early K-type giant stars. Eleven are new systems; the remaining nine are systems already analyzed by our team for which we present updated parameters. The catalog results from our long-term survey of eclipsing binaries in the Magellanic Clouds suitable for high-precision determination of distances (the Araucaria Project). The V-band brightnesses of the systems range from 15.4 to 17.7mag, and their orbital periods range from 49 to 773days. Six systems have favorable geometry showing total eclipses. The absolute dimensions of all eclipsing binary components are calculated with a precision of better than 3%, and all systems are suitable for a precise distance determination. The measured stellar masses are in the range 1.4 to 4.6M_{sun}_, and comparison with the MESA isochrones gives ages between 0.1 and 2.1Gyr. The systems show an age-metallicity relation with no evolution of metallicity for systems older than 0.6Gyr, followed by a rise to a metallicity maximum at age 0.5Gyr and then a slow metallicity decrease until 0.1Gyr. Two systems have components with very different masses: OGLE LMC-ECL-05430 and OGLE LMC-ECL-18365. Neither system can be fitted by a single stellar evolution isochrone, explained by a past mass transfer scenario in the case of ECL-18365 and a gravitational capture or hierarchical binary merger scenario in the case of ECL-05430. The longest-period system, OGLE LMC SC9_230659, shows a surprising apsidal motion that shifts the apparent position of the eclipses. This is a clear sign of a physical companion to the system; however, neither investigation of the spectra nor light-curve analysis indicates a third-light contribution larger than 2%-3%. In one spectrum of OGLE LMC-ECL-12669, we noted a peculiar dimming of one of the components by 65% well outside of the eclipses. We interpret this observation as arising from an extremely rare occultation event, as a foreground Galactic object covers only one component of an extragalactic eclipsing binary.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/818/34
- Title:
- Radial velocity monitoring of 5 FGK stars
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/818/34
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We report the detection of two new long-period giant planets orbiting the stars HD 95872 and HD 162004 ({psi}^1^ Dra B) by the McDonald Observatory planet search. The planet HD 95872b has a minimum mass of 4.6M_Jup_ and an orbital semimajor axis of 5.2AU. The giant planet {psi}^1^ Dra Bb has a minimum mass of 1.5M_Jup_ and an orbital semimajor axis of 4.4AU. Both of these planets qualify as Jupiter analogs. These results are based on over one and a half decades of precise radial velocity (RV) measurements collected by our program using the McDonald Observatory Tull Coude spectrograph at the 2.7m Harlan J. Smith Telescope. In the case of {psi}^1^ Dra B we also detect a long-term nonlinear trend in our data that indicates the presence of an additional giant planet, similar to the Jupiter-Saturn pair. The primary of the binary star system, {psi}^1^ Dra A, exhibits a very large amplitude RV variation due to another stellar companion. We detect this additional member using speckle imaging. We also report two cases --HD 10086 and HD 102870 ({beta} Virginis)-- of significant RV variation consistent with the presence of a planet, but that are probably caused by stellar activity, rather than reflexive Keplerian motion. These two cases stress the importance of monitoring the magnetic activity level of a target star, as long-term activity cycles can mimic the presence of a Jupiter-analog planet.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/157/52
- Title:
- Radial velocity observations in super-Earth systems
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/157/52
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We use radial velocity (RV) observations to search for long-period gas giant companions in systems hosting inner super-Earth (1-4 R_{Earth}_, 1-10 M_{Earth}_) planets to constrain formation and migration scenarios for this population. We consistently refit published RV data sets for 65 stars and find nine systems with statistically significant trends indicating the presence of an outer companion. We combine these RV data with AO images to constrain the masses and semi-major axes of these companions. We quantify our sensitivity to the presence of long-period companions by fitting the sample with a power-law distribution and find an occurrence rate of 39%+/-7% for companions 0.5-20 M_Jup_ and 1-20 au. Half of our systems were discovered by the transit method, and half were discovered by the RV method. While differences in the RV baselines and number of data points between the two samples lead to different sensitivities to distant companions, we find that occurrence rates of gas giant companions in each sample are consistent at the 0.5{sigma} level. We compare the frequency of Jupiter analogs in these systems to the equivalent rate from field star surveys and find that Jupiter analogs are more common around stars hosting super-Earths. We conclude that the presence of outer gas giants does not suppress the formation of inner super-Earths, and that these two populations of planets instead appear to be correlated. We also find that the stellar metallicities of systems with gas giant companions are higher than those without companions, in agreement with the well-established metallicity correlation from RV surveys of field stars.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/625/A68
- Title:
- Radii and masses of the CARMENES targets
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/625/A68
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We determine the radii and masses of 293 nearby, bright M dwarfs of the CARMENES survey. This is the first time that such a large and homogeneous high-resolution (R>80000) spectroscopic survey has been used to derive these fundamental stellar parameters. We derived the radii using Stefan-Boltzmann's law. We obtained the required effective temperatures Teff from a spectral analysis and we obtained the required luminosities L from integrated broadband photometry together with the Gaia DR2 parallaxes. The mass was then determined using a mass-radius relation that we derived from eclipsing binaries known in the literature. We compared this method with three other methods: (1) We calculated the mass from the radius and the surface gravity logg, which was obtained from the same spectral analysis as Teff. (2) We used a widely used infrared mass-magnitude relation. (3) We used a Bayesian approach to infer stellar parameters from the comparison of the absolute magnitudes and colors of our targets with evolutionary models. Between spectral types M0V and M7V our radii cover the range 0.1R_{sun}_<R<0.6R_{sun}_ with an error of 2-3% and our masses cover 0.09M_{sun}_<M<0.6M_{sun}_ with an error of 3-5%. We find good agreement between the masses determined with these different methods for most of our targets. Only the masses of very young objects show discrepancies. This can be well explained with the assumptions that we used for our methods.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/157/63
- Title:
- Radius relations for low-metallicity M-dwarf stars
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/157/63
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- M subdwarfs are low-metallicity M dwarfs that typically inhabit the halo population of the Galaxy. Metallicity controls the opacity of stellar atmospheres; in metal-poor stars, hydrostatic equilibrium is reached at a smaller radius, leading to smaller radii for a given effective temperature. We compile a sample of 88 stars that span spectral classes K7 to M6 and include stars with metallicity classes from solar-metallicity dwarf stars to the lowest metallicity ultra subdwarfs to test how metallicity changes the stellar radius. We fit models to Palomar Double Spectrograph (DBSP) optical spectra to derive effective temperatures (T_eff_) and we measure bolometric luminosities (L_bol_) by combining broad wavelength-coverage photometry with Gaia parallaxes. Radii are then computed by combining the T_eff_ and L_bol_ using the Stefan-Boltzman law. We find that for a given temperature, ultra subdwarfs can be as much as five times smaller than their solar-metallicity counterparts. We present color-radius and color-surface brightness relations that extend down to [Fe/H] of -2.0 dex, in order to aid the radius determination of M subdwarfs, which will be especially important for the WFIRST exoplanetary microlensing survey.