- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/530/A115
- Title:
- Rotating massive MS stars evolutionary models
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/530/A115
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present a dense grid of evolutionary tracks and isochrones of rotating massive main-sequence stars. We provide three grids with different initial compositions tailored to compare with early OB stars in the Small and Large Magellanic Clouds and in the Galaxy. Each grid covers masses ranging from 5 to 60M_{sun}_ and initial rotation rates between 0 and about 600km/s. To calibrate our models we used the results of the VLT-FLAMES Survey of Massive Stars. We determine the amount of convective overshooting by using the observed drop in rotation rates for stars with surface gravities logg<3.2 to determine the width of the main sequence. We calibrate the efficiency of rotationally induced mixing using the nitrogen abundance determinations for B stars in the Large Magellanic cloud. We describe and provide evolutionary tracks and the evolution of the central and surface abundances.
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- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/822/97
- Title:
- Rotation-Activity Correlations in K-M dwarfs. I.
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/822/97
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The reliable determination of rotation-activity correlations (RACs) depends on precise measurements of the following stellar parameters: T_eff_, parallax, radius, metallicity, and rotational speed vsini. In this paper, our goal is to focus on the determination of these parameters for a sample of K and M dwarfs. In a future paper (PaperII; Houdebine+, 2017, J/ApJ/837/96), we will combine our rotational data with activity data in order to construct RACs. Here, we report on a determination of effective temperatures based on the (R-I)_C_ color from the calibrations of Mann+ (2015, J/ApJ/804/64) and Kenyon & Hartmann (1995, J/ApJS/101/117) for four samples of late-K, dM2, dM3, and dM4 stars. We also determine stellar parameters (T_eff_, log(g), and [M/H]) using the principal component analysis-based inversion technique for a sample of 105 late-K dwarfs. We compile all effective temperatures from the literature for this sample. We determine empirical radius-[M/H] correlations in our stellar samples. This allows us to propose new effective temperatures, stellar radii, and metallicities for a large sample of 612 late-K and M dwarfs. Our mean radii agree well with those of Boyajian+ (2012, J/ApJ/757/112). We analyze HARPS and SOPHIE spectra of 105 late-K dwarfs, and we have detected vsini in 92 stars. In combination with our previous vsini measurements in M and K dwarfs, we now derive P/sini measures for a sample of 418 K and M dwarfs. We investigate the distributions of P/sini, and we show that they are different from one spectral subtype to another at a 99.9% confidence level.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/704/750
- Title:
- Rotational behavior of metal-poor stars
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/704/750
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- This paper describes the behavior of the rotational velocity in metal-poor stars ([Fe/H]<=-0.5dex) in different evolutionary stages, based on vsini values from the literature. Our sample is comprised of stars in the field and some Galactic globular clusters, including stars on the main sequence, the red giant branch (RGB), and the horizontal branch (HB). The metal-poor stars are, mainly, slow rotators, and their vsini distribution along the HR diagram is quite homogeneous. Nevertheless, a few moderate to high values of vsini are found in stars located on the main sequence and the HB. We show that the overall distribution of vsini values is basically independent of metallicity for the stars in our sample. We present an extensive tabulation of all quantities discussed in this paper, including rotation velocities, temperatures, gravities, and metallicities [Fe/H], as well as broadband magnitudes and colors.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/606/A55
- Title:
- Rotational mixing in CEMP-s stars
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/606/A55
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Carbon-enhanced metal-poor (CEMP) stars with s-process enrichment (CEMP-s) are believed to be the products of mass transfer from an asymptotic giant branch (AGB) companion, which has long since become a white dwarf. The surface abundances of CEMP-s stars are thus commonly assumed to reflect the nucleosynthesis output of the first AGB stars. We have previously shown that, for this to be the case, some physical mechanism must counter atomic diffusion (gravitational settling and radiative levitation) in these nearly fully radiative stars, which otherwise leads to surface abundance anomalies clearly inconsistent with observations. Here we take into account angular momentum accretion by these stars. We compute in detail the evolution of typical CEMP-s stars from the zero-age main sequence, through the mass accretion, and up the red giant branch for a wide range of specific angular momentum ja of the accreted material, corresponding to surface rotation velocities, v_rot_, between about 0.3 and 300km/s. We find that only for j_a_>~10^17^cm^2^/s (v_rot_>20km/s, depending on mass accreted) angular momentum accretion directly causes chemical dilution of the accreted material. This could nevertheless be relevant to CEMP-s stars, which are observed to rotate more slowly, if they undergo continuous angular momentum loss akin to solar-like stars. In models with rotation velocities characteristic of CEMP-s stars, rotational mixing primarily serves to inhibit atomic diffusion, such that the maximal surface abundance variations (with respect to the composition of the accreted material) prior to first dredge-up remain within about 0.4dex without thermohaline mixing or about 0.5-1.5dex with thermohaline mixing. Even in models with the lowest rotation velocities (v_rot_<~1km/s), rotational mixing is able to severely inhibit atomic diffusion, compared to non-rotating models. We thus conclude that it offers a natural solution to the problem posed by atomic diffusion and cannot be neglected in models of CEMP-s stars.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/757/109
- Title:
- Rotational velocities + Li abundance in K giants
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/757/109
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The orbital angular momentum of a close-orbiting giant planet can be sufficiently large that, if transferred to the envelope of the host star during the red giant branch (RGB) evolution, it can spin-up the star's rotation to unusually large speeds. This spin-up mechanism is one possible explanation for the rapid rotators detected among the population of generally slow-rotating red giant stars. These rapid rotators thus comprise a unique stellar sample suitable for searching for signatures of planet accretion in the form of unusual stellar abundances due to the dissemination of the accreted planet in the stellar envelope. In this study, we look for signatures of replenishment in the Li abundances and (to a lesser extent) ^12^C/^13^C, which are both normally lowered during RGB evolution. Accurate abundances were measured from high signal-to-noise echelle spectra for samples of both slow and rapid rotator red giant stars. We find that the rapid rotators are on average enriched in lithium compared to the slow rotators, but both groups of stars have identical distributions of ^12^C/^13^C within our measurement precision. Both of these abundance results are consistent with the accretion of planets of only a few Jupiter masses. We also explore alternative scenarios for understanding the most Li-rich stars in our sample--particularly Li regeneration during various stages of stellar evolution. Finally, we find that our stellar samples show non-standard abundances even at early RGB stages, suggesting that initial protostellar Li abundances and ^12^C/^13^C may be more variable than originally thought.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/807/82
- Title:
- Rotational velocities of APOKASC red giants
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/807/82
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We investigate the occurrence rate of rapidly rotating (vsini>10km/s), low-mass giant stars in the Apache Point Observatory Galaxy Evolution Experiment-Kepler (APOKASC) fields with asteroseismic mass and surface gravity measurements. Such stars are likely merger products and their frequency places interesting constraints on stellar population models. We also identify anomalous rotators, i.e., stars with 5km/s<vsini<10km/s that are rotating significantly faster than both angular momentum evolution predictions and the measured rates of similar stars. Our data set contains fewer rapid rotators than one would expect given measurements of the Galactic field star population, which likely indicates that asteroseismic detections are less common in rapidly rotating red giants. The number of low-mass moderate (5-10km/s) rotators in our sample gives a lower limit of 7% for the rate at which low-mass stars interact on the upper red giant branch because single stars in this mass range are expected to rotate slowly. Finally, we classify the likely origin of the rapid or anomalous rotation where possible. KIC 10293335 is identified as a merger product and KIC 6501237 is a possible binary system of two oscillating red giants.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/398/647
- Title:
- Rotational velocities of F and G stars
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/398/647
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present a detailed study of rotation and differential rotation analyzing high resolution high S/N spectra of 142 F-, G- and early K-type field stars. Using Least Squares Deconvolution we obtain broadening profiles for our sample stars and use the Fourier transform method to determine projected rotational velocities vsini. Distributions of rotational velocities and periods are studied in the HR-diagram. For a subsample of 32 stars of spectral type F0-G0 we derive the amount of differential rotation. We find evidence for differential rotation in ten of the 32 stars. The observations were done with the ESO 3.6m telescope at La Silla, Chile, in October 2000, October 2001 and April 2002. The CES instrument (resolution 235000) was used, in the wavelength regions 577-581nm and 322.5-627nm.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/634/L9
- Title:
- Rotation periods of 97 solar-like stars
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/634/L9
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The accurate determination of stellar rotation periods is important for estimating stellar ages and for understanding stellar activity and evolution. While rotation periods can be determined for about thirty thousand stars in the Kepler field, there are over one hundred thousand stars, especially with low photometric variability and irregular pattern of variations, for which rotational periods are unknown. Here we investigate the effect of metallicity on the detectability of rotation periods. This is done by synthesising light curves of hypothetical stars that are identical to our Sun with the exception of the metallicity. These light curves are then used as an input to the period determination algorithms. We find that the success rate for recovering the rotation signal has a minimum close to the solar metallicity value. This can be explained by the compensation effect of facular and spot contributions. In addition, selecting solar-like stars with near-solar effective temperature and photometric variability, and with metallicity between M/H=-0.35 and M/H=0.35 from the Kepler sample, we analyse the fraction of stars for which rotational periods have been detected as a function of metallicity. In agreement with our theoretical estimate we find a local minimum for the detection fraction close to the solar metallicity. We further report rotation periods of 87 solar-like Kepler stars for the first time.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/858/92
- Title:
- RPA Southern Pilot Search of 107 Stars
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/858/92
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The recent detection of a binary neutron star merger and the clear evidence for the decay of radioactive material observed in this event have, after 60 years of effort, provided an astrophysical site for the rapid neutron- capture (r-) process which is responsible for the production of the heaviest elements in our universe. However, observations of metal-poor stars with highly-enhanced r-process elements have revealed abundance patterns suggesting that multiple sites may be involved. To address this issue and to advance our understanding of the r-process, we have initiated an extensive search for bright (V<13.5), very metal-poor ([Fe/H]<-2) stars in the Milky Way halo exhibiting strongly-enhanced r-process signatures. This paper presents the first sample collected in the southern hemisphere using the echelle spectrograph on du Pont 2.5m telescope at Las Campanas Observatory. We have observed and analyzed 107 stars with -3.13<[Fe/H]<-0.79. Of those, 12 stars are strongly enhanced in heavy r-process elements (r-II), 42 stars show moderate enhancements of heavy r-process material (r-I), and 20 stars exhibit low abundances of the heavy r-process elements and higher abundances of the light r-process elements relative to the heavy ones (limited-r). This search is more successful at finding r- process-enhanced stars compared to previous searches, primarily due to a refined target-selection procedure.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/619/A143
- Title:
- r-process abundances in AMBRE stars
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/619/A143
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The chemical evolution of neutron capture elements in the Milky Way disc is still a matter of debate. There is a lack of statistically significant catalogues of such element abundances, especially those of the r-process. We aim to understand the chemical evolution of r-process elements in Milky Way disc. We focus on three pure r-process elements Eu, Gd, and Dy. We also consider a pure s-process element, Ba, in order to disentangle the different nucleosynthesis processes. We take advantage of high-resolution FEROS, HARPS, and UVES spectra from the ESO archive in order to perform a homogeneous analysis on 6500 FGK Milky Way stars. The chemical analysis is performed thanks to the automatic optimization pipeline GAUGUIN. We present abundances of Ba (5057 stars), Eu (6268 stars), Gd (5431 stars), and Dy (5479 stars). Based on the [{alpha}/Fe] ratio determined previously by the AMBRE Project, we chemically characterize the thin and the thick discs, and a metal-rich {alpha}-rich population. First, we find that the [Eu/Fe] ratio follows a continuous sequence from the thin disc to the thick disc as a function of the metallicity. Second, in thick disc stars, the [Eu/Ba] ratio is found to be constant, while the [Gd/Ba] and [Dy/Ba] ratios decrease as a function of the metallicity. These observations clearly indicate a different nucleosynthesis history in the thick disc between Eu and Gd-Dy. The [r/Fe] ratio in the thin disc is roughly around +0.1dex at solar metallicity, which is not the case for Ba. We also find that the {alpha}-rich metal-rich stars are also enriched in r-process elements (like thick disc stars), but their [Ba/Fe] is very different from thick disc stars. Finally, we find that the [r/{alpha}] ratio tends to decrease with metallicity, indicating that supernovae of different properties probably contribute differently to the synthesis of r-process elements and {alpha}-elements. We provide average abundance trends for [Ba/Fe] and [Eu/Fe] with rather small dispersions, and for the first time for [Gd/Fe] and [Dy/Fe]. This data may help to constrain chemical evolution models of Milky Way r- and s-process elements and the yields of massive stars. We emphasize that including yields of neutron-star or black hole mergers is now crucial if we want to quantitatively compare observations to Galactic chemical evolution models.