- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/888/43
- Title:
- APOGEE-Kepler Cool Dwarf star ages determination
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/888/43
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We use models of stellar angular momentum evolution to determine ages for ~500 stars in the APOGEE-Kepler Cool Dwarfs sample. We focus on lower-main-sequence stars, where other age-dating tools become ineffective. Our age distributions are compared to those derived from asteroseismic and giant samples and solar analogs. We are able to recover gyrochronological ages for old, lower-main-sequence stars, a remarkable improvement over prior work in hotter stars. Under our model assumptions, our ages have a median relative uncertainty of 14%, comparable to the age precision inferred for more massive stars using traditional methods. We investigate trends of Galactic {alpha}-enhancement with age, finding evidence of a detection threshold between the age of the oldest {alpha}-poor stars and that of the bulk {alpha}-rich population. We argue that gyrochronology is an effective tool reaching ages of 10-12Gyr in K and early M dwarfs. Finally, we present the first effort to quantify the impact of detailed abundance patterns on rotational evolution. We estimate a ~15% bias in age for cool, {alpha}-enhanced (+0.4dex) stars when standard solar-abundance-pattern rotational models are used for age inference, rather than models that appropriately account for {alpha}-enrichment.
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Search Results
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/594/A43
- Title:
- APOGEE/Kepler sample stars abundances
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/594/A43
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The APOGEE survey has obtained high-resolution infrared spectra of more than 100,000 stars. Deriving chemical abundances patterns of these stars is paramount to piecing together the structure of the MilkyWay. While the derived chemical abundances have been shown to be precise for most stars, some calibration problems have been reported, in particular for more metal-poor stars. In this paper, we aim to (1) re-determine the chemical abundances of the APOGEE+Kepler stellar sample (APOKASC) with an independent procedure, line list and line selection, and high-quality surface gravity information from asteroseismology, and (2) extend the abundance catalogue by including abundances that are not currently reported in the most recent APOGEE release (DR12). We fixed the Teff and logg to those determined using spectrophotometric and asteroseismic techniques, respectively. We made use of the Brussels Automatic Stellar Parameter (BACCHUS) code to derive the metallicity and broadening parameters for the APOKASC sample. In addition, we derived differential abundances with respect to Arcturus.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/819/2
- Title:
- APOGEE kinematics. I. Galactic bulge overview
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/819/2
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present the stellar kinematics across the Galactic bulge and into the disk at positive longitudes from the SDSS-III APOGEE spectroscopic survey of the Milky Way. APOGEE includes extensive coverage of the stellar populations of the bulge along the midplane and near-plane regions. From these data, we have produced kinematic maps of 10000 stars across longitudes of 0{deg}<l<65{deg}, and primarily across latitudes of |b|<5{deg} in the bulge region. The APOGEE data reveal that the bulge is cylindrically rotating across all latitudes and is kinematically hottest at the very center of the bulge, with the smallest gradients in both kinematic and chemical space inside the innermost region (|l,b|)<(5{deg},5{deg}). The results from APOGEE show good agreement with data from other surveys at higher latitudes and a remarkable similarity to the rotation and dispersion maps of barred galaxies viewed edge-on. The thin bar that is reported to be present in the inner disk within a narrow latitude range of |b|<2{deg} appears to have a corresponding signature in [Fe/H] and [{alpha}/Fe]. Stars with [Fe/H]>-0.5 have dispersion and rotation profiles that are similar to that of N-body models of boxy/peanut bulges. There is a smooth kinematic transition from the thin bar and boxy bulge (|l,b|)<(15{deg},12{deg}) out to the disk for stars with [Fe/H]>-1.0, and the chemodynamics across (l,b) suggests that the stars in the inner Galaxy with [Fe/H]>-1.0 originate in the disk.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/159/182
- Title:
- APOGEE Net, YSOs parameters through deep learning
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/159/182
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Machine learning allows for efficient extraction of physical properties from stellar spectra that have been obtained by large surveys. The viability of machine-learning approaches has been demonstrated for spectra covering a variety of wavelengths and spectral resolutions, but most often for main-sequence (MS) or evolved stars, where reliable synthetic spectra provide labels and data for training. Spectral models of young stellar objects (YSOs) and low-mass MS stars are less well-matched to their empirical counterparts, however, posing barriers to previous approaches to classify spectra of such stars. In this work, we generate labels for YSOs and low-mass MS stars through their photometry. We then use these labels to train a deep convolutional neural network to predict logg, Teff, and Fe/H for stars with Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE) spectra in the DR14 data set. This "APOGEE Net" has produced reliable predictions of logg for YSOs, with uncertainties of within 0.1dex and a good agreement with the structure indicated by pre-MS evolutionary tracks, and it correlates well with independently derived stellar radii. These values will be useful for studying pre-MS stellar populations to accurately diagnose membership and ages.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/465/501
- Title:
- APOGEE N-rich stars in inner Galaxy
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/465/501
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Formation of globular clusters (GCs), the Galactic bulge, or galaxy bulges in general is an important unsolved problem in Galactic astronomy. Homogeneous infrared observations of large samples of stars belonging to GCs and the Galactic bulge field are one of the best ways to study these problems. We report the discovery by APOGEE (Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment) of a population of field stars in the inner Galaxy with abundances of N, C, and Al that are typically found in GC stars. The newly discovered stars have high [N/Fe], which is correlated with [Al/Fe] and anticorrelated with [C/Fe]. They are homogeneously distributed across, and kinematically indistinguishable from, other field stars within the same volume. Their metallicity distribution is seemingly unimodal, peaking at [Fe/H]~-1, thus being in disagreement with that of the Galactic GC system. Our results can be understood in terms of different scenarios. N-rich stars could be former members of dissolved GCs, in which case the mass in destroyed GCs exceeds that of the surviving GC system by a factor of ~8. In that scenario, the total mass contained in so-called 'first-generation' stars cannot be larger than that in 'second-generation' stars by more than a factor of ~9 and was certainly smaller. Conversely, our results may imply the absence of a mandatory genetic link between 'second-generation' stars and GCs. Last, but not least, N-rich stars could be the oldest stars in the Galaxy, the by-products of chemical enrichment by the first stellar generations formed in the heart of the Galaxy.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/239/32
- Title:
- APOKASC-2 catalog of Kepler evolved stars
- Short Name:
- J/ApJS/239/32
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present a catalog of stellar properties for a large sample of 6676 evolved stars with Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment spectroscopic parameters and Kepler asteroseismic data analyzed using five independent techniques. Our data include evolutionary state, surface gravity, mean density, mass, radius, age, and the spectroscopic and asteroseismic measurements used to derive them. We employ a new empirical approach for combining asteroseismic measurements from different methods, calibrating the inferred stellar parameters, and estimating uncertainties. With high statistical significance, we find that asteroseismic parameters inferred from the different pipelines have systematic offsets that are not removed by accounting for differences in their solar reference values. We include theoretically motivated corrections to the large frequency spacing ({Delta}{nu}) scaling relation, and we calibrate the zero-point of the frequency of the maximum power ({nu}max) relation to be consistent with masses and radii for members of star clusters. For most targets, the parameters returned by different pipelines are in much better agreement than would be expected from the pipeline-predicted random errors, but 22% of them had at least one method not return a result and a much larger measurement dispersion. This supports the usage of multiple analysis techniques for asteroseismic stellar population studies. The measured dispersion in mass estimates for fundamental calibrators is consistent with our error model, which yields median random and systematic mass uncertainties for RGB stars of order 4%. Median random and systematic mass uncertainties are at the 9% and 8% level, respectively, for red clump stars.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/215/19
- Title:
- APOKASC catalog of Kepler red giants
- Short Name:
- J/ApJS/215/19
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present the first APOKASC catalog of spectroscopic and asteroseismic properties of 1916 red giants observed in the Kepler fields. The spectroscopic parameters provided from the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment project are complemented with asteroseismic surface gravities, masses, radii, and mean densities determined by members of the Kepler Asteroseismology Science Consortium. We assess both random and systematic sources of error and include a discussion of sample selection for giants in the Kepler fields. Total uncertainties in the main catalog properties are of the order of 80K in T_eff_, 0.06dex in [M/H], 0.014dex in logg, and 12% and 5% in mass and radius, respectively; these reflect a combination of systematic and random errors. Asteroseismic surface gravities are substantially more precise and accurate than spectroscopic ones, and we find good agreement between their mean values and the calibrated spectroscopic surface gravities. There are, however, systematic underlying trends with T_eff_ and logg. Our effective temperature scale is between 0 and 200K cooler than that expected from the infrared flux method, depending on the adopted extinction map, which provides evidence for a lower value on average than that inferred for the Kepler Input Catalog (KIC). We find a reasonable correspondence between the photometric KIC and spectroscopic APOKASC metallicity scales, with increased dispersion in KIC metallicities as the absolute metal abundance decreases, and offsets in T_eff_ and logg consistent with those derived in the literature. We present mean fitting relations between APOKASC and KIC observables and discuss future prospects, strengths, and limitations of the catalog data.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/715/506
- Title:
- Aromatic inventory of the local volume
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/715/506
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Using infrared photometry from the Spitzer Space Telescope, we perform the first inventory of aromatic feature emission (also commonly referred to as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon emission) for a statistically complete sample of star-forming galaxies in the local volume. The photometric methodology involved is calibrated and demonstrated to recover the aromatic fraction of the Infrared Array Camera 8um flux with a standard deviation of 6% for a training set of 40 SINGS galaxies (ranging from stellar to dust dominated; Kennicutt et al. 2003PASP..115..928K) with both suitable mid-infrared Spitzer Infrared Spectrograph spectra and equivalent photometry. A potential factor of 2 improvement could be realized with suitable 5.5um and 10um photometry, such as what may be provided in the future by the James Webb Space Telescope. The resulting technique is then applied to mid-infrared photometry for the 258 galaxies from the Local Volume Legacy (LVL; Dale et al. 2009, Cat. J/ApJ/703/517) survey, a large sample dominated in number by low-luminosity dwarf galaxies for which obtaining comparable mid-infrared spectroscopy is not feasible. Using oxygen abundances compiled from the literature for 129 of the 258 LVL galaxies, we find a correlation between metallicity and the aromatic-to-total infrared emission ratio but not the aromatic-to-total 8um dust emission ratio. A possible explanation is that metallicity plays a role in the abundance of aromatic molecules relative to the total dust content, but other factors, such as star formation and/or the local radiation field, affect the excitation of those molecules.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AcA/59/137
- Title:
- ASAS Galactic fundamental mode RR Lyrae stars
- Short Name:
- J/AcA/59/137
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We have analyzed 1455 fundamental mode RR Lyr stars of the Galactic field, using the All Sky Automated Survey (ASAS) data. The sample covers 75% of the sky and contains objects in the close neighborhood of the Sun, within 4kpc distance. Unlike in the previous analysis of the close field RRab stars, we see a clear manifestation of the Oosterhoff groups on the period-amplitude diagram. The relation for Oosterhoff I type variables becomes strongly flattened at large V amplitudes, which was not observed for globular cluster RR Lyr.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/158/243
- Title:
- A search for multiplanet systems with TESS
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/158/243
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Transiting exoplanets in multiplanet systems exhibit non-Keplerian orbits as a result of the gravitational influence from companions, which can cause the times and durations of transits to vary. The amplitude and periodicity of the transit time variations are characteristic of the perturbing planet's mass and orbit. The objects of interest from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) are analyzed in a uniform way to search for transit timing variations (TTVs) with sectors 1-3 of data. Due to the volume of targets in the TESS candidate list, artificial intelligence is used to expedite the search for planets by vetting nontransit signals prior to characterizing the light-curve time series. The residuals of fitting a linear orbit ephemeris are used to search for TTVs. The significance of a perturbing planet is assessed by comparing the Bayesian evidence between a linear and nonlinear ephemeris, which is based on an N-body simulation. Nested sampling is used to derive posterior distributions for the N-body ephemeris and in order to expedite convergence, custom priors are designed using machine learning. A dual-input, multi-output convolutional neural network is designed to predict the parameters of a perturbing body given the known parameters and measured perturbation (O-C). There is evidence for three new multiplanet candidates (WASP-18, WASP-126, TOI 193) with nontransiting companions using the two-minute cadence observations from TESS. This approach can be used to identify stars in need of longer radial velocity and photometric follow-up than those already performed.
