- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/156/171
- Title:
- Cepheid abund.: multiphase results & spatial gradients
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/156/171
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Parameters and abundances have been derived for 435 Cepheids based on an analysis of 1127 spectra. Results from five or more phases are available for 52 of the program stars. The latter set of stars span periods between 1.5 and 68 days. The parameters and abundances show excellent consistency across phase. For iron, the average range in the determined abundance is 0.11 from these 52 stars. For 163 stars with more than one phase available the average range is 0.07. The variation in effective temperature tracks well with phase, as does the total broadening velocity. The gravity and microturbulent velocity follow phase, but with less variation and regularity. Abundance gradients have been derived using Gaia DR2 (Cat. I/345) parallax data, as well as Bayesian distance estimates based upon Gaia DR2 from Bailer-Jones et al. (2018, Cat. I/347). The abundance gradient derived for iron is d[Fe/H]/dR=-0.05 dex/kpc, similar to gradients derived in previous studies.
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- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/659/A167
- Title:
- Cepheid Period-Wesenheit-Metallicity relation
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/659/A167
- Date:
- 23 Mar 2022 15:18:20
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Classical Cepheids (DCEPs) represent a fundamental tool to calibrate the extragalactic distance scale. However, they are also powerful stellar population tracers, in the context of Galactic studies. The forthcoming Data Release 3 (DR3) of the Gaia mission will allow us to study with unprecedented detail the structure, the dynamics and the chemical properties of the Galactic disc, and in particular of the spiral arms, where most Galactic DCEPs reside. In this paper we aim at quantifying the metallicity dependence of the Galactic DCEPs Period-Wesenheit (PWZ) relation in the Gaia bands. We adopt a sample of 499 DCEPs with metal abundances from high-resolution spectroscopy, in conjunction with Gaia Early Data Release 3 parallaxes and photometry to calibrate a PWZ relation in the Gaia bands. We find a significant metallicity term, of the order of -0.5mag/dex, which is larger than the values measured in the NIR bands by different authors. Our best PWZ relation is W=(-5.988+/-0.018)-(3.176+/-0.044)(logP-1.0)-(0.520+/-0.090)[Fe/H]. We validate our PWZ relations by using the distance to the Large Magellanic Cloud as a benchmark, finding a very good agreement with the geometric distance provided by eclipsing binaries. As an additional test, we evaluate the metallicity gradient of the young Galactic disc, finding -0.0527+/-0.0022dex/kpc, in very good agreement with previous results.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/434/2238
- Title:
- Cepheids in open clusters
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/434/2238
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Cepheids in open clusters (cluster Cepheids: CCs) are of great importance as zero-point calibrators of the Galactic Cepheid period-luminosity relationship (PLR). We perform an 8-dimensional all-sky census that aims to identify new bona-fide CCs and provide a ranking of membership confidence for known CC candidates according to membership probabilities. The probabilities are computed for combinations of known Galactic open clusters and classical Cepheid candidates, based on spatial, kinematic, and population-specific membership constraints. Data employed in this analysis are taken largely from published literature and supplemented by a year-round observing program on both hemispheres dedicated to determining systemic radial velocities of Cepheids. In total, we find 23 bona-fide CCs, 5 of which are candidates identified for the first time, including an overtone-Cepheid member in NGC 129. We discuss a subset of CC candidates in detail, some of which have been previously mentioned in the literature. Our results indicate unlikely membership for 7 Cepheids that have been previously discussed in terms of cluster membership. We furthermore revisit the Galactic PLR using our bona fide CC sample and obtain a result consistent with the recent calibration by Turner (2010). However, our calibration remains limited mainly by cluster uncertainties and the small number of long-period calibrators. In the near future, Gaia will enable our study to be carried out in much greater detail and accuracy, thanks to data homogeneity and greater levels of completeness.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/130/1880
- Title:
- Cepheids with periods between 3 and 6 days
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/130/1880
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present the results of a detailed multiphase spectroscopic analysis of six classical Cepheids with pulsation periods between 3 and 6 days. For each star we have derived phased values of effective temperature, surface gravity, microturbulent velocity, and elemental abundances. We show that the elemental abundance results for these Cepheids are consistent for all pulsational phases.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/618/A122
- Title:
- Cetus dSph stellar chemo-kinematics
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/618/A122
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Cetus is an isolated, dwarf spheroidal (dSph) galaxy at a distance of 755kpc. In order to quantify its stellar chemo-kinematical properties, we observed individual red giants branch stars in Cetus with the Very Large Telescope (VLT) FORS2 instrument, in Mask eXchange Unit (MXU) configuration. The kinematic analysis shows that Cetus is a mainly pressure-supported ({sigma}_v_=11.0^+1.6^_-1.3_km/s), dark-matter-dominated system (M_1/2_/L_V_=23.9^+9.7^_-8.9_M_{sun}_/L_{sun}_) with no significant signs of internal rotation. We find Cetus to be a metal-poor system with a significant metallicity spread (median [Fe/H]=-1.71dex, median-absolute-deviation =0.49dex), as expected for its stellar mass. We report the presence of a mild metallicity gradient compatible with those found in other dSphs of the same luminosity; we trace the presence of a stellar population gradient also in the spatial distribution of stars in different evolutionary phases in ancillary photometric data. There are tentative indications of two chemo-kinematically distinct sub-populations, with the more metal-poor stars showing a hotter kinematics than the metal-richer ones. Our results add Cetus to the growing scatter in stellar-dark matter halo properties in low-mass galactic systems. The presence of a metallicity gradient akin to those found in similar systems inhabiting different environments may hint at metallicity gradients in Local Group early-type dwarfs being driven by internal mechanisms.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/893/96
- Title:
- CHAOS IV: NGC3184 LBT obs. & 3 other gal. abundances
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/893/96
- Date:
- 07 Mar 2022 07:28:28
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The chemical abundances of spiral galaxies, as probed by HII regions across their disks, are key to understanding the evolution of galaxies over a wide range of environments. We present Large Binocular Telescope/Multi-Object Double Spectrographs spectra of 52 HII regions in NGC 3184 as part of the CHemical Abundances Of Spirals (CHAOS) project. We explore the direct-method gas-phase abundance trends for the first four CHAOS galaxies, using temperature measurements from one or more auroral-line detections in 190 individual HII regions. We find that the dispersion in T_e_-T_e_ relationships is dependent on ionization, as characterized by F_{lambda}5007_/F_{lambda}3727_, and so we recommend ionization-based temperature priorities for abundance calculations. We confirm our previous results that [NII] and [SIII] provide the most robust measures of electron temperature in low-ionization zones, while [OIII] provides reliable electron temperatures in high-ionization nebula. We measure relative and absolute abundances for O, N, S, Ar, and Ne. The four CHAOS galaxies marginally conform with a universal O/H gradient, as found by empirical integral field unit studies when plotted relative to effective radius. However, after adjusting for vertical offsets, we find a tight universal N/O gradient of {alpha}_N/O_=-0.33dex/R_e_ with {sigma}_tot._=0.08 for R_g_/R_e_<2.0, where N is dominated by secondary production. Despite this tight universal N/O gradient, the scatter in the N/O-O/H relationship is significant. Interestingly, the scatter is similar when N/O is plotted relative to O/H or S/H. The observable ionic states of S probe lower ionization and excitation energies than O, which might be more appropriate for characterizing abundances in metal-rich HII regions.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/599/A96
- Title:
- [C/H] Chemical abundances of 1110 stars
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/599/A96
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Carbon, oxygen and nitrogen (CNO) are key elements in stellar formation and evolution, and their abundances should also have a significant impact on planetary formation and evolution. We aim to present a detailed spectroscopic analysis of 1110 solar-type stars, 143 of which are known to have planetary companions. We have determined the carbon abundances of these stars and investigate a possible connection between C and the presence of planetary companions. We used the HARPS spectrograph to obtain high-resolution optical spectra of our targets. Spectral synthesis of the CH band at 4300{AA} was performed with the spectral synthesis codes MOOG and FITTING. We have studied carbon in several reliable spectral windows and have obtained abundances and distributions that show that planet host stars are carbon rich when compared to single stars, a signature caused by the known metal-rich nature of stars with planets. We find no different behaviour when separating the stars by the mass of the planetary companion. We conclude that reliable carbon abundances can be derived for solar-type stars from the CH band at 4300{AA}. We confirm two different slope trends for [C/Fe] with [Fe/H] because the behaviour is opposite for stars above and below solar values. We observe a flat distribution of the [C/Fe] ratio for all planetary masses, a finding that apparently excludes any clear connection between the [C/Fe] abundance ratio and planetary mass.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/635/A104
- Title:
- Chemical abundance analysis of HD 20
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/635/A104
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Metal-poor stars with available detailed information about their chemical inventory pose powerful empirical benchmarks for nuclear astrophysics. Here we present our spectroscopic chemical abundance investigation of the metal-poor ([Fe/H]=-1.60dex), r-process-enriched ([Eu/Fe]=0.73dex) halo star HD 20 using novel and archival high-resolution data at outstanding signal-to-noise ratios (up to 1000 per Angstroem). By combining one of the first asteroseismic gravity measurements in the metal-poor regime from a TESS light curve with the spectroscopic analysis of iron lines under non-local thermodynamic equilibrium conditions, we derive a set of highly accurate and precise stellar parameters. These allow us to delineate a reliable chemical pattern that is comprised of solid detections of 48 elements, including 28 neutron-capture elements. Hence, we establish HD 20 among the few benchmark stars that have almost complete patterns and possess low systematic dependencies on the stellar parameters. Our light-element (Z<30) abundances are representative of other, similarly metal-poor stars in the Galactic halo with contributions from core-collapse supernovae of type II. In the realm of the neutron-capture elements, our comparison to the scaled solar r-pattern shows that the lighter neutron-capture elements (Z<60) are poorly matched. In particular, we find imprints of the weak r-process acting at low metallicities. Nonetheless, by comparing our detailed abundances to the observed metal-poor star BD +17 3248, we find a persistent residual pattern involving mainly the elements Sr, Y, Zr, Ba, and La. These are indicative of enrichment contributions from the s-process and we show that mixing with material from predicted yields of massive, rotating AGB stars at low metallicity considerably improves the fit. Based on a solar ratio of heavy- to light-s elements -- at odds with model predictions for the i-process -- and a missing clear residual pattern with respect to other stars with claimed contributions from this process, we refute (strong) contributions from such astrophysical sites providing intermediate neutron densities. Finally, nuclear cosmochronology is used to tie our detection of the radioactive element Th to an age estimate for HD 20 of 11.0+/-3.8Gyr.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/802/93
- Title:
- Chemical abundance analysis of 5 stars in Sculptor
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/802/93
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present a homogeneous chemical abundance analysis of five of the most metal-poor stars in the Sculptor dwarf spheroidal galaxy. We analyze new and archival high resolution spectroscopy from Magellan/MIKE and VLT/UVES and determine stellar parameters and abundances in a consistent way for each star. Two of the stars in our sample, at [Fe/H]=-3.5 and [Fe/H]=-3.8, are new discoveries from our Ca K survey of Sculptor, while the other three were known in the literature. We confirm that Scl 07-50 is the lowest metallicity star identified in an external galaxy, at [Fe/H]=-4.1. The two most metal-poor stars both have very unusual abundance patterns, with striking deficiencies of the {alpha} elements, while the other three stars resemble typical extremely metal-poor Milky Way halo stars. We show that the star-to-star scatter for several elements in Sculptor is larger than that for halo stars in the same metallicity range. This scatter and the uncommon abundance patterns of the lowest metallicity stars indicate that the oldest surviving Sculptor stars were enriched by a small number of earlier supernovae, perhaps weighted toward high-mass progenitors from the first generation of stars the galaxy formed.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/142/59
- Title:
- Chemical abundance in 10 open clusters
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/142/59
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present a detailed chemical abundance study of evolved stars in 10 open clusters based on Hydra multi-object echelle spectra obtained with the WIYN 3.5m telescope. From an analysis of both equivalent widths and spectrum synthesis, abundances have been determined for the elements Fe, Na, O, Mg, Si, Ca, Ti, Ni, Zr, and for two of the 10 clusters, Al and Cr. To our knowledge, this is the first detailed abundance analysis for clusters NGC 1245, NGC 2194, NGC 2355, and NGC 2425.