- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/486/437
- Title:
- CN and CH line strengths in 8 Galactic GlCl
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/486/437
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Our work focuses on the understanding of the origin of CNO-anomalies, which have been detected in several Galactic globular clusters. The novelty and advantage of this study is that it is based on a homogeneous data set of hundreds of medium-resolution spectra of stars in eight Galactic globular clusters (M 15, M 22, M 55, NGC 288, NGC 362, NGC 5286, Palomar 12, and Terzan 7). Two of the clusters (Palomar 12 and Terzan 7) are believed to be former members of the Sagittarius dwarf spheroidal (Sgr dSph) galaxy. The large homogeneous data set allows for a detailed differential study of the line strengths in the stellar spectra of the observed clusters. Our sample comprises stars in different evolutionary states, namely the main-sequence turn-off (MSTO) region, the subgiant branch (SGB) and the base of the red giant branch (RGB). We compare the relative CN and CH line strengths of stars in the same evolutionary states (with similar logg and T_eff_).
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- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/319/235
- Title:
- CN in circumstellar envelopes survey
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/319/235
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We list in Table 1 the observed stars together with some of their characteristics. Distances, expansion velocities, mass loss rates, and spectral types are taken from the compilations of Bujarrabal et al. (1994) <J/A+A/285/247> and Loup et al. (1993A&AS...99..291). The sample includes C-rich and O-rich objects, some S-stars, a few proto-PN, and a young PN (NGC7027). See paper for more details. In Table 2, we give some of the observational parameters. A_low_ and A_high_ refer to the integrated intensity of the low-frequency and high-frequency fine-structure groups. The intrinsic intensity ratios, R=A_high_/A_low_, are R(1-0)=2 and R(2-1)=1.8. In principle, the observation of several components with different intrinsic strengths allows an estimate of the line optical depth, and the value of R gives an estimate of the envelope thickness.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/353/528
- Title:
- CNO abundances in carbon stars
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/353/528
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The lines of ^12^CO, ^12^C^12^C, and ^12^CN used in the analysis are listed in the table. The stars analyzed here are TX Psc, V Aql, and BL Ori, and the lines selected for the analysis are listed for each star. The data given in the table are the wavenumber, gf-value, and the lower excitation potential of each selected line, together with the observed equivalent width.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/PASJ/57/65
- Title:
- CNO abundances of solar-type stars
- Short Name:
- J/PASJ/57/65
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We determined the C, N, and O abundances of 160 nearby F, G, and K dwarfs and subgiants by using spectra obtained with the HIDES spectrograph at Okayama Astrophysical Observatory, with the purposes of (1) establishing the runs of [C/Fe], [N/Fe], and [O/Fe] for these galactic disk stars in the metallicity range of -1<~[Fe/H]~<+0.4, (2) searching for any difference in the CNO abundances of planet-host stars as compared to non-planet-host stars, and (3) examining the consistency of the abundances derived from different lines to check the validity of the analysis. The non-LTE effect on the abundance determination was taken into consideration based on our extensive statistical-equilibrium calculations.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/831/20
- Title:
- C/O and Mg/Si for solar neighborhood's stars
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/831/20
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The carbon-to-oxygen ratio in a protoplanetary disk can have a dramatic influence on the compositions of any terrestrial planets formed. In regions of high C/O, planets form primarily from carbonates, and in regions of low C/O, the ratio of magnesium to silicon determines the types of silicates that dominate the compositions. We present C/O and Mg/Si ratios for 852 F, G, and K dwarfs in the solar neighborhood. We find that the frequency of carbon-rich dwarfs in the solar neighborhood is <0.13% and that 156 known planet hosts in the sample follow a similar distribution as all of the stars as a whole. The cosmic distribution of Mg/Si for these same stars is broader than the C/O distribution and peaks near 1.0, with ~60% of systems having 1<=Mg/Si<2, leading to rocky planet compositions similar to the Earth. This leaves 40% of systems that can have planets that are silicate-rich and that may have very different compositions than our own.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/489/1271
- Title:
- CO and OH abundances of 23 K-M giants
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/489/1271
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Based on the high resolution infrared spectra observed with the Fourier Transform Spectrometer (FTS) at the 4m telescope of the Kitt Peak National Observatory (KPNO), ro-vibrational lines of ^12^C^16^O, ^13^C^16^O, ^12^C^17^O, and ^16^OH were measured. Some details of the observed spectra including the resolution, S/N ratio, and data of observation are given in table2. The spectroscopic and equivalent width data are given in table3 for 23 red giant stars. The resulting data are used to investigate the nature of the infrared spectra of K-M giant stars. It is found that only the weak lines (log(W/nu)<-4.75) carry the information on the photosphere and hence can be used to extract the nature of the photosphere such as the stellar abundances. The intermediate-strength (-4.75<log(W/nu)<-4.40) as well as the strong (log(W/nu)>-4.4) lines are badly disturbed by the lines of non-photospheric origin. In other words, most lines dominating the infrared spectra, except for the weak lines, are actually hybrid of at least two different kinds of lines originating in the photosphere and in an extra molecular layers outside of photosphere. The nature of the extra layers is not known well, but it may be related to the molecular envelope producing H_2_O lines, not only in late M but also in early M giants as well. Also, the intermediate-strength lines include those with LEP as high as 2eV and hence the extra molecular layer should be quite warm. For the reason outlined above, we determine C, O, and their isotopic abundances using only the weak lines, but we listed the measured data not only of the weak lines but also of the stronger lines as well in table3, with the hope that these data can be of some use to clarify the nature of the warm extra molecular layers.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/720/259
- Title:
- CO column densities in dark clouds
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/720/259
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Data from the Five College Radio Astronomy Observatory CO Mapping Survey of the Taurus molecular cloud are combined with extinction data for a sample of 292 background field stars to investigate the uptake of CO from the gas to icy grain mantles on dust within the cloud. On the assumption that the reservoir of CO in the ices is represented well by the combined abundances of solid CO and solid CO_2_ (which forms by oxidation of CO on the dust), we find that the total column density (gas+solid) correlates tightly with visual extinction (A_V_) over the range 5mag<A_V_<30mag, i.e., up to the highest extinctions covered by our sample. The mean depletion of gas-phase CO, expressed as {delta}(CO)=N(CO)_ice_/N(CO)_total_, increases monotonically from negligible levels for A_V_<~5 to ~0.3 at A_V_=10 and ~0.6 at A_V_=30. As these results refer to line-of-sight averages, they must be considered lower limits to the actual depletion at loci deep within the cloud, which may approach unity. We show that it is plausible for such high levels of depletion to be reached in dense cores on timescales ~0.6Myr, comparable with their expected lifetimes. Dispersal of cores during star formation may be effective in maintaining observable levels of gaseous CO on the longer timescales estimated for the age of the cloud.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/635/A131
- Title:
- 12CO/13CO ratio in 126 nearby galaxy centers
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/635/A131
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present ground-based measurements of 126 nearby galaxy centers in ^12^CO and 92 in ^13^CO in various low-J transitions. More than 60 galaxies were measured in at least four lines. The average relative intensities of the first four J ^12^CO transitions are 1.00:0.92:0.70:0.57. In the first three J transitions, the average ^12^CO-to-^13^CO intensity ratios are 13.0, 11.6, and 12.8, with individual values in any transition ranging from 5 to 25. The sizes of central CO concentrations are well defined in maps, but poorly determined by multi-aperture photometry. On average, the J=1-0 ^12^CO fluxes increase linearly with the size of the observing beam. CO emission covers only a quarter of the HI galaxy disks. Using radiative transfer models (RADEX), we derived model gas parameters. The assumed carbon elemental abundances and carbon gas depletion onto dust are the main causes of uncertainty. The new CO data and published [CI] and [CII] data imply that CO, C, and C^+^ each represent about one-third of the gas-phase carbon in the molecular interstellar medium. The mean beam-averaged molecular hydrogen column density is N(H_2_)=(1.5+/-0.2)10^21^cm^-2^. Galaxy center CO-to- H2 conversion factors are typically ten times lower than the 'standard' Milky Way X disk value, with a mean X(CO)=(1.9+/-0.2)10^19^cm^-2^/(K.km/s) and a dispersion 1.7. The corresponding [CI]-H_2_ factor is five times higher than X(CO), with X[CI]=(9+/-2)10^19^cm^-2^/(K.km/s). No unique conversion factor can be determined for [CII]. The low molecular gas content of galaxy centers relative to their CO intensities is explained in roughly equal parts by high central gas-phase carbon abundances, elevated gas temperatures, and large gas velocity dispersions relative to the corresponding values in galaxy disks.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/612/A117
- Title:
- CO isotopes towards Galactic YSOs and HII regions
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/612/A117
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Aims. Determining molecular abundance ratios is important not only for the study of Galactic chemistry, but also because they are useful to estimate physical parameters in a large variety of interstellar medium environments. One of the most important molecules for tracing the molecular gas in the interstellar medium is CO, and the ^13^CO/C^18^O abundance ratio is usually used to estimate molecular masses and densities of regions with moderate to high densities. Nowadays isotope ratios are in general indirectly derived from elemental abundances ratios. We present the first ^13^CO/C^18^O abundance ratio study performed from CO isotope observations towards a large sample of Galactic sources of different natures at different locations. Methods. To study the ^13^CO/C^18^O abundance ratio, we used ^12^CO J=3-2 data obtained from the CO High-Resolution Survey, ^13^CO and C^18^O J=3-2 data from the ^13^CO/C^18^O (J=3-2) Heterodyne Inner Milky Way Plane Survey, and some complementary data extracted from the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope database. We analyzed a sample of 198 sources composed of young stellar objects (YSOs), and HII and diffuse HII regions as catalogued in the Red MSX Source Survey in 27.5{deg}<=l<=46.5{deg} and |b|<0.5{deg}. Results. Most of the analyzed sources are located in the galactocentric distance range 4.0-6.5kpc. We found that YSOs have, on average, lower ^13^CO/C^18^O abundance ratios than HII and diffuse HII regions. Taking into account that the gas associated with YSOs should be less affected by the radiation than in the case of the others sources, selective far-UV photodissociation of C^18^O is confirmed. The ^13^CO/C^18^O abundance ratios obtained in this work are systematically lower than those predicted from the known elemental abundance relations. These results will be useful in future studies of molecular gas related to YSOs and HII regions based on the observation of these isotopes.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/697/207
- Title:
- Cold stellar stream orbit fit
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/697/207
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We use velocity and metallicity information from Sloan Digital Sky Survey and Sloan Extension for Galactic Understanding and Exploration stellar spectroscopy to fit an orbit to the narrow 63{deg} stellar stream of Grillmair and Dionatos (GD; 2006ApJ...643L..17G). The stars in the stream have a retrograde orbit with eccentricity e=0.33 (perigalacticon of 14.4kpc and apogalacticon of 28.7kpc) and inclination approximately i~35{deg}. In the region of the orbit which is detected, it has a distance of about 7-11kpc from the Sun. Assuming a standard disk plus bulge and logarithmic halo potential for the Milky Way stars plus dark matter, the stream stars are moving with a large space velocity of approximately 276km/s at perigalacticon. Using this stream alone, we are unable to determine if the dark matter halo is oblate or prolate. The metallicity of the stream is [Fe/H]=-2.1+/-0.1. Observed proper motions for individual stream members above the main sequence turnoff are consistent with the derived orbit. None of the known globular clusters in the Milky Way have positions, radial velocities, and metallicities that are consistent with being the progenitor of the GD-1 stream.