- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/657/A68
- Title:
- HD 137496 system discovery
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/657/A68
- Date:
- 22 Feb 2022
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Most of the currently known planets are small worlds with radii between that of the Earth and Neptune. The characterization of planets in this regime shows a large diversity in compositions and system architectures, with distributions hinting at a multitude of formation and evolution scenarios. However, many planetary populations, such as high-density planets, are significantly under-sampled limiting our understanding on planet formation and evolution. NCORES is a large observing program conducted on the HARPS high-resolution spectrograph which aims to confirm the planetary status and to measure the masses of small transiting planetary candidates detected by transit photometry surveys in order to constrain their internal composition.Methods.Using photometry from the K2 satellite and radial velocities measured with the HARPS and CORALIE spectrographs, we search for planets around the bright (Vmag=10) and slightly evolved Sun-like star HD 137496. We precisely estimate the stellar parameters, M*=1.035+/-0.022M_{sun}_, R*= 1.587+/-0.028R_{sun}_, Teff=5799+/-61K,together with the chemical composition (e.g. [Fe/H]=-0.027+/-0.040dex) of the slightly evolved star. We detect two planets orbiting HD 137496. The inner planet, HD 137496 b, is a super-Mercury (an Earth-sized planet with the density of Mercury) with a mass of Mb=4.04+/-0.55M_{sun}_), a radius of Rb=1.31^+0.06^_-0.05_R_{sun}_ and a density of {rho}b=10.49^+2.08^_-1.82_g/cm^3^. From interior modeling analysis we find that the planet is composed mainly of iron, with the core representing over 70% of the planet's mass (Mcore/Mtotal=0.73^+0.11^_-0.12_). The outer planet, HD 137496 c, is an eccentric (e=0.477+/-0.004), long period (P=479.9^+1.0^_-1.1_days) giant planet (Mc*sinic=7.66+/-0.11M_{Jup}_) for which we do not detect a transit. HD 137496 b is one of the few super-Mercuries detected to date. The accurate characterization reported here enhances its role as a key target to better understand the formation and evolution of planetary systems. The detection of an eccentric long period giant companion also reinforces the link between the presence of small transiting inner planets and long period gas giants.
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Search Results
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/569/A43
- Title:
- HE 2252-4225 abundance analysis
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/569/A43
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Studies of the r-process enhanced stars are important for better understanding the nature and origin of the r-process. We present a detailed abundance analysis of a very metal-poor giant star discovered in the HERES project, HE 2252-4225, which exhibits overabundances of the r-process elements, with [r/Fe]=+0.80. We determined the stellar atmosphere parameters, Teff=4710K, logg=1.65, and [Fe/H]=-2.63, and chemical abundances by analysing the high-quality VLT/UVES spectra. The surface gravity was calculated from the non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (NLTE) ionisation balance between FeI and FeII. Accurate abundances for a total of 38 elements, including 22 neutron-capture elements beyond Sr and up to Th, were determined in HE 2252-4225. For every chemical species, the dispersion in the single line measurements around the mean does not exceed 0.12dex. This object is deficient in carbon, as expected for a giant star with Teff<4800K. The stellar Na-Zn abundances are well fitted by the yields of a single supernova of 14.4M_{sun}_. For the neutron-capture elements in the Sr-Ru, Ba-Yb, and Os-Ir regions, the abundance pattern of HE 2252-4225 is in excellent agreement with the average abundance pattern of the strongly r-process enhanced stars CS 22892-052, CS 31082-001, HE 1219-0312, and HE 1523-091. This suggests a common origin of the first, second, and third r-process peak elements in HE 2252-4225 in the classical r-process. We tested the solar r-process pattern based on the most recent s-process calculations of Bisterzo, Travaglio, Gallino, Wiescher, and Kappeler and found that elements in the range from Ba to Ir match it very well. No firm conclusion can be drawn about the relationship between the first neutron-capture peak elements, Sr to Ru, in HE 2252-4225 and the solar r-process, due to the uncertainty in the solar r-process. The investigated star has an anomalously high Th/Eu abundance ratio, so that radioactive dating results in a stellar age of {tau}=1.5+/-1.5Gyr that is not expected for a very metal-poor halo star.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/516/A46
- Title:
- HE 2327-5642 abundance analysis
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/516/A46
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present a detailed abundance analysis of a strongly r-process enhanced giant star discovered in the HERES project, HE 2327-5642, for which [Fe/H]=-2.78, [r/Fe]=+0.99 [r = elements from r-process]. We determined the stellar parameters and element abundances by analyzing the high-quality VLT/UVES spectra. The surface gravity was calculated from the non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (NLTE) ionization balance between FeI, and FeII, and CaI and CaII.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/786/14
- Title:
- He abundances in M30 and NGC 6397
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/786/14
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present the helium abundance of the two metal-poor clusters M30 and NGC 6397. Helium estimates have been obtained by using the high-resolution spectrograph FLAMES at the European Southern Observatory Very Large Telescope and by measuring the He I line at 4471 {AA} in 24 and 35 horizontal branch (HB) stars in M30 and NGC 6397, respectively. This sample represents the largest data set of He abundances collected so far in metal-poor clusters. The He mass fraction turns out to be Y=0.252+/-0.003 ({sigma}=0.021) for M30 and Y=0.241+/-0.004 ({sigma}=0.023) for NGC 6397. These values are fully compatible with the cosmological abundance, thus suggesting that the HB stars are not strongly enriched in He. The small spread of the Y distributions are compatible with those expected from the observed main sequence splitting. Finally, we find a hint of a weak anticorrelation between Y and [O/Fe] in NGC 6397 in agreement with the prediction that O-poor stars are formed by (He-enriched) gas polluted by the products of hot proton-capture reactions.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/689/1031
- Title:
- Heavy element abundances in giant stars
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/689/1031
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present a comprehensive abundance analysis of 27 heavy elements in bright giant stars of the globular clusters M4 and M5 based on high-resolution, high signal-to-noise ratio spectra obtained with the Magellan Clay Telescope. We confirm and expand on previous results for these clusters by showing that (1) all elements heavier than, and including, Si have constant abundances within each cluster, (2) the elements from Ca to Ni have indistinguishable compositions in M4 and M5, (3) Si, Cu, Zn, and all s-process elements are approximately 0.3dex overabundant in M4 relative to M5, and (4) the r-process elements Sm, Eu, Gd, and Th are slightly overabundant in M5 relative to M4. The cluster-to-cluster abundance differences for Cu and Zn are intriguing, especially in light of their uncertain nucleosynthetic origins. We confirm that stars other than Type Ia supernovae must produce significant amounts of Cu and Zn at or below the clusters' metallicities. If intermediate-mass AGB stars or massive stars are responsible for the Cu and Zn enhancements in M4, the similar [Rb/Zr] ratios and (preliminary) Mg isotope ratios in both clusters may be problematic for either scenario. For the elements from Ba to Hf, we assume that the s- and r-process contributions are scaled versions of the solar s- and r-process abundances. We quantify the relative fractions of s- and r-process material for each cluster and show that they provide an excellent fit to the observed abundances.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/142/22
- Title:
- Heavy-element dispersion in M92
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/142/22
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Dispersion among the light elements is common in globular clusters (GCs), while dispersion among heavier elements is less common. We present detection of r-process dispersion relative to Fe in 19 red giants of the metal-poor GC M92. Using spectra obtained with the Hydra multi-object spectrograph on the WIYN Telescope at Kitt Peak National Observatory, we derive differential abundances for 21 species of 19 elements.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/724/975
- Title:
- Heavy elements abundances of metal-poor stars
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/724/975
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- To better characterize the abundance patterns produced by the r-process, we have derived new abundances or upper limits for the heavy elements zinc (Zn, Z=30), yttrium (Y, Z=39), lanthanum (La, Z=57), europium (Eu, Z=63), and lead (Pb, Z=82). Our sample of 161 metal-poor stars includes new measurements from 88 high-resolution and high signal-to-noise spectra obtained with the Tull Spectrograph on the 2.7m Smith Telescope at the McDonald Observatory, and other abundances are adopted from the literature. We use models of the s-process in asymptotic giant branch stars to characterize the high Pb/Eu ratios produced in the s-process at low metallicity, and our new observations then allow us to identify a sample of stars with no detectable s-process material.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/648/A108
- Title:
- Heavy-elements heritage of the falling sky
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/648/A108
- Date:
- 22 Feb 2022
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- A fundamental element of galaxy formation is the accretion of mass through mergers of satellites or gas. Recent dynamical analyses based on Gaia data have revealed major accretion events in the history of the Milky Way. Nevertheless, our understanding of the primordial Galaxy is hindered because the bona fide identification of the most metal-poor and correspondingly oldest accreted stars remains challenging. Galactic archaeology needs a new accretion diagnostic to understand primordial stellar populations. Contrary to {alpha}-elements, neutron-capture elements present unexplained large abundance spreads for low-metallicity stars, which could result from a mixture of formation sites. We analysed the abundances of yttrium, europium, magnesium, and iron in MilkyWay satellite galaxies, field halo stars, and globular clusters. The chemical information was complemented by orbital parameters based on Gaia data. In particular, we considered the average inclination of the orbits. The [Y/Eu] abundance behaviour with respect to the [Mg/Fe] turnovers for satellite galaxies of various masses reveals that higher-luminosity systems, for which the [Mg/Fe] abundance declines at higher metallicities, present enhanced [Y/Eu] abundances, particularly in the [Fe/H] regime between -2.25dex and -1.25dex. In addition, the analysis has uncovered a chemo-dynamical correlation for both globular clusters and field stars of the Galactic halo, accounting for about half of the [Y/Eu] abundance spread. In particular, [Y/Eu] under-abundances typical of protracted chemical evolutions are preferentially observed in polar-like orbits, pointing to a possible anisotropy in the accretion processes. Our results strongly suggest that the observed [Y/Eu] abundance spread in the Milky Way halo could result from a mixture of systems with different masses. They also highlight that both nature and nurture are relevant to the formation of the Milky Way since its primordial epochs, thereby opening new pathways for chemical diagnostics of the build-up of our Galaxy.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/570/A22
- Title:
- Heavy elements in old very metal-rich stars
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/570/A22
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We studied a sample of high proper motion, old and metal-rich dwarf stars, selected from the NLTT catalogue. The low pericentric distances and eccentric orbits of these solar neighbourhood stars indicate that they might have originated in the inner parts of the Galaxy. Chemical tagging can probe the formation history of stellar populations. To identify the origin of a sample of 71 very metal-rich dwarf stars, we derive the abundances of the neutron-capture elements Y, Ba, La, and Eu. The abundances of Y, La, Ba, and Eu vs. Fe, O, and Mg as reference elements, as well as their kinematics, suggest that our sample of old metal-rich dwarf stars is clearly distinct from the thin disk. They could be old inner thin-disk stars, as suggested previously, or bulge stars. In either cases they would have migrated from the inner parts of the Galaxy to the solar neighbourhood.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/PAZh/35/574
- Title:
- He, C, N and O abundances in planetary nebulae
- Short Name:
- J/PAZh/35/574
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The He, C, N, and O abundances in more than 120 planetary nebulae (PNe) of our Galaxy and the Magellanic Clouds have been redetermined by analyzing new PNe observations. The characteristics of PNe obtained by modeling their spectra have been used to compile a new catalog of parameters for Galactic and extragalactic PNe, which is accessible at http://www.astro.spbu.ru/staff/afk/GalChemEvol.html. The errors in the parameters of PNe and their elemental abundances related to inaccuracies in the observational data have been analyzed. The He abundance is determined with an accuracy of 0.06dex, while the errors in the C, N, and O abundances are 0.1-0.2dex. Taking into account the inaccuracies in the corrections for the ionization stages of the elements whose lines are absent in the PNe spectra increases the errors in the He abundance to 0.1dex and in the C, N, and O abundances to 0.2-0.3dex. The elemental abundances in PNe of various Galactic subsystems and the Magellanic Clouds have been analyzed. This analysis suggests that the Galactic bulge objects are similar to type II PNe in Peimbert's classification, whose progenitor stars belong to the thin-disk population with ages of at least 4-6Gyr. A similarity between the elemental abundances in PNe of the Magellanic Clouds and the Galactic halo has been established.