- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/788/39
- Title:
- Hot Jupiter exoplanets host stars EW and abundances
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/788/39
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The relative abundances of carbon and oxygen have long been recognized as fundamental diagnostics of stellar chemical evolution. Now, the growing number of exoplanet observations enable estimation of these elements in exoplanetary atmospheres. In hot Jupiters, the C/O ratio affects the partitioning of carbon in the major observable molecules, making these elements diagnostic of temperature structure and composition. Here we present measurements of carbon and oxygen abundances in 16 stars that host transiting hot Jupiter exoplanets, and we compare our C/O ratios to those measured in larger samples of host stars, as well as those estimated for the corresponding exoplanet atmospheres. With standard stellar abundance analysis we derive stellar parameters as well as [C/H] and [O/H] from multiple abundance indicators, including synthesis fitting of the [O I] {lambda}6300 line and non-LTE corrections for the O I triplet. Our results, in agreement with recent suggestions, indicate that previously measured exoplanet host star C/O ratios may have been overestimated. The mean transiting exoplanet host star C/O ratio from this sample is 0.54 (C/O_{sun}_=0.54), versus previously measured C/O_host star_ means of ~0.65-0.75. We also observe the increase in C/O with [Fe/H] expected for all stars based on Galactic chemical evolution; a linear fit to our results falls slightly below that of other exoplanet host star studies but has a similar slope. Though the C/O ratios of even the most-observed exoplanets are still uncertain, the more precise abundance analysis possible right now for their host stars can help constrain these planets' formation environments and current compositions.
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Search Results
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/868/70
- Title:
- Hot subdwarf stars from Gaia DR2 and LAMOST DR5
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/868/70
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We selected 4593 hot subdwarf candidates from the Gaia DR2 Hertzsprung-Russell (HR) diagram. By combining the sample with Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fibre Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST) DR5, we identified 294 hot subdwarf stars, including 169 sdB, 63 sdOB, 31 He-sdOB, 22 sdO, 7 He-sdO, and 2 He-sdB stars. The atmospheric parameters (e.g., Teff, logg, log(nHe/nH)) are obtained by fitting the hydrogen (H) and helium (He) line profiles with synthetic spectra. Two distinct He sequences of hot subdwarf stars are clearly presented in the Teff-logg diagram. We found that the He-rich sequence consists of the bulk of sdB and sdOB stars, as well as all of the He-sdB, He-sdO, and He-sdOB stars in our samples, while all the stars in the He-weak sequence belong to the sdO spectral type, combined with a few sdB and sdOB stars. We demonstrated that the combination of Gaia DR2 and LAMOST DR5 allows one to uncover a huge number of new hot subdwarf stars in our Galaxy.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/889/117
- Title:
- Hot subdwarf stars from Gaia DR2 & LAMOST DR6+7. I.
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/889/117
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- 182 single-lined hot subdwarf stars are identified by using spectra from the sixth and seventh data releases (DR6 and DR7) of the Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fibre Spectroscopic Telescope survey. We classified all the hot subdwarf stars using a canonical classification scheme, and got 89 sdB, 37 sdOB, 26 sdO, 24 He-sdOB, 3 He-sdO, and 3 He-sdB stars, respectively. Among these stars, 108 hot subdwarfs are newly discovered, while 74 stars were reported by previous catalogs. The atmospheric parameters of these stars were obtained by fitting the hydrogen (H) and helium (He) lines with non-local thermodynamic equilibrium model atmospheres. The atmospheric parameters confirm the two He sequences and the two subgroups of He-sdOB stars in our samples, which were found by previous studies in the T_eff_-log(nHe/nH) diagram. Our results demonstrate different origins of field hot subdwarf stars and extreme horizontal branch stars in globular clusters, and provide strict observational limits on the formation and evolution models of the different sub-types of these evolved objects. Based on the results, we evaluated the completeness of the Geier+ (2017, J/A+A/600/A50) catalog. We found the fraction of hot subwarf stars is between 10% and 60%, depending on the brightness of the sample. A more accurate estimation for the hot subdwarf fraction can be obtained when similar results from composite spectra will become available.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/871/63
- Title:
- How to constrain your M dwarf. II. Nearby binaries
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/871/63
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The mass-luminosity relation for late-type stars has long been a critical tool for estimating stellar masses. However, there is growing need for both a higher-precision relation and a better understanding of systematic effects (e.g., metallicity). Here we present an empirical relationship between M_Ks_ and M_*_ spanning 0.075M_{sun}_<M_*_<0.70M_{sun}_. The relation is derived from 62 nearby binaries, whose orbits we determine using a combination of near infra-red (Keck/NIRC2) imaging, archival adaptive optics data, and literature astrometry. From their orbital parameters, we determine the total mass of each system, with a precision better than 1% in the best cases. We use these total masses, in combination with resolved Ks magnitudes and system parallaxes, to calibrate the M_Ks_-M_*_ relation. The resulting posteriors can be used to determine masses of single stars with a precision of 2%-3%, which we confirm by testing the relation on stars with individual dynamical masses from the literature. The precision is limited by scatter around the best-fit relation beyond measured M_*_ uncertainties, perhaps driven by intrinsic variation in the M_Ks_-M_*_ relation or underestimated uncertainties in the input parallaxes. We find that the effect of [Fe/H] on the M_Ks_-M_*_ relation is likely negligible for metallicities in the solar neighborhood (0.0%{+/-}2.2% change in mass per dex change in [Fe/H]). This weak effect is consistent with predictions from the Dartmouth Stellar Evolution Database, but inconsistent with those from modules for experiments in stellar astrophysics (MESA) Isochrones and Stellar Tracks (MIST) (at 5{sigma}). A sample of binaries with a wider range of abundances will be required to discern the importance of metallicity in extreme populations (e.g., in the Galactic halo or thick disk).
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/738/186
- Title:
- HST and DEIMOS measurements of NGC 2419 stars
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/738/186
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present the analysis of a kinematic data set of stars in the globular cluster NGC 2419, taken with the DEep Imaging Multi-Object Spectrograph at the Keck II telescope. Combined with a reanalysis of deep Hubble Space Telescope and Subaru Telescope imaging data, which provide an accurate luminosity profile of the cluster, we investigate the validity of a large set of dynamical models of the system, which are checked for stability via N-body simulations.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/812/109
- Title:
- HST & Keck spectroscopy of bright CEMP-s stars
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/812/109
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present an elemental-abundance analysis, in the near-ultraviolet (NUV) spectral range, for the bright carbon-enhanced metal-poor (CEMP) stars HD 196944 (V=8.40, [Fe/H]=-2.41) and HD 201626 (V=8.16, [Fe/H]=-1.51), based on data acquired with the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS) on the Hubble Space Telescope. Both of these stars belong to the sub-class CEMP-s, and exhibit clear over-abundances of heavy elements associated with production by the slow neutron-capture process. HD 196944 has been well-studied in the optical region, but we add abundance results for six species (Ge, Nb, Mo, Lu, Pt, and Au) that are only accessible in the NUV. In addition, we provide the first determination of its orbital period, P=1325 days. HD 201626 has only a limited number of abundance results based on previous optical work --here we add five new species from the NUV, including Pb. We compare these results with models of binary-system evolution and s-process element production in stars on the asymptotic giant branch, with the goal of explaining their origin and evolution. Our best-fitting models for HD 196944 (M_1,i_=0.9M_{sun}_, M_2,i_=0.86M_{sun}_, for [Fe/H]=-2.2), and HD 201626 (M_1,i_=0.9M_{sun}_, M_2,i_=0.76M_{sun}_ for [Fe/H]=-2.2; M_1,i_=1.6M_{sun}_, M_2,i_=0.59M_{sun}_ for [Fe/H]=-1.5) are consistent with the current accepted scenario for the formation of CEMP-s stars.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/900/183
- Title:
- HST NIR grism sp. of strong-lensing galaxy clusters
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/900/183
- Date:
- 15 Feb 2022 11:31:32
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present the hitherto largest sample of gas-phase metallicity radial gradients measured at sub-kpc resolution in star-forming galaxies in the redshift range of 1.2<z<=2.3. These measurements are enabled by the synergy of slitless spectroscopy from the Hubble Space Telescope near-infrared channels and the lensing magnification from foreground galaxy clusters. Our sample consists of 76 galaxies with stellar mass ranging from 10^7^ to 10^10^M_{sun}, an instantaneous star formation rate in the range of [1,100]M_{sun}_/yr, and global metallicity [1/12,2] of solar. At a 2{sigma} confidence level, 15/76 galaxies in our sample show negative radial gradients, whereas 7/76 show inverted gradients. Combining ours and all other metallicity gradients obtained at a similar resolution currently available in the literature, we measure a negative mass dependence of {Delta}log(O/H)/{Delta}r[dex/kpc]=(-0.020+/-0.007)+(-0.016+/-0.008) log(M_*_/10^9.4^M_{sun}_), with the intrinsic scatter being {sigma}=0.060+/-0.006 over 4 orders of magnitude in stellar mass. Our result is consistent with strong feedback, not secular processes, being the primary governor of the chemostructural evolution of star-forming galaxies during the disk mass assembly at cosmic noon. We also find that the intrinsic scatter of metallicity gradients increases with decreasing stellar mass and increasing specific star formation rate. This increase in the intrinsic scatter is likely caused by the combined effect of cold-mode gas accretion and merger-induced starbursts, with the latter more predominant in the dwarf mass regime of M_*_<~10^9^M_{sun}_.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/513/168
- Title:
- HST observations of carbon in spiral galaxies
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/513/168
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present measurements of the gas-phase abundance ratio C/O in six H II regions in the spiral galaxies M101 and NGC 2403, based on ultraviolet spectroscopy using the Faint Object Spectrograph on the Hubble Space Telescope. The ratios of C to O increase systematically with O/H in both galaxies, from log(C/O){~=}-0.8 at log(O/H){~=}-4.0 to log(C/O){~=}-0.1 at log(O/H){~=}-3.4. C/N shows no correlation with O/H. The rate of increase of C/O is somewhat uncertain because of uncertainty as to the appropriate UV reddening law and uncertainty in the metallicity dependence on grain depletions. However, the trend of increasing C/O with O/H is clear, confirming and extending the trend in C/O indicated previously from observations of irregular galaxies. Our data indicate that the radial gradients in C/H across spiral galaxies are steeper than the gradients in O/H. Comparing the data to chemical-evolution models for spiral galaxies shows that models in which the massive star yields do not vary with metallicity predict radial C/O gradients that are much flatter than the observed gradients.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/777/79
- Title:
- HST photometry of Cepheid candidates in M101
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/777/79
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The impact of metallicity on the Cepheid period-luminosity (P-L) relation is investigated using Hubble Space Telescope Advanced Camera for Surveys V and I images of M101. Variations in the reddening-free Wesenheit parameter (W), which is employed as a proxy for luminosity, are examined as a function of the radial distance from the center of M101 (and thus metallicity). We determine that there is no dependence of the slope on metallicity. However, the intercept is found to depend on metallicity by {gamma}_VI_=-0.33+/-0.12mag.dex^-1^ and {gamma}_VI_=-0.71+/-0.17mag.dex^-1^ using 2{sigma} and 3{sigma} rejection criteria, respectively. Sigma-clipping impacts the derived metallicity dependence, and the 2{sigma} criterion applied likely mitigates blending, particularly in the crowded inner regions of M101. A metallicity-corrected distance for M101 is obtained from 619 Cepheids ({mu}=28.96+/-0.11), a result that agrees with the recently determined SN Ia distance. The metallicity effects described can be bypassed by working at near and mid-infrared wavelengths (e.g., the Carnegie Hubble Program).
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/391/945
- Title:
- HST photometry of 74 galactic globular clusters
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/391/945
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present the complete photometric database and the color-magnitude diagrams for 74 Galactic globular clusters observed with the HST/WFPC2 camera in the F439W and F555W bands. A detailed discussion of the various reduction steps is also presented, and of the procedures to transform instrumental magnitudes into both the HST F439W and F555W flight system and the standard Johnson B and V systems. We also describe the artificial star experiments which have been performed to derive the star count completeness in all the relevant branches of the color magnitude diagram. The entire photometric database and the completeness function will be made available on the Web immediately after the publication of the present paper.