- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/217/16
- Title:
- Kepler planetary candidates. V. 3yr Q1-Q12
- Short Name:
- J/ApJS/217/16
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The Kepler mission discovered 2842 exoplanet candidates with 2yr of data. We provide updates to the Kepler planet candidate sample based upon 3yr (Q1-Q12) of data. Through a series of tests to exclude false-positives, primarily caused by eclipsing binary stars and instrumental systematics, 855 additional planetary candidates have been discovered, bringing the total number known to 3697. We provide revised transit parameters and accompanying posterior distributions based on a Markov Chain Monte Carlo algorithm for the cumulative catalog of Kepler Objects of Interest. There are now 130 candidates in the cumulative catalog that receive less than twice the flux the Earth receives and more than 1100 have a radius less than 1.5R_{Earth}_. There are now a dozen candidates meeting both criteria, roughly doubling the number of candidate Earth analogs. A majority of planetary candidates have a high probability of being bonafide planets, however, there are populations of likely false-positives. We discuss and suggest additional cuts that can be easily applied to the catalog to produce a set of planetary candidates with good fidelity.
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- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/871/174
- Title:
- Kepler rapid rotators and Ks-band excesses
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/871/174
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Tens of thousands of rotation periods have been measured in the Kepler fields, including a substantial fraction of rapid rotators. We use Gaia parallaxes to distinguish photometric binaries (PBs) from single stars on the unevolved lower main sequence, and compare their distribution of rotation properties to those of single stars both with and without Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE) spectroscopic characterization. We find that 59% of stars with 1.5day<P<7day lie 0.3mag above the main sequence, compared with 28% of the full rotation sample. The fraction of stars in the same period range is 1.7{+/-}0.1% of the total sample analyzed for rotation periods. Both the PB fraction and the fraction of rapid rotators are consistent with a population of non-eclipsing short-period binaries inferred from Kepler eclipsing binary data after correcting for inclination. This suggests that the rapid rotators are dominated by tidally synchronized binaries rather than single stars obeying traditional angular momentum evolution. We caution against interpreting rapid rotation in the Kepler field as a signature of youth. Following up on this new sample of 217 candidate tidally synchronized binaries will help further understand tidal processes in stars.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/750/114
- Title:
- Kepler TTVs. IV. 4 multiple-planet systems
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/750/114
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Eighty planetary systems of two or more planets are known to orbit stars other than the Sun. For most, the data can be sufficiently explained by non-interacting Keplerian orbits, so the dynamical interactions of these systems have not been observed. Here we present four sets of light curves from the Kepler spacecraft, each which of shows multiple planets transiting the same star. Departure of the timing of these transits from strict periodicity indicates that the planets are perturbing each other: the observed timing variations match the forcing frequency of the other planet. This confirms that these objects are in the same system. Next we limit their masses to the planetary regime by requiring the system remain stable for astronomical timescales. Finally, we report dynamical fits to the transit times, yielding possible values for the planets' masses and eccentricities. As the timespan of timing data increases, dynamical fits may allow detailed constraints on the systems' architectures, even in cases for which high-precision Doppler follow-up is impractical.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/643/A83
- Title:
- K2-Gaia-ESO stellar param. and abundances
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/643/A83
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The extensive stellar spectroscopic datasets that are available for studies in Galactic Archeaology thanks to, for example, the Gaia-ESO Survey, now benefit from having a significant number of targets that overlap with asteroseismology projects such as Kepler, K2, and CoRoT. Combining the measurements from spectroscopy and asteroseismology allows us to attain greater accuracy with regard to the stellar parameters needed to characterise the stellar populations of the Milky Way. The aim of this Gaia-ESO Survey special project is to produce a catalogue of self-consistent stellar parameters by combining measurements from high- resolution spectroscopy and precision asteroseismology. We carried out an iterative analysis of 90 K2@Gaia-ESO red giants. The spectroscopic values of Teff were used as input in the seismic analysis to obtain logg values. The seismic estimates of logg were then used to re- determine the spectroscopic values of Teff and [Fe/H]. Only one iteration was required to obtain parameters that are in good agreement for both methods and, thus, to obtain the final stellar parameters. A detailed analysis of outliers was carried out to ensure a robust determination of the parameters. The results were then combined with Gaia DR2 data to compare the seismic log g with a parallax-based log g and to investigate instances of variations in the velocity and possible binaries within the dataset. This analysis produced a high-quality catalogue of stellar parameters for 90 red giant stars from K2@Gaia-ESO that were determined through iterations between spectroscopy and asteroseismology. We compared the seismic gravities with those based on Gaia parallaxes to find an offset which is similar to other studies that have used asteroseismology. Our catalogue also includes spectroscopic chemical abundances and radial velocities, as well as indicators for possible binary detections.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/112/171
- Title:
- K Giants in Baade's Window. II
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/112/171
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- This is the second in a series of papers in which we analyze spectra of over 400 K and M giants in Baade's Window, including most of the stars with proper motions measured by Spaenhauer et al. (1992AJ....103..297S). In our first paper, we measured line-strength indices of Fe, Mg, CN, and HBeta and calibrated them on the system of Faber et al. (1985ApJS...57..711F). Here, we use the <Fe> index to derive an abundance distribution of [Fe/H] for 322 stars with effective temperatures between 3900K and 5160K. Our derived values of [Fe/H] agree well with those measured from high-resolution echelle spectra (e.g., McWilliam & Rich, 1994ApJS...91..749M) for the small number of stars in common. We find a mean abundance <[Fe/H]>=-0.11+/-0.04 for our sample of Baade's Window K giants. More than half the sample lie in the range -0.4<[Fe/H]<+0.3. We estimate line-of-sight distances for individual stars in our sample and confirm that, in Baade's Window, most K giants with V<15.5 are foreground disk stars, but the great majority (more than 80%) with V>16 belong to the bulge. We also compare the metallicities derived from the CN and Mg2 indices to those from iron. Most of the metal-rich stars in our sample appear to be CN-weak, in contrast to the situation in metal-rich globular clusters and elliptical galaxies. The metal-poor half of our sample ([Fe/H]<0) shows evidence for a mild Mg overenhancement ([Mg/Fe]~+0.2); but this is not seen in the more metal-rich stars ([Fe/H]>=0). The K giants in Baade's Window therefore share some, but not all, of the characteristics of stars in elliptical galaxies as inferred from their integrated light.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/844/102
- Title:
- KIC star parallaxes from asteroseismology vs Gaia
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/844/102
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present a comparison of parallaxes and radii from asteroseismology and Gaia DR1 (TGAS) for 2200 Kepler stars spanning from the main sequence to the red-giant branch. We show that previously identified offsets between TGAS parallaxes and distances derived from asteroseismology and eclipsing binaries have likely been overestimated for parallaxes <~5-10mas (~90%-98% of the TGAS sample). The observed differences in our sample can furthermore be partially compensated by adopting a hotter Teff scale (such as the infrared flux method) instead of spectroscopic temperatures for dwarfs and subgiants. Residual systematic differences are at the ~2% level in parallax across three orders of magnitude. We use TGAS parallaxes to empirically demonstrate that asteroseismic radii are accurate to ~5% or better for stars between ~0.8-8R_{sun}_. We find no significant offset for main- sequence (<~1.5R_{sun}_) and low-luminosity RGB stars (~3-8R_{sun}_), but seismic radii appear to be systematically underestimated by ~5% for subgiants (~1.5-3R_{sun}_). We find no systematic errors as a function of metallicity between [Fe/H]~-0.8 to +0.4dex, and show tentative evidence that corrections to the scaling relation for the large frequency separation ({Delta}{nu}) improve the agreement with TGAS for RGB stars. Finally, we demonstrate that beyond ~3kpc asteroseismology will provide more precise distances than end-of-mission Gaia data, highlighting the synergy and complementary nature of Gaia and asteroseismology for studying galactic stellar populations.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/768/172
- Title:
- Kinematic analysis of red giant in M31 dSphs
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/768/172
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present a homogeneous kinematic analysis of red giant branch stars within 18 of the 28 Andromeda dwarf spheroidal (dSph) galaxies, obtained using the Keck I/LRIS and Keck II/DEIMOS spectrographs. Based on their g-i colors (taken with the CFHT/MegaCam imager), physical positions on the sky, and radial velocities, we assign probabilities of dSph membership to each observed star. Using this information, the velocity dispersions, central masses, and central densities of the dark matter halos are calculated for these objects, and compared with the properties of the Milky Way dSph population. We also measure the average metallicity ([Fe/H]) from the co-added spectra of member stars for each M31 dSph and find that they are consistent with the trend of decreasing [Fe/H] with luminosity observed in the Milky Way population. We find that three of our studied M31 dSphs appear as significant outliers in terms of their central velocity dispersion, And XIX, XXI, and XXV, all of which have large half-light radii (>~700pc) and low velocity dispersions ({sigma}_v_<5km/s). In addition, And XXV has a mass-to-light ratio within its half-light radius of just [M/L]_half_=10.3_-6.7_^7.0^, making it consistent with a simple stellar system with no appreciable dark matter component within its 1{sigma} uncertainties. We suggest that the structure of the dark matter halos of these outliers have been significantly altered by tides.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/658/A22
- Title:
- Kinematic properties of white dwarfs
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/658/A22
- Date:
- 22 Feb 2022
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Kinematic and chemical tagging of stellar populations have both revealed much information on the past and recent history of the Milky Way, including its formation history, merger events, and mixing of populations across the Galactic disk and halo. We present the first detailed 3D kinematic analysis of a sample of 3133 white dwarfs that used Gaia astrometry plus radial velocities, which were measured either by Gaia or by ground-based spectroscopic observations. The sample includes either isolated white dwarfs that have direct radial velocity measurements, or white dwarfs that belong to common proper motion pairs that contain nondegenerate companions with available radial velocities. A subset of common proper motion pairs also have metal abundances that have been measured by large-scale spectroscopic surveys or by our own follow-up observations. We used the white dwarfs as astrophysical clocks by determining their masses and total ages through interpolation with dedicated evolutionary models. We also used the nondegenerate companions in common proper motions to chemically tag the population. Combining accurate radial velocities with Gaia astrometry and proper motions, we derived the velocity components of our sample in the Galactic rest frame and their Galactic orbital parameters. The sample is mostly located within ~300 pc from the Sun. It predominantly contains (90-95%) thin-disk stars with almost circular Galactic orbits, while the remaining 5-10% of stars have more eccentric trajectories and belong to the thick disk. We identified seven isolated white dwarfs and two common proper motion pairs as halo members. We determined the age - velocity dispersion relation for the thin-disk members, which agrees with previous results that were achieved from different white dwarf samples without published radial velocities. The age - velocity dispersion relation shows signatures of dynamical heating and saturation after 4-6 Gyr. We observed a mild anticorrelation between [Fe/H] and the radial component of the average velocity dispersion, showing that dynamical mixing of populations takes place in the Galactic disk, as was detected through the analysis of other samples of FGK stars. We have shown that a white dwarf sample with accurate 3D kinematics and well-measured chemical compositions enables a wider understanding of their population in the solar neighborhood and its connection with the Galactic chemodynamics. The legacy of existing spectroscopic surveys will be boosted by the availability of upcoming larger samples of white dwarfs and common proper motion pairs with more uniform high-quality data.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/125/1397
- Title:
- Kinematics, age and abundances of open clusters
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/125/1397
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We have compiled two new open cluster catalogs. In the first one, there are 119 objects with ages, distances, and metallicities available, while in the second one, 144 objects have both absolute proper motion and radial velocity data, of which 45 clusters also have metallicity data available.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/61/667
- Title:
- Kinematics of Galactic old population
- Short Name:
- J/ApJS/61/667
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- A catalog is presented of some 1200 Galactic objects which have radial velocities and abundances [Fe/H]<=-0.6. These data have been analyzed to yield information on the kinematic properties of the older populations of the Galaxy and on the interdependence between kinematics and abundance.