- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/746/101
- Title:
- Diameters and temperatures of AFG stars
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/746/101
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We have executed a survey of nearby, main-sequence A-, F-, and G-type stars with the CHARA Array, successfully measuring the angular diameters of forty-four stars with an average precision of ~1.5%. We present new measures of the bolometric flux, which in turn leads to an empirical determination of the effective temperature for the stars observed. In addition, these CHARA-determined temperatures, radii, and luminosities are fit to Yonsei-Yale model isochrones to constrain the masses and ages of the stars. These results are compared to indirect estimates of these quantities obtained by collecting photometry of the stars and applying them to model atmospheres and evolutionary isochrones. We find that for most cases, the models overestimate the effective temperature by ~1.5%-4% when compared to our directly measured values. The overestimated temperatures and underestimated radii in these works appear to cause an additional offset in the star's surface gravity measurements, which consequently yield higher masses and younger ages, in particular for stars with masses greater than ~1.3 M_{sun}_. Additionally, we compare our measurements to a large sample of eclipsing binary stars, and excellent agreement is seen within both data sets. Finally, we present temperature relations with respect to (B-V) and (V-K) colors as well as spectral type, showing that calibration of effective temperatures with errors ~1% is now possible from interferometric angular diameters of stars.
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- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/158/141
- Title:
- Differential photometry & RVs of HAT-P-69 & HAT-P-70
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/158/141
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Wide-field surveys for transiting planets are well suited to searching diverse stellar populations, enabling a better understanding of the link between the properties of planets and their parent stars. We report the discovery of HAT-P-69 b (TOI 625.01) and HAT-P-70 b (TOI 624.01), two new hot Jupiters around A stars from the Hungarian-made Automated Telescope Network (HATNet) survey that have also been observed by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite. HAT-P-69 b has a mass of 3.58_-0.58_^+0.58^ M_Jup_ and a radius of 1.676_-0.033_^+0.051^ R_Jup_ and resides in a prograde 4.79 day orbit. HAT-P-70 b has a radius of 1.87_-0.10_^+0.15^ R_Jup_ and a mass constraint of <6.78 (3{sigma}) M_Jup_ and resides in a retrograde 2.74 day orbit. We use the confirmation of these planets around relatively massive stars as an opportunity to explore the occurrence rate of hot Jupiters as a function of stellar mass. We define a sample of 47126 main-sequence stars brighter than T_mag_=10 that yields 31 giant planet candidates, including 18 confirmed planets, 3 candidates, and 10 false positives. We find a net hot Jupiter occurrence rate of 0.41+/-0.10% within this sample, consistent with the rate measured by Kepler for FGK stars. When divided into stellar mass bins, we find the occurrence rate to be 0.71+/-0.31% for G stars, 0.43+/-0.15% for F stars, and 0.26+/-0.11% for A stars. Thus, at this point, we cannot discern any statistically significant trend in the occurrence of hot Jupiters with stellar mass.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/591/A43
- Title:
- Differential rotation in solar-like stars
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/591/A43
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Surface differential rotation (SDR) plays a key role in dynamo models and determines a lower limit on the accuracy of stellar rotation period measurements. SDR estimates are therefore essential to constrain theoretical models and infer realistic rotation period uncertainties. We measure a lower limit to SDR in a sample of solar-like stars belonging to young loose stellar associations with the aim of investigating how SDR depends on global stellar parameters in the age range (4-95Myr). The rotation period of a solar-like star can be recovered by analyzing the flux modulation caused by dark spots and stellar rotation. The SDR and the latitude migration of dark-spots induce a modulation of the detected rotation period. We employed long-term photometry to measure the amplitude of such a modulation and to compute the quantity {Delta}{Omega}_phot_=2{pi}/P_min_-2{pi}/P_max_ that is a lower limit to SDR. We find that {Delta}{Omega}_phot_ increases with the stellar effective temperature and with the global convective turn-over timescale tau_c_, which is the characteristic time for the rise of a convective element through the stellar convection zone. We find that {Delta}{Omega}_phot_ is proportional to T_eff_^2.18+/-0.65^ in stars recently settled on the ZAMS. This power law is less steep than those found by previous authors, but closest to recent theoretical models. We investigate how {Delta}{Omega}_phot_ changes in time in a 1M_{sun}_ star. We find that {Delta}{Omega}_phot_ steeply increases between 4 and 30Myr and that it is almost constant between 30 and 95Myr. We find also that the relative shear increases with the Rossby number Ro. Although our results are qualitatively in agreement with hydrodynamical mean-field models, our measurements are systematically higher than the values predicted by these models. The discrepancy between {Delta}{Omega}_phot_ measurements and theoretical models is particularly large in stars with periods between 0.7 and 2d. Such a discrepancy, together with the anomalous SDR measured by other authors for HD 171488 (rotating in 1.31d), suggests that the rotation period could influence SDR more than predicted by the models.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/478/507
- Title:
- Distances and atmospheric parameters of MSU stars
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/478/507
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Recent analyses of low-mass eclipsing binary stars have unveiled a significant disagreement between the observations and the predictions of stellar structure models. Results show that theoretical models underestimate the radii and overestimate the effective temperatures of low-mass stars but yield luminosities that accord with observations. A hypothesis based upon the effects of stellar activity was put forward to explain the discrepancies. Here we study the existence of the same trend in single active stars and provide a consistent scenario to explain systematic differences between active and inactive stars in the H-R diagram reported earlier. The analysis is done using single field stars of spectral types late-K and M and computing its bolometric magnitudes and temperatures through infrared colours and spectral indices. The properties of the stars in samples of active and inactive stars are compared statistically to reveal systematic differences. After accounting for a number of possible bias effects, active stars are shown to be cooler than inactive stars of similar luminosity therefore implying a larger radius as well, in proportions that are in excellent agreement with those found from eclipsing binaries. The present results generalise the existence of strong radius and temperature dependences on stellar activity to the entire population of low-mass stars, regardless of their membership in close binary systems.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AZh/74/853
- Title:
- Distances and physical parameters of PNe
- Short Name:
- J/AZh/74/853
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The distances and parameters of the central stars and the optical depth of envelopes in the Lyman limits of neutral hydrogen and neutral helium were determined in a self-consistent way for 170 galactic planetary nebulae. The generalized energy-balance method was used (Mal'kov, 1994KFNT...10e..35M).
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/610/A64
- Title:
- Distance to the clouds in Chamaeleon complex
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/610/A64
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The determination of the distance to dark star-forming clouds is a key parameter to derive the properties of the cloud itself, and of its stellar content. This parameter is still loosely constrained even in nearby star- forming regions. We want to determine the distances to the clouds in the Chamaeleon-Musca complex and to explore the connection between these clouds and the large scale cloud structures in the galaxy. We use the newly estimated distances obtained from the parallaxes measured by the Gaia satellite and included in the Tycho-Gaia Astrometric Solution catalog. When known members of a region are included in this catalog we use their parallaxes to infer the distance to the cloud. Otherwise, we analyze the dependence of the color excess on the distance of the stars and look for a turn-on of this excess, which is a proxy of the position of the front-edge of the star-forming cloud. We are able to measure the distance to the three Chamaeleon clouds. The distance to Chamaeleon I is 179^+11+11^_-10-10_pc, where the quoted uncertainties are statistical and systematic uncertainties, respectively, 20 pc further away than previously assumed. The Chamaeleon II cloud is located at the distance of 181^+6+11^_-5-10_pc, which agrees with previous estimates. We are able to measure for the first time a distance to the Chamaeleon III cloud of 199^+8+12^_-7-11_pc. Finally, the distance of the Musca cloud is smaller than 603^+91+133^_-70-92_pc. These estimates do not allow us to distinguish between the possibility that the Chamaeleon clouds are part of a sheet of clouds parallel to the galactic plane, or perpendicular to it. We have measured a larger distance to the Chamaeleon I cloud than assumed in the past, confirmed the distance to the Chamaeleon II region, and measured for the first time the distance to the Chamaleon III cloud. These values are consistent with the scenario where the three clouds are part of a single large scale structure. Gaia Data Release 2 will allow us to put more stringent constraints on the distances to these clouds by giving us access to parallax measurements for a larger number of members of these regions.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/615/A139
- Title:
- 3D non-LTE Balmer line formation
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/615/A139
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Hydrogen Balmer lines are commonly used as spectroscopic effective temperature diagnostics of late-type stars. However, reliable inferences require accurate model spectra, and the absolute accuracy of classical methods that are based on one-dimensional (1D) hydrostatic model atmospheres and local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) is still unclear. To investigate this, we carry out 3D non-LTE calculations for the Balmer lines, performed, for the first time, over an extensive grid of 3D hydrodynamic STAGGER model atmospheres. For H{alpha}, H{beta}, and H{gamma} we find significant 1D non-LTE versus 3D non-LTE differences (3D effects): the outer wings tend to be stronger in 3D models, particularly for H{gamma}, while the inner wings can be weaker in 3D models, particularly for H{alpha}. For H{alpha}, we also find significant 3D LTE versus 3D non-LTE differences (non-LTE effects): in warmer stars (Teff~~6500K) the inner wings tend to be weaker in non-LTE models, while at lower effective temperatures (Teff~~4500K) the inner wings can be stronger in non-LTE models; the non-LTE effects are more severe at lower metallicities. We test our 3D non-LTE models against observations of well-studied benchmark stars. For the Sun, we infer concordant effective temperatures from H{alpha}, H{beta}, and H{gamma}; however the value is too low by around 50K which could signal residual modelling shortcomings. For other benchmark stars, our 3D non-LTE models generally reproduce the effective temperatures to within 1{sigma} uncertainties. For H{alpha}, the absolute 3D effects and non-LTE effects can separately reach around 100K, in terms of inferred effective temperatures. For metal-poor turn-off stars, 1D LTE models of H{alpha} can underestimate effective temperatures by around 150K. Our 3D non-LTE model spectra are publicly available, and can be used for more reliable spectroscopic effective temperature determinations.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/157/78
- Title:
- Double & multiple star systems from GaiaDR2
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/157/78
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Binary and multiple stars have long provided an effective empirical method of testing stellar formation and evolution theories. In particular, the existence of wide binary systems (separations >20000 au) is particularly challenging to binary formation models as their physical separations are beyond the typical size of a collapsing cloud core (~5000-10000 au). We mined the recently published Gaia-DR2 catalog (Cat. I/345) to identify bright comoving systems in the five-dimensional space (sky position, parallax, and proper motion). We identified 3741 comoving binary and multiple stellar candidate systems, out of which 575 have compatible radial velocities for all the members of the system. The candidate systems have separations between ~400 and 500000 au. We used the analysis tools of the Virtual Observatory to characterize the comoving system members and to assess their reliability. The comparison with previous comoving systems catalogs obtained from TGAS showed that these catalogs contain a large number of false systems. In addition, we were not able to confirm the ultra-wide binary population presented in these catalogs. The robustness of our methodology is demonstrated by the identification of well known comoving star clusters and by the low contamination rate for comoving binary systems with projected physical separations <50000 au. These last constitute a reliable sample for further studies. The catalog is available online at the Spanish Virtual Observatory portal (http://svo2.cab.inta-csic.es/vocats/v2/comovingGaiaDR2/).
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+AS/117/227
- Title:
- Dwarf effective temperatures
- Short Name:
- J/A+AS/117/227
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We have applied the InfraRed Flux Method (IRFM) to a sample of 475 dwarfs and subdwarfs in order to derive their effective temperatures with a mean accuracy of about 1.5%. We have used the new homogeneous grid of theoretical model atmosphere flux distributions developed by Kurucz (1991, 1993) for the application of the IRFM. The atmospheric parameters of the stars cover, roughly, the ranges: 3500K<=T_eff_<=8000K; -3.5<=[Fe/H]<=+0.5; 3.5<=log(g)<=5. The monochromatic infrared fluxes at the continuum, and the bolometric fluxes are derived using recent results, which satisfy the accuracy requirements of the work.
150. DZ stars in SDSS DR4
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/663/1291
- Title:
- DZ stars in SDSS DR4
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/663/1291
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present a detailed analysis of a large spectroscopic and photometric sample of DZ white dwarfs based on our latest model atmosphere calculations. We revise the atmospheric parameters of the trigonometric parallax sample of Bergeron, Leggett, & Ruiz (2001, Cat. <J/ApJS/133/413>, 12 stars) and analyze 147 new DZ white dwarfs discovered in the SDSS. The inclusion of metals and hydrogen in our model atmosphere calculations leads to different atmospheric parameters than those derived from pure helium models.