- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/736/L25
- Title:
- Habitability of Kepler planetary candidates
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/736/L25
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- This Letter outlines a simple approach to evaluate habitability of terrestrial planets by assuming different types of planetary atmospheres and using corresponding model calculations. Our approach can be applied for current and future candidates provided by the Kepler mission and other searches. The resulting uncertainties and changes in the number of planetary candidates in the habitability zone (HZ) for the Kepler 2011 February data release are discussed. To first order, the HZ depends on the effective stellar flux distribution in wavelength and time, the planet albedo, and greenhouse gas effects. We provide a simple set of parameters which can be used for evaluating future planet candidates from transit searches.
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Search Results
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/155/119
- Title:
- HATSouth-K2 C7 transiting/eclipsing systems
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/155/119
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We report on the result of a campaign to monitor 25 HATSouth candidates using the Kepler space telescope during Campaign 7 of the K2 mission. We discover HATS-36b (EPIC 215969174b, K2-145b), an eccentric (e=0.105+/-0.028) hot Jupiter with a mass of 3.216+/-0.062 M_J_ and a radius of 1.235+/-0.043 R_J_, which transits a solar-type G0V star (V=14.386) in a 4.1752-day period. We also refine the properties of three previously discovered HATSouth transiting planets (HATS-9b, HATS-11b, and HATS-12b) and search the K2 data for TTVs and additional transiting planets in these systems. In addition, we also report on a further three systems that remain as Jupiter-radius transiting exoplanet candidates. These candidates do not have determined masses, however pass all of our other vetting observations. Finally, we report on the 18 candidates that we are now able to classify as eclipsing binary or blended eclipsing binary systems based on a combination of the HATSouth data, the K2 data, and follow-up ground-based photometry and spectroscopy. These range in periods from 0.7 day to 16.7 days, and down to 1.5 mmag in eclipse depths. Our results show the power of combining ground-based imaging and spectroscopy with higher precision space-based photometry, and serve as an illustration as to what will be possible when combining ground-based observations with TESS data.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/155/114
- Title:
- HAT-TR-318-007: a double-lined M dwarf binary
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/155/114
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We report the discovery by the HATNet survey of HAT-TR-318-007, a P=3.34395390+/-0.00000020 day period detached double-lined M dwarf binary with total secondary eclipses. We combine radial velocity (RV) measurements from TRES/FLWO 1.5 m and time-series photometry from HATNet, FLWO 1.2 m, BOS 0.8 m, and NASA K2 Campaign 5, to determine the masses and radii of the component stars: M_A_=0.448+/-0.011 M_{sun}_^N^, M_B_=0.2721_-0.0042_^+0.0041^ M_{sun}_^N^, R_A_=0.4548_-0.0036_^+0.0035^ R_{sun}_^N^, and R_B_=0.2913_-0.0024_^+0.0023^ R_{sun}_^N^. We obtained a FIRE/Magellan near-infrared spectrum of the primary star during a total secondary eclipse, and we use this to obtain disentangled spectra of both components. We determine spectral types of ST_A_=M3.71+/-0.69 and ST_B_=M5.01+/-0.73 and effective temperatures of T_eff,A_=3190+/-110 K and T_eff,B_=3100+/-110 K for the primary and secondary star, respectively. We also measure a metallicity of [Fe/H]=+0.298+/-0.080 for the system. We find that the system has a small, but significant, nonzero eccentricity of 0.0136+/-0.0026. The K2 light curve shows a coherent variation at a period of 3.41315_-0.00032_^+0.00030^ days, which is slightly longer than the orbital period, and which we demonstrate comes from the primary star. We interpret this as the rotation period of the primary. We perform a quantitative comparison between the Dartmouth stellar evolution models and the seven systems, including HAT-TR-318-007, that contain M dwarfs with 0.2 M_{sun}_^N^<M<0.5 M_{sun}_^N^, have metallicity measurements, and have masses and radii determined to better than 5% precision. Discrepancies between the predicted and observed masses and radii are found for three of the systems.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/159/9
- Title:
- HD 150382 lithium-rich star at the early-AGB stage
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/159/9
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We report the discovery of a lithium-rich giant, HD 150382, a post-red-giant-branch clump star. The atmospheric parameters, the chemical abundances for 17 elements, and the isotopic ratio ^12^C/^13^C were determined using the equivalent width and the spectral synthesis methods. The lithium abundance was determined via spectral synthesis of the Li I resonance doublet at {lambda} 6708 yielding log{epsilon}(Li)_NLTE_=2.55. The excited-state line at {lambda} 6104 also was analyzed. In addition, we have used theoretical evolutionary tracks to determine the mass and luminosity of HD 150382 and compare it with other well-known lithium-rich giants in the literature. Our results show that HD 150382 is a slowly rotating K-giant star having near-solar metallicity. We also show that HD 150382 is not s-process enriched, which is in agreement with its evolutionary status. Finally, based on the abundance results, we study the possible scenarios of the lithium enrichment.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/786/14
- Title:
- He abundances in M30 and NGC 6397
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/786/14
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present the helium abundance of the two metal-poor clusters M30 and NGC 6397. Helium estimates have been obtained by using the high-resolution spectrograph FLAMES at the European Southern Observatory Very Large Telescope and by measuring the He I line at 4471 {AA} in 24 and 35 horizontal branch (HB) stars in M30 and NGC 6397, respectively. This sample represents the largest data set of He abundances collected so far in metal-poor clusters. The He mass fraction turns out to be Y=0.252+/-0.003 ({sigma}=0.021) for M30 and Y=0.241+/-0.004 ({sigma}=0.023) for NGC 6397. These values are fully compatible with the cosmological abundance, thus suggesting that the HB stars are not strongly enriched in He. The small spread of the Y distributions are compatible with those expected from the observed main sequence splitting. Finally, we find a hint of a weak anticorrelation between Y and [O/Fe] in NGC 6397 in agreement with the prediction that O-poor stars are formed by (He-enriched) gas polluted by the products of hot proton-capture reactions.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/838/25
- Title:
- Hectochelle spectroscopy for 776 Kepler stars
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/838/25
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The occurrence rate of hot Jupiters from the Kepler transit survey is roughly half that of radial velocity surveys targeting solar neighborhood stars. One hypothesis to explain this difference is that the two surveys target stars with different stellar metallicity distributions. To test this hypothesis, we measure the metallicity distribution of the Kepler targets using the Hectochelle multi-fiber, high-resolution spectrograph. Limiting our spectroscopic analysis to 610 dwarf stars in our sample with logg>3.5, we measure a metallicity distribution characterized by a mean of [M/H]_mean_=-0.045+/-0.009, in agreement with previous studies of the Kepler field target stars. In comparison, the metallicity distribution of the California Planet Search radial velocity sample has a mean of [M/H]_CPS,mean_=-0.005+/-0.006, and the samples come from different parent populations according to a Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. We refit the exponential relation between the fraction of stars hosting a close-in giant planet and the host star metallicity using a sample of dwarf stars from the California Planet Search with updated metallicities. The best-fit relation tells us that the difference in metallicity between the two samples is insufficient to explain the discrepant hot Jupiter occurrence rates; the metallicity difference would need to be ~0.2-0.3dex for perfect agreement. We also show that (sub)giant contamination in the Kepler sample cannot reconcile the two occurrence calculations. We conclude that other factors, such as binary contamination and imperfect stellar properties, must also be at play.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/885/74
- Title:
- 1340 Helium rich white dwarfs in the Gaia era
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/885/74
- Date:
- 09 Mar 2022 22:00:00
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present an analysis of 1023 DBZ/DZ(A) and 319 DQ white dwarf stars taken from the Montreal White Dwarf Database. This represents a significant increase over the previous comprehensive studies on these types of objects. We use new trigonometric parallax measurements from the Gaia second data release, together with photometry from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, Pan-STARRS, Gaia, or BVRI from the literature, which allow the determination of the mass for the majority of the objects in our sample. We use the photometric and spectroscopic techniques with our recently improved model atmospheres code, which include high-density effects, to accurately determine the effective temperature, surface gravity, and heavy-element abundances for each object. We study the abundance of hydrogen in DBZ/DZ white dwarfs and the properties of the accreted planetesimals. We explore the nature of the second sequence of DQ stars using proper motions from Gaia and highlight evidence of crystallization in massive DQ stars. We also present mass distributions for both spectral types. Finally, we discuss the implications of our findings in the context of the spectral evolution of white dwarfs and provide the atmospheric parameters for each star.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/753/147
- Title:
- Herschel observations stars in THA
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/753/147
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present Herschel PACS photometry of 17 B- to M-type stars in the 30Myr old Tucana-Horologium Association. This work is part of the Herschel Open Time Key Programme "Gas in Protoplanetary Systems" (GASPS). 6 of the 17 targets were found to have infrared excesses significantly greater than the expected stellar IR fluxes, including a previously unknown disk around HD30051. These six debris disks were fitted with single-temperature blackbody models to estimate the temperatures and abundances of the dust in the systems. For the five stars that show excess emission in the Herschel PACS photometry and also have Spitzer IRS spectra, we fit the data with models of optically thin debris disks with realistic grain properties in order to better estimate the disk parameters. The model is determined by a set of six parameters: surface density index, grain size distribution index, minimum and maximum grain sizes, and the inner and outer radii of the disk. The best-fitting parameters give us constraints on the geometry of the dust in these systems, as well as lower limits to the total dust masses. The HD105 disk was further constrained by fitting marginally resolved PACS 70{mu}m imaging.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/561/A7
- Title:
- High-precision abundances for stars with planets
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/561/A7
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Elemental abundance studies of solar twin stars suggest that the solar chemical composition contains signatures of the formation of terrestrial planets in the solar system, namely small but significant depletions of the refractory elements. To test this hypothesis, we study stars which, compared to solar twins, have less massive convective envelopes (therefore increasing the amplitude of the predicted effect) or are, arguably, more likely to host planets (thus increasing the frequency of signature detections). We measure relative atmospheric parameters and elemental abundances of a late-F type dwarf sample (52 stars) and a sample of metal-rich solar analogs (59 stars). We detect refractory-element depletions with amplitudes up to about 0.15dex. The distribution of depletion amplitudes for stars known to host gas giant planets is not different from that of the rest of stars. The maximum amplitude of depletion increases with effective temperature from 5650K to 5950K, while it appears to be constant for warmer stars (up to 6300K). The depletions observed in solar twin stars have a maximum amplitude that is very similar to that seen here for both of our samples. Gas giant planet formation alone cannot explain the observed distributions of refractory-element depletions, leaving the formation of rocky material as a more likely explanation of our observations. More rocky material is necessary to explain the data of solar twins than metal-rich stars, and less for warm stars. However, the sizes of the stars' convective envelopes at the time of planet formation could be regulating these amplitudes. Our results could be explained if disk lifetimes were shorter in more massive stars, as independent observations indeed seem to suggest.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AZh/83/158
- Title:
- High precision effective temperatures of giants
- Short Name:
- J/AZh/83/158
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The spectral lines of high and low excitation potentials respond differently to the change in effective temperature (Teff). Therefore, the ratio of their depths (or equivalent widths) is a very sensitive temperature indicator. A set of 100 relations is obtained which rely Teff on line depth ratios, calibrated against previously published precise (one per cent) temperature estimates of giants. Highly precise temperatures have been determined from this relations for a set of 110 giants of about solar metallicity, based on high resolution (R=42000), high S/N echelle spectra. The application range of the calibrations is 4000-7000K (F2III-K4III). The internal error of a single calibration is less than 95K, while the combination of all calibrations for a spectrum of S/N=100 reduces uncertainty to only 5-25K (1{sigma}). The big advantage of using line-depth ratios is the independence on the interstellar reddening, spectral resolution, rotational and microturbulence broadening.