- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/836/167
- Title:
- K2 planetary syst. around low-mass stars. I.
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/836/167
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present near-infrared spectra for 144 candidate planetary systems identified during Campaigns 1-7 of the NASA K2 Mission. The goal of the survey was to characterize planets orbiting low-mass stars, but our Infrared Telescope Facility/SpeX and Palomar/TripleSpec spectroscopic observations revealed that 49% of our targets were actually giant stars or hotter dwarfs reddened by interstellar extinction. For the 72 stars with spectra consistent with classification as cool dwarfs (spectral types K3-M4), we refined their stellar properties by applying empirical relations based on stars with interferometric radius measurements. Although our revised temperatures are generally consistent with those reported in the Ecliptic Plane Input Catalog (EPIC), our revised stellar radii are typically 0.13R_{sun}_ (39%) larger than the EPIC values, which were based on model isochrones that have been shown to underestimate the radii of cool dwarfs. Our improved stellar characterizations will enable more efficient prioritization of K2 targets for follow-up studies.
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- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/154/207
- Title:
- K2 planetary systems orbiting low-mass stars
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/154/207
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We recently used near-infrared spectroscopy to improve the characterization of 76 low-mass stars around which K2 had detected 79 candidate transiting planets. 29 of these worlds were new discoveries that had not previously been published. We calculate the false positive probabilities that the transit-like signals are actually caused by non-planetary astrophysical phenomena and reject five new transit-like events and three previously reported events as false positives. We also statistically validate 17 planets (7 of which were previously unpublished), confirm the earlier validation of 22 planets, and announce 17 newly discovered planet candidates. Revising the properties of the associated planet candidates based on the updated host star characteristics and refitting the transit photometry, we find that our sample contains 21 planets or planet candidates with radii smaller than 1.25 R_{Earth}_, 18 super-Earths (1.25-2 R_{Earth}_), 21 small Neptunes (2-4 R_{Earth}_), three large Neptunes (4-6 R_{Earth}_), and eight giant planets (>6 R_{Earth}_). Most of these planets are highly irradiated, but EPIC 206209135.04 (K2-72e, 1.29_-0.13_^+0.14^ R_{Earth}_), EPIC 211988320.01 (R_p_=2.86_-0.15_^+0.16^ R_{Earth}_), and EPIC 212690867.01 (2.20_-0.18_^+0.19^ R_{Earth}_) orbit within optimistic habitable zone boundaries set by the "recent Venus" inner limit and the "early Mars" outer limit. In total, our planet sample includes eight moderately irradiated 1.5-3 R_{Earth}_ planet candidates (F_p_~<20 F_{Earth}_) orbiting brighter stars (Ks<11) that are well-suited for atmospheric investigations with the Hubble, Spitzer, and/or James Webb Space Telescopes. Five validated planets orbit relatively bright stars (Kp<12.5) and are expected to yield radial velocity semi-amplitudes of at least 2 m/s. Accordingly, they are possible targets for radial velocity mass measurement with current facilities or the upcoming generation of red optical and near-infrared high-precision RV spectrographs.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/879/100
- Title:
- K2 rotation periods for Hyades & Praesepe members
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/879/100
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We analyze K2 light curves for 132 low-mass (1M_{sun}_>~M*>~0.1M_{sun}_) members of the 600-800Myr old Hyades cluster and measure rotation periods (P_rot_) for 116 of these stars. These include 93 stars with no prior P_rot_ measurements; the total number of Hyads with a known P_rot_ is now 232. We then combine literature binary data with Gaia DR2 photometry and astrometry to select single-star sequences in the Hyades and its roughly coeval Praesepe open cluster and derive a new reddening value of A_V_=0.035+/-0.011 for Praesepe. Comparing the effective temperature-P_rot_ distributions for the Hyades and Praesepe, we find that solar-type Hyads rotate, on average, 0.4d slower than their Praesepe counterparts. This P_rot_ difference indicates that the Hyades is slightly older than Praesepe: we apply a new gyrochronology model tuned with Praesepe and the Sun and find an age difference between the two clusters of 57Myr. However, this P_rot_ difference decreases and eventually disappears for lower-mass stars. This provides further evidence for stalling in the rotational evolution of these stars and highlights the need for more detailed analysis of angular momentum evolution for stars of different masses and ages.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/160/209
- Title:
- K2 & TESS Synergy. I. Parameters & LC, 4 stars
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/160/209
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Although the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) primary mission observed the northern and southern ecliptic hemispheres, generally avoiding the ecliptic, and the Kepler space telescope during the K2 mission could only observe near the ecliptic, many of the K2 fields extend far enough from the ecliptic plane that sections overlap with TESS fields. Using photometric observations from both K2 and TESS, combined with archival spectroscopic observations, we globally modeled four known planetary systems discovered by K2 that were observed in the first year of the primary TESS mission. Specifically, we provide updated ephemerides and system parameters for K2-114b, K2-167b, K2-237b, and K2-261b. These were some of the first K2 planets to be observed by TESS in the first year and include three Jovian sized planets and a sub-Neptune with orbital periods less than 12 days. In each case, the updated ephemeris significantly reduces the uncertainty in prediction of future times of transit, which is valuable for planning observations with the James Webb Space Telescope and other future facilities. The TESS extended mission is expected to observe about half of the K2 fields, providing the opportunity to perform this type of analysis on a larger number of systems.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/154/31
- Title:
- {lambda} Bootis stars: the southern survey I.
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/154/31
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The {lambda} Boo stars are a class of chemically peculiar Population I A-type stars characterized by under-abundances of the refractory elements, but near-solar abundances of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. There is some evidence that {lambda} Boo stars have higher frequencies of "bright" debris disks than normal A-type stars. The discovery of four exoplanets orbiting HR8799, a {lambda} Boo star with a resolved debris disk, suggests that the {lambda} Boo phenomenon may be related to the presence of a dynamic debris disk, perhaps perturbed by migrating planets. However, only 64 {lambda} Boo stars are known, and those stars were discovered with different techniques, making it problematic to use that sample for statistical purposes, including determining the frequency of debris disks. The purpose of this paper is to derive a new sample of {lambda} Boo stars using a technique that does not lead to biases with respect to the presence of infrared excesses. Through spectroscopic observations in the southern hemisphere, we have discovered 33 {lambda} Boo stars and have confirmed 12 others. As a step toward determining the proportion of {lambda} Boo stars with infrared excesses, we have used WISE data to examine the infrared properties of this sample out to 22{mu}m. On this basis, we cannot conclude that {lambda} Boo stars have a greater tendency than normal A-type stars to show infrared excesses. However, observing this sample at longer wavelengths may change that conclusion, as many {lambda} Boo debris disks are cool and do not radiate strongly at 22{mu}m.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/448/822
- Title:
- LAMOST candidate members of star clusters
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/448/822
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We introduce the Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST) stellar parameter pipeline at Peking University - LSP3, developed and implemented for the determinations of radial velocity Vr and stellar atmospheric parameters (effective temperature Teff, surface gravity logg, metallicity [Fe/H]) for the LAMOST Spectroscopic Survey of the Galactic Anticentre (LSS-GAC). We describe the algorithms of LSP3 and examine the accuracy of parameters yielded by it. The precision and accuracy of parameters yielded are investigated by comparing results of multi-epoch observations and of candidate members of open and globular clusters, with photometric calibration, as well as with independent determinations available from a number of external data bases, including the PASTEL archive, the APOGEE, SDSS and RAVE surveys, as well as those released in the LAMOST DR1. The uncertainties of LSP3 parameters are characterized and quantified as a function of the spectral signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and stellar atmospheric parameters. We conclude that the current implementation of LSP3 has achieved an accuracy of 5.0km/s, 150K, 0.25dex, 0.15dex for the radial velocity, effective temperature, surface gravity and metallicity, respectively, for LSS-GAC spectra of FGK stars of SNRs per pixel higher than 10. The LSP3 has been applied to over a million LSS-GAC spectra collected hitherto. Stellar parameters yielded by the LSP3 will be released to the general public following the data policy of LAMOST, together with estimates of the interstellar extinction E(B-V) and stellar distances, deduced by combining spectroscopic and multiband photometric measurements using a variety of techniques.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/891/39
- Title:
- LAMOST DR3 very metal-poor stars of the Galactic halo
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/891/39
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We search for dynamical substructures in the LAMOST DR3 very metal-poor (VMP) star catalog. After cross-matching with Gaia DR2, there are ~3300 VMP stars with available high-quality astrometric information that have halo-like kinematics. We apply a method based on the self-organizing map StarGO to find groups clustered in the 4D space of orbital energy and angular momentum. We identify 57 dynamically tagged groups (DTGs), which we label DTG-1 to DTG-57. Most of them belong to existing massive substructures in the nearby halo, such as the Gaia Sausage or Sequoia. The stream identified by Helmi+ (1999Natur.402...53H) is recovered, but the two disjointed portions of the substructure appear to have distinct dynamical properties. The very retrograde substructure Rg5 found previously by Myeong+ (2018MNRAS.478.5449M) is also retrieved. We report six new DTGs with highly retrograde orbits, two with very prograde orbits, and 12 with polar orbits. By mapping other data sets (APOGEE halo stars, and catalogs of r-process-enhanced and carbon-enhanced metal-poor [CEMP] stars) onto the trained neuron map, we can associate stars with detailed chemical abundances with the DTGs and look for associations with chemically peculiar stars. The highly eccentric Gaia Sausage groups contain representatives of both debris from the satellite itself (which is {alpha}-poor) and the Splashed Disk, sent up into eccentric halo orbits from the encounter (and which is {alpha}-rich). The new prograde substructures also appear to be associated with the Splashed Disk. The DTGs belonging to the Gaia Sausage host two relatively metal-rich r-II stars and six CEMP stars in different subclasses, consistent with the idea that the Gaia Sausage progenitor is a massive dwarf galaxy. Rg5 is dynamically associated with two highly r-process-enhanced stars with [Fe/H]~-3. This finding indicates that its progenitor might be an ultrafaint dwarf galaxy that has experienced r-process enrichment from neutron star mergers.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/594/A39
- Title:
- LAMOST-Kepler parameters and activity indicators
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/594/A39
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- A comprehensive and homogeneous determination of stellar parameters for the stars observed by the Kepler space telescope is necessary for statistical studies of their properties. As a result of the large number of stars monitored by Kepler, the largest and more complete databases of stellar parameters published to date are multiband photometric surveys. The LAMOST-Kepler survey, whose spectra are analyzed in the present paper, was the first large spectroscopic project, which started in 2011 and aimed at filling that gap. In this work we present the results of our analysis, which is focused on selecting spectra with emission lines and chromospherically active stars by means of the spectral subtraction of inactive templates. The spectroscopic determination of the atmospheric parameters for a large number of stars is a by-product of our analysis. We have used a purposely developed version of the code ROTFIT for the determination of the stellar parameters by exploiting a wide and homogeneous collection of real star spectra, namely the Indo US library. We provide a catalog with the atmospheric parameters (Teff, logg, and [Fe/H]), radial velocity (RV), and an estimate of the projected rotation velocity (vsini). For cool stars (Teff<6000K), we also calculated the H-alpha and CaII-IRT fluxes, which are important proxies of chromospheric activity. We have derived the RV and atmospheric parameters for 61753 spectra of 51385 stars. The average uncertainties, which we estimate from the stars observed more than once, are about 12km/s, 1.3%, 0.05dex, and 0.06dex for RV, Teff, logg, and [Fe/H], respectively, although they are larger for the spectra with a very low signal-to-noise ratio. Literature data for a few hundred stars (mainly from high-resolution spectroscopy) were used to peform quality control of our results. The final accuracy of the RV is about 14km/s. The accuracy of the Teff, logg, and [Fe/H] measurements is about 3.5%, 0.3dex, and 0.2dex, respectively. However, while the Teff values are in very good agreement with the literature, we noted some issues with the determination of [Fe/H] of metal poor stars and the tendency, for logg, to cluster around the values typical for main-sequence and red giant stars. We propose correction relations based on these comparisons and we show that this does not have a significant effect on the determination of the chromospheric fluxes. The RV distribution is asymmetric and shows an excess of stars with negative RVs that are larger at low metallicities. Despite the rather low LAMOST resolution, we were able to identify interesting and peculiar objects, such as stars with variable RV, ultrafast rotators, and emission-line objects. Based on the H-alpha and CaII-IRT fluxes, we found 442 chromospherically active stars, one of which is a likely accreting object. The availability of precise rotation periods from the Kepler photometry allowed us to study the dependency of these chromospheric fluxes on the rotation rate for a very large sample of field stars.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/162/32
- Title:
- LAMOST parameters of Am and non-chemical-peculiar stars
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/162/32
- Date:
- 21 Mar 2022 00:10:05
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Rotation is a critical physical process operating in the formation of Am stars. There is a strong correlation between low-velocity rotation and chemical peculiarity. However, the existence of many non-chemical-peculiar slow rotators challenges the understanding of Am stars. The purpose of our work is to search for low-velocity rotating non-chemical-peculiar A-type stars and Am stars and to make a comparative analysis. In this paper, we pick out a sample from the LAMOST-Kepler project, including 21 Am stars, 125 non-chemical-peculiar slow rotators, and 53 non-chemical-peculiar fast rotators. We calculate the rotational frequencies through a periodic change of light curves caused by inhomogeneous stellar surfaces and then obtain the rotational velocities. For slow rotators, the age of Am stars is statistically younger than that of non-chemical-peculiar stars in the same temperature bin. In the comparison of the period, the average amplitude, and stellar mass of Am and non-chemical-peculiar stars, we discover that there is no difference in the photometric variability between Am and non-chemical-peculiar stars, which implies similar inhomogeneities on the surfaces. The average amplitude of non-chemical-peculiar stars has a downward trend with the increase of effective temperature and stellar mass, which is consistent with the theoretical prediction caused by weak dynamo-generated magnetic fields in A-type stars. In addition, we confirm four non-chemical-peculiar stars that have flares by checking field-of-view images, pixel images, and pixel-level light curves.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/other/RAA/19.64
- Title:
- LAMOST spectroscopic binaries & variable stars
- Short Name:
- J/other/RAA/19.6
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- About 786.4 thousand stars were observed by LAMOST twice or more during the first stage of its spectroscopic survey. The radial velocity differences for about 256 thousand targets are larger than 10km/s and they are possible spectroscopic binary or variable candidates (SBVCs). It is shown that most SBVCs are slightly metal poorer than the Sun. There are two peaks in the temperature distribution of SBVCs around 5760K and 4870K, while there are three peaks in the distribution of the gravitational acceleration at 2.461, 4.171 and 4.621cm/s^2^. The locations of SBVCs on the [Fe/H]-T, [Fe/H]-logg, logg-T and H-R diagrams are investigated. It is found that the detected SBVCs could be classified into four groups. The first group has higher logg~4.621 and lower T~4870K which are mainly cool red dwarf binaries. The second group of SBVCs has logg around 4.171cm/s^2^ that includes binaries and pulsating stars such as {delta} Sct and {gamma} Dor variables. The gravitational accelerations of the third group of SBVCs are higher and some of them are below the zero-age main sequence. They may be contact binaries in which the primary components are losing energy to the secondaries in the common envelopes and are at a special stellar evolutionary stage. The last group is composed of giants or supergiants with logg around 2.461cm/s^2^ that may be evolved pulsating stars. One target (C134624.29+333921.2) is confirmed as an eclipsing binary with a period of 0.65-days. A preliminary analysis suggests that it is a detached binary with a mass ratio of 0.46. The primary fills its critical Roche lobe by about 89%, indicating that mass transfer will occur between the two components.