- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/155/136
- Title:
- Planets orbiting bright stars in K2 campaigns 0-10
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/155/136
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Since 2014, NASA's K2 mission has observed large portions of the ecliptic plane in search of transiting planets and has detected hundreds of planet candidates. With observations planned until at least early 2018, K2 will continue to identify more planet candidates. We present here 275 planet candidates observed during Campaigns 0-10 of the K2 mission that are orbiting stars brighter than 13 mag (in Kepler band) and for which we have obtained high-resolution spectra (R=44000). These candidates are analyzed using the vespa package in order to calculate their false-positive probabilities (FPP). We find that 149 candidates are validated with an FPP lower than 0.1%, 39 of which were previously only candidates and 56 of which were previously undetected. The processes of data reduction, candidate identification, and statistical validation are described, and the demographics of the candidates and newly validated planets are explored. We show tentative evidence of a gap in the planet radius distribution of our candidate sample. Comparing our sample to the Kepler candidate sample investigated by Fulton et al. (2017, J/AJ/154/109), we conclude that more planets are required to quantitatively confirm the gap with K2 candidates or validated planets. This work, in addition to increasing the population of validated K2 planets by nearly 50% and providing new targets for follow-up observations, will also serve as a framework for validating candidates from upcoming K2 campaigns and the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite, expected to launch in 2018.
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- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/153/101
- Title:
- Pleiades members stellar properties
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/153/101
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Precise measurements of eclipsing binary parameters and statistical studies of young clusters have suggested that some magnetically active low-mass dwarfs possess radii inflated by ~5%-15% relative to theoretical expectations. If true, this effect should be pronounced in young open clusters, due to the rapid rotation and strong magnetic activity of their most extreme members. We explore this possibility by determining empirical radii for 83 members of the nearby Pleiades open cluster, using spectral energy distribution fitting to establish F_bol_ with a typical accuracy of ~3% together with color and spectro-photometric indices to determine T_eff_. We find several Pleiades members with radii inflated above radius-T_eff_ models from state-of-the-art calculations, and apparent dispersions in radii for the K-dwarfs of the cluster. Moreover, we demonstrate that this putative radius inflation correlates strongly with rotation rate, consistent with inflation of young stars by magnetic activity and/or starspots. We argue that this signal is not a consequence of starspot-induced color anomalies, binarity, or depth effects in the cluster, employing Gaia DR1 distances as a check. Finally, we consider the lithium abundances of these stars, demonstrating a triple correlation between rotation rate, radius inflation, and enhanced lithium abundance. Our result-already significant to ~99.99% confidence-provides strong support for a magnetic origin of the inflated radii and lithium dispersion observed in young, low-mass stars.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/152/115
- Title:
- Pleiades members with K2 light curves. III.
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/152/115
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We use high-quality K2 light curves for hundreds of stars in the Pleiades to better understand the angular momentum evolution and magnetic dynamos of young low-mass stars. The K2 light curves provide not only rotational periods but also detailed information from the shape of the phased light curve that was not available in previous studies. A slowly rotating sequence begins at (V-K_s_)_0_~1.1 (spectral type F5) and ends at (V-K_s_)_0_~3.7 (spectral type K8), with periods rising from ~2 to ~11 days in that interval. A total of 52% of the Pleiades members in that color interval have periods within 30% of a curve defining the slow sequence; the slowly rotating fraction decreases significantly redward of (V-K_s_)_0_=2.6. Nearly all of the slow-sequence stars show light curves that evolve significantly on timescales less than the K2 campaign duration. The majority of the FGK Pleiades members identified as photometric binaries are relatively rapidly rotating, perhaps because binarity inhibits star-disk angular momentum loss mechanisms during pre-main-sequence evolution. The fully convective late M dwarf Pleiades members (5.0<(V-K_s_)_0_<6.0) nearly always show stable light curves, with little spot evolution or evidence of differential rotation. During pre-main-sequence evolution from ~3Myr (NGC2264 age) to ~125Myr (Pleiades age), stars of 0.3M_{Sun}_ shed about half of their angular momentum, with the fractional change in period between 3 and 125Myr being nearly independent of mass for fully convective stars. Our data also suggest that very low mass binaries form with rotation periods more similar to each other and faster than would be true if drawn at random from the parent population of single stars.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/427/933
- Title:
- Precise temperature of F-K field dwarfs
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/427/933
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Highly precise temperatures (sigma=10-15K) have been determined from line depth ratios for a set of 248 F-K field dwarfs of about solar metallicity (-0.5<[Fe/H]<+0.4), based on high resolution (R=42000), high S/N echelle spectra. A new gap has been discovered in the distribution of stars on the Main Sequence in the temperature range 5560 to 5610K. This gap coincides with a jump in the microturbulent velocity Vt and the well-known Li depression near 5600K in field dwarfs and open clusters. As the principal cause of the observed discontinuities in stellar properties we propose the penetration of the convective zone into the inner layers of stars slightly less massive than the Sun and related to it, a change in the temperature gradient.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/556/A144
- Title:
- Proper motions of young stars in Chamaeleon
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/556/A144
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present the results of a search for new candidate members of the Chamaeleon I and II star forming regions based on proper motions and multiwavelength photometry. Kinematic candidate members are initially selected in an area of 3 degrees around each cloud on the basis of proper motions and colours using the UCAC4 catalogue. The SEDs of the objects are constructed using photometry retrieved from the Virtual Observatory and other resources, and fitted to models of stellar photospheres in order to derive effective temperatures, gravity values and luminosities. Masses and ages are estimated by comparison with theoretical evolutionary tracks in a Hertzprung-Russell diagram. Objects with ages <=20Myr are selected as probable members of the moving groups. The properties of our candidates are compared with those of the previously known members of the clouds.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/156/28
- Title:
- Properties for exoplanets with Spitzer light curves
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/156/28
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present a uniform assessment of existing near-infrared Spitzer Space Telescope observations of planet-bearing stars. Using a simple four-parameter blackbody thermal model, we analyze stars for which photometry in at least one of Spitzer's IRAC bands has been obtained over either the entirety or a significant fraction of the planetary orbit. Systems in this category comprise 10 well-studied systems with hot Jupiters on circular or near-circular orbits (HAT-P-7, HD 149026, HD 189733, HD 209458, WASP-12, WASP-14, WASP-18, WASP-19, WASP-33, and WASP-43), as well as three stars harboring planets on significantly eccentric orbits (GJ 436, HAT-P-2, and HD 80606). We find that our simple model, in almost all cases, accurately reproduces the minimum and maximum planetary emission, as well as the phase offsets of these extrema with respect to transits/secondary eclipses. For one notable exception, WASP-12 b, adding an additional parameter to account for its tidal distortion is not sufficient to reproduce its photometric features. Full-orbit photometry is available in multiple wavelengths for 10 planets. We find that the returned parameter values for independent fits to each band are largely in agreement. However, disagreements in nightside temperature suggest distinct atmospheric layers, each with their own characteristic minimum temperature. In addition, a diversity in albedos suggests variation in the opacity of the photospheres. While previous works have pointed out trends in photometric features based on system properties, we cannot conclusively identify analogous trends for physical model parameters. To make the connection between full-phase data and physical models more robust, a higher signal-to-noise ratio must come from both increased resolution and a careful treatment of instrumental systematics.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/144/158
- Title:
- Properties of B and Be stars in h and {chi} Persei
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/144/158
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present a study of the B and Be star populations of the double cluster h and {chi} Persei. Blue optical spectroscopy is used to first measure projected rotational velocity, vsini, effective surface temperature, T_eff_, and surface gravity, logg, for B-type sample stars, while available Stromgren photometry is used to calculate T_eff_ and logg for the Be stars showing emission. In our sample of 104 objects for which we measured these stellar parameters, 28 are known or proposed Be stars. Of these Be stars, 22 show evidence of emission at the times of our observations, and furthermore, we find evidence in our data and the literature for at least 8 transient Be stars in the clusters. We find that the Be stars are not rotating near their critical velocity, contrary to the results of studies of similar open clusters. We compare the results of our analysis with other previous studies and find that the cluster members are more evolved than found by Huang & Gies but still retain much of their initial rotational angular momentum.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/593/A29
- Title:
- Properties of galactic PNe central stars
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/593/A29
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We have obtained multi-wavelength observations of compact Galactic planetary nebulae (PNe) to probe post-asymptotic giant branch (AGB) evolution from the onset of nebular ejection. We analyze new observations from Hubble Space Telescope to derive the masses and evolutionary status of their central stars (CSs) in order to better understand the relationship between the CS properties and those of the surrounding nebulae. We work with HST/WFC3 images of 51 targets obtained in a snapshot survey (GO-11657). The high spatial resolution of HST allows us to resolve these compact PNe and distinguish the CS emission from that of their surrounding PNe. The targets were imaged through the filters F200LP, F350LP, and F814W from which we derive Johnson V and I magnitudes. We derive CS bolometric luminosities and effective temperatures using the Zanstra technique, from a combination of HST photometry and ground-based spectroscopic data. We present new unique photometric measurements of 50 CSs, and derived effective temperatures and luminosities for most of them.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/783/4
- Title:
- Properties of Kepler multi-planet candidate systems
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/783/4
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The planet occurrence rate for multiple stars is important in two aspects. First, almost half of stellar systems in the solar neighborhood are multiple systems. Second, the comparison of the planet occurrence rate for multiple stars to that for single stars sheds light on the influence of stellar multiplicity on planet formation and evolution. We developed a method of distinguishing planet occurrence rates for single and multiple stars. From a sample of 138 bright (K_P_<13.5) Kepler multi-planet candidate systems, we compared the stellar multiplicity rate of these planet host stars to that of field stars. Using dynamical stability analyses and archival Doppler measurements, we find that the stellar multiplicity rate of planet host stars is significantly lower than field stars for semimajor axes less than 20AU, suggesting that planet formation and evolution are suppressed by the presence of a close-in companion star at these separations. The influence of stellar multiplicity at larger separations is uncertain because of search incompleteness due to a limited Doppler observation time baseline and a lack of high-resolution imaging observation. We calculated the planet confidence for the sample of multi-planet candidates and find that the planet confidences for KOI 82.01, KOI 115.01, KOI 282.01, and KOI 1781.02 are higher than 99.7% and thus validate the planetary nature of these four planet candidates. This sample of bright Kepler multi-planet candidates with refined stellar and orbital parameters, planet confidence estimation, and nearby stellar companion identification offers a well-characterized sample for future theoretical and observational study.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/436/1883
- Title:
- Properties of KOI host stars
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/436/1883
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We report rotation periods, variability characteristics, gyrochronological ages for ~950 of the Kepler Object of Interest host stars. We find a wide dispersion in the amplitude of the photometric variability as a function of rotation, likely indicating differences in the spot distribution among stars. We use these rotation periods in combination with published spectroscopic measurements of vsini and stellar parameters to derive the stellar inclination in the line of sight, and find a number of systems with possible spin-orbit misalignment. We additionally find several systems with close-in planet candidates whose stellar rotation periods are equal to or twice the planetary orbital period, indicative of possible tidal interactions between these planets and their parent stars. If these systems survive validation to become confirmed planets, they will provide important clues to the evolutionary history of these systems.