- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/614/A84
- Title:
- C/O vs Mg/Si ratios in solar type stars
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/614/A84
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We aim to present a detailed study of the magnesium-to-silicon and carbon-to-oxygen ratios (Mg/Si and C/O) and their importance in determining the mineralogy of planetary companions. Using 499 solar-like stars from the HARPS sample, we determined C/O and Mg/Si elemental abundance ratios to study the nature of the possible planets formed. We separated the planetary population in low-mass planets (<30M_{sun}_) and high-mass planets (>30M_{sun}_) to test for a possible relation with the mass. We find a diversity of mineralogical ratios that reveal the different kinds of planetary systems that can be formed, most of them dissimilar to our solar system. The different values of the Mg/Si and C/O can determine different composition of planets formed. {We found that 100% of our planetary sample present C/O<0.8. 86% of stars with high-mass companions present 0.8>C/O>0.4, while 14% present C/O values lower than 0.4. Regarding Mg/Si, all stars with low-mass planetary companion showed values between one and two, while 85% of the high-mass companion sample does. The other 15% showed Mg/Si values below one. No stars with planets were found with Mg/Si>2. Planet hosts with low-mass companions present C/O and Mg/Si similar to those found in the Sun, whereas stars with high-mass companions have lower C/O.
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Search Results
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/650/A66
- Title:
- DS Tuc A radial velocity curve
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/650/A66
- Date:
- 22 Feb 2022
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The observations of young close-in exoplanets are providing first indications of the characteristics of the population and, in turn, clues on the early stages of their evolution. Transiting planets at young ages are also key benchmarks for our understanding of planetary evolution through the verification of atmospheric escape models. We performed a radial velocity (RV) monitoring of the 40Myr old star DS Tuc A with HARPS at the ESO-3.6m to determine the planetary mass of its 8.14-days planet, first revealed by the NASA TESS satellite. We also observed two planetary transits with HARPS and ESPRESSO at ESO-VLT, to measure the Rossiter-McLaughlin (RM) effect and characterise the planetary atmosphere. We measured the high-energy emission of the host with XMM-Newton observations to investigate models for atmospheric evaporation. We employed Gaussian Processes (GP) regression to model the high level of the stellar activity, which is more than 40 times larger than the expected RV planetary signal. GPs were also used to correct the stellar contribution to the RV signal of the RM effect. We extracted the transmission spectrum of DS Tuc A b from the ESPRESSO data and searched for atmospheric elements/molecules either by single-line retrieval and by performing cross-correlation with a set of theoretical templates. Through a set of simulations, we evaluated different scenarios for the atmospheric photo-evaporation of the planet induced by the strong XUV stellar irradiation. While the stellar activity prevented us from obtaining a clear detection of the planetary signal from the RVs, we set a robust mass upper limit of 14.4Me for DS Tuc A b. We also confirm that the planetary system is almost (but not perfectly) aligned. The strong level of stellar activity hampers the detection of any atmospheric compounds, in line with other studies presented in the literature. The expected evolution of DS Tuc A b from our grid of models indicates that the planetary radius after the photo-evaporation phase will be 1.8-2.0Re, falling within the Fulton gap. The comparison of the available parameters of known young transiting planets with the distribution of their mature counterpart confirms that the former are characterised by a low density, with DS Tuc A b being one of the less dense. A clear determination of their distribution is still affected by the lack of a robust mass measurement, in particular for planets younger than ~100Myr.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/other/NatAs/5.707
- Title:
- Dwarf stars asteroseismic rotation rates
- Short Name:
- J/other/NatAs/5.
- Date:
- 17 Jan 2022 00:29:40
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Studies using asteroseismic ages and rotation rates from star-spot rotation have indicated that standard age-rotation relations may break down roughly half way through the main sequence lifetime, a phenomenon referred to as weakened magnetic braking. Although rotation rates from spots can be difficult to determine for older, less active stars, rotational splitting of asteroseismic oscillation frequencies can provide rotation rates for both active and quiescent stars, and so can confirm whether this effect really takes place on the main sequence. We obtained asteroseismic rotation rates of 91 main sequence stars showing high signal-to-noise modes of oscillation. Using these new rotation rates, along with effective temperatures, metallicities and seismic masses and ages, we built a hierarchical Bayesian mixture model to determine whether the ensemble more closely agreed with a standard rotational evolution scenario, or one where weakened magnetic braking takes place. The weakened magnetic braking scenario was found to be 98.4% more likely for our stellar ensemble, adding to the growing body of evidence for this stage of stellar rotational evolution. This work presents a large catalogue of seismic rotation rates for stars on the main sequence, which opens up possibilities for more detailed ensemble analysis of rotational evolution with Kepler.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/787/154
- Title:
- Elemental abundances of solar sibling candidates
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/787/154
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Dynamical information along with survey data on metallicity and in some cases age have been used recently by some authors to search for candidates of stars that were born in the cluster where the Sun formed. We have acquired high-resolution, high signal-to-noise ratio spectra for 30 of these objects to determine, using detailed elemental abundance analysis, if they could be true solar siblings. Only two of the candidates are found to have solar chemical composition. Updated modeling of the stars' past orbits in a realistic Galactic potential reveals that one of them, HD 162826, satisfies both chemical and dynamical conditions for being a sibling of the Sun. Measurements of rare-element abundances for this star further confirm its solar composition, with the only possible exception of Sm. Analysis of long-term high-precision radial velocity data rules out the presence of hot Jupiters and confirms that this star is not in a binary system. We find that chemical tagging does not necessarily benefit from studying as many elements as possible but instead from identifying and carefully measuring the abundances of those elements that show large star-to-star scatter at a given metallicity. Future searches employing data products from ongoing massive astrometric and spectroscopic surveys can be optimized by acknowledging this fact.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/414/351
- Title:
- ELODIE survey for northern extrasolar planets III
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/414/351
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present here the radial-velocity measurements for 9 solar-type stars: Ups And (HD 9826), HD 74156, 55 Cnc (HD 75732), 47 UMa (HD 95128), 70 Vir (HD 117176), 14 Her (HD 145675), HD 187123, HD 209458 and 51 Peg (HD 217014). These velocities were obtained using the ELODIE echelle spectrograph mounted on the 1.93-m telescope at the Observatoire de Haute-Provence (France) and the CORALIE echelle spectrograph mounted on the 1.2-m Euler Swiss telescope at the ESO-La Silla Observatory (Chile).
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/502/32
- Title:
- Evolutionary traits for stellar phylogenie
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/502/32
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Since chemical abundances are inherited between generations of stars, we use them to trace the evolutionary history of our Galaxy. We present a robust methodology for creating a phylogenetic tree, a biological tool used for centuries to study heritability. Combining our phylogeny with information on stellar ages and dynamical properties, we reconstruct the shared history of 78 stars in the Solar Neighbourhood. The branching pattern in our tree supports a scenario in which the thick disk is an ancestral population of the thin disk. The transition from thick to thin disk shows an anomaly, which we attribute to a star formation burst. Our tree shows a further signature of the variability in stars similar to the Sun, perhaps linked to a minor star formation enhancement creating our Solar System. In this paper, we demonstrate the immense potential of a phylogenetic perspective and interdisciplinary collaboration, where with borrowed techniques from biology we can study key processes that have contributed to the evolution of the Milky Way.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/895/52
- Title:
- EW and chemical abundances in 211 stars with HARPS
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/895/52
- Date:
- 15 Mar 2022 07:30:10
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Magnetic fields and stellar spots can alter the equivalent widths of absorption lines in stellar spectra, varying during the activity cycle. This also influences the information that we derive through spectroscopic analysis. In this study, we analyze high-resolution spectra of 211 sunlike stars observed at different phases of their activity cycles, in order to investigate how stellar activity affects the spectroscopic determination of stellar parameters and chemical abundances. We observe that the equivalent widths of lines can increase as a function of the activity index log R_HK_' during the stellar cycle, which also produces an artificial growth of the stellar microturbulence and a decrease in effective temperature and metallicity. This effect is visible for stars with activity indexes log R_HK_'>=-5.0 (i.e., younger than 4-5Gyr), and it is more significant at higher activity levels. These results have fundamental implications on several topics in astrophysics that are discussed in the paper, including stellar nucleosynthesis, chemical tagging, the study of Galactic chemical evolution, chemically anomalous stars, the structure of the Milky Way disk, stellar formation rates, photoevaporation of circumstellar disks, and planet hunting.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/633/A38
- Title:
- EW of 10 solar-type stars of Praesepe
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/633/A38
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Open clusters exquisitely track the Galactic disc chemical properties and its time evolution; a substantial number of studies and large spectroscopic surveys focus mostly on the chemical content of relatively old clusters (age>1Gyr). Interestingly, the less studied young counterpart populating the solar surrounding has been found to be solar (at most), with a notable surprising lack of young metal-rich objects. While there is wide consensus about the moderately above-solar composition of the Hyades cluster, the metallicity of Praesepe is still controversial. Recent studies suggest that these two clusters share identical chemical composition and age, but this conclusion is disputed. With the aim of reassessing the metallicity of Praesepe, and its difference (if any) with the Hyades cluster, we present in this paper a spectroscopic investigation of ten solar-type dwarf members. We exploited GIARPS at the TNG to acquire high-resolution, high-quality optical and near-IR spectra and derived stellar parameters, metallicity ([Fe/H]), light elements, alpha- and iron-peak elements, by using a strictly differential (line-by-line) approach. We also analysed in the very same way the solar spectrum and the Hyades solar analogue HD 28099. Our findings suggest that Praesepe is more metal-rich than the Hyades, at the level of [Fe/H]=+0.05+/-0.01dex, with a mean value of [Fe/H]=+0.21+/-0.01dex. All the other elements scale with iron, as expected. This result seems to reject the hypothesis of a common origin for these two open clusters. Most importantly, Praesepe is currently the most metal-rich, young open cluster living in the solar neighbourhood
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/384/491
- Title:
- Fast-rotating nearby solar-type stars. I.
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/384/491
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present the results of high-resolution spectroscopic and high-precision photometric observations on a sample of 129 late-F and G-type nearby stars selected on the basis of their large rotational velocity. Using also data from the Hipparcos satellite, CORAVEL and from the ROSAT satellite database, we infer spectral types, compute radial velocities, vsini, Li abundances and X-ray luminosities and investigate the single or binary nature of the sample stars. Such a careful analysis of our sample shows a large fraction of binaries (~62%) and of young single disk stars. In particular, at least 9 stars can be considered bona-fide PMS or ZAMS objects, and 30 stars are identified as SBs for the first time. Information on the presence of Ca II K emission and on optical variability is given for some of the stars of the sample. The photometry has been obtained at the European Southern Observatory (ESO-La silla, Chile) during several observing runs (19/11-03/12 1993, 24/11-04/12 1994, 15-28/01/1995 and 1-12/10/1995), by using the 50cm ESO telescope. The figures were published in paper II.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/724/866
- Title:
- Follow-up observations of HAT-P-15
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/724/866
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We report the discovery of HAT-P-15b, a transiting extrasolar planet in the "period valley," a relatively sparsely populated period regime of the known extrasolar planets. The host star, GSC 2883-01687, is a G5 dwarf with V=12.16. It has a mass of 1.01+/-0.04M_{sun}_, radius of 1.08+/-0.04R_{sun}_, effective temperature 5568+/-90K, and metallicity [Fe/H]=+0.22+/-0.08. The planetary companion orbits the star with a period P=10.863502+/-0.000027 days, transit epoch T_c_=2454638.56019+/-0.00048(BJD), and transit duration 0.2285+/-0.0015days. It has a mass of 1.946+/-0.066M_J_ and radius of 1.072+/-0.043R_J_ yielding a mean density of 1.96+/-0.22g/cm^3^. At an age of 6.8^+2.5^_-1.6_Gyr, the planet is H/He-dominated and theoretical models require about 2% (10M_{earth}_) worth of heavy elements to reproduce its measured radius. With an estimated equilibrium temperature of ~820K during transit, and ~1000K at occultation, HAT-P-15b is a potential candidate to study moderately cool planetary atmospheres by transmission and occultation spectroscopy.
