- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/850/181
- Title:
- Spectroscopic analysis of EDisCS clusters
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/850/181
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- A major question in galaxy formation is how the gas supply that fuels activity in galaxies is modulated by their environment. We use spectroscopy of a set of well-characterized clusters and groups at 0.4<z<0.8 from the ESO Distant Cluster Survey and compare it to identically selected field galaxies. Our spectroscopy allows us to isolate galaxies that are dominated by old stellar populations. Here we study a stellar-mass-limited sample (log(M*/M_{sun}_)>10.4) of these old galaxies with weak [OII] emission. We use line ratios and compare to studies of local early-type galaxies to conclude that this gas is likely excited by post-AGB stars and hence represents a diffuse gas component in the galaxies. For cluster and group galaxies the fraction with EW([OII])>5{AA} is f[OII]=0.08_-0.02_^+0.03^ and f[OII]=0.06_-0.04_^+0.07^, respectively. For field galaxies we find f[OII]=0.27_-0.06_^+0.07^, representing a 2.8{sigma} difference between the [OII] fractions for old galaxies between the different environments. We conclude that a population of old galaxies in all environments has ionized gas that likely stems from stellar mass loss. In the field galaxies also experience gas accretion from the cosmic web, and in groups and clusters these galaxies have had their gas accretion shut off by their environment. Additionally, galaxies with emission preferentially avoid the virialized region of the cluster in position-velocity space. We discuss the implications of our results, among which is that gas accretion shutoff is likely effective at group halo masses (logM/M_{sun}_>12.8) and that there are likely multiple gas removal processes happening in dense environments.
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Search Results
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/866/22
- Title:
- Spectroscopic analysis of Tuc III stream
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/866/22
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present a spectroscopic study of the tidal tails and core of the Milky Way satellite Tucana III, collectively referred to as the Tucana III stream, using the 2dF+AAOmega spectrograph on the Anglo-Australian Telescope and the IMACS spectrograph on the Magellan Baade Telescope. In addition to recovering the brightest nine previously known member stars in the Tucana III core, we identify 22 members in the tidal tails. We observe strong evidence for a velocity gradient of 8.0+/-0.4km/s/deg over at least 3{deg} on the sky. Based on the continuity in velocity, we confirm that the Tucana III tails are real tidal extensions of Tucana III. The large velocity gradient of the stream implies that Tucana III is likely on a radial orbit. We successfully obtain metallicities for four members in the core and 12 members in the tails. We find that members close to the ends of the stream tend to be more metal-poor than members in the core, indicating a possible metallicity gradient between the center of the progenitor halo and its edge. The spread in metallicity suggests that the progenitor of the Tucana III stream is likely a dwarf galaxy rather than a star cluster. Furthermore, we find that with the precise photometry of the Dark Energy Survey data, there is a discernible color offset between metal-rich disk stars and metal-poor stream members. This metallicity-dependent color offers a more efficient method to recognize metal-poor targets and will increase the selection efficiency of stream members for future spectroscopic follow-up programs on stellar streams.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/880/142
- Title:
- Spectroscopic members of COSMOS X-ray systems
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/880/142
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We investigate spectroscopic properties of galaxy systems identified based on deep X-ray observations in the Cosmic Evolution Survey (COSMOS) field. The COSMOS X-ray system catalog we use includes 180 X-ray systems to a limiting flux of 1.0x10^-15^erg/cm^2^/s, an order of magnitude deeper than the future e-ROSITA survey. We identify spectroscopic members of these X-ray systems based on the spectroscopic catalog constructed by compiling various spectroscopic surveys including 277 new measurements; 146 X-ray systems are spectroscopically identified groups with more than three spectroscopic members. We identify 2196 spectroscopic redshifts of member candidates in these X-ray systems. The X-ray luminosity (L_X_)-velocity dispersion ({sigma}_v_) scaling relation of the COSMOS X-ray systems is consistent with that of massive X-ray clusters. One of the distinctive features of the COSMOS survey is that it covers the X-ray luminosity range where poor groups overlap the range for extended emission associated with individual quiescent galaxies. We assess the challenges posed by the complex morphology of the distribution of systems with low X-ray luminosity, including groups and individual quiescent galaxies, in the L_x_-{sigma}_v_ plane.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/770/16
- Title:
- Spectroscopic members of Segue 2 galaxy
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/770/16
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Segue 2, discovered by Belokurov et al. (2009, Cat. J/MNRAS/397/1748), is a galaxy with a luminosity of only 900L_{sun}_. We present Keck/DEIMOS spectroscopy of 25 members of Segue 2 - a threefold increase in spectroscopic sample size. The velocity dispersion is too small to be measured with our data. The upper limit with 90% (95%) confidence is {sigma}_v_<2.2(2.6)km/s, the most stringent limit for any galaxy. The corresponding limit on the mass within the three-dimensional half-light radius (46pc) is M_1/2_<1.5(2.1)x10^5^M_{sun}_. Segue 2 is the least massive galaxy known. We identify Segue 2 as a galaxy rather than a star cluster based on the wide dispersion in [Fe/H] (from -2.85 to -1.33) among the member stars. The stars' [{alpha}/Fe] ratios decline with increasing [Fe/H], indicating that Segue 2 retained Type Ia supernova ejecta despite its presently small mass and that star formation lasted for at least 100 Myr. The mean metallicity, <[Fe/H]>=-2.22+/-0.13 (about the same as the Ursa Minor galaxy, 330 times more luminous than Segue 2), is higher than expected from the luminosity-metallicity relation defined by more luminous dwarf galaxy satellites of the Milky Way. Segue 2 may be the barest remnant of a tidally stripped, Ursa Minor-sized galaxy. If so, it is the best example of an ultra-faint dwarf galaxy that came to be ultra-faint through tidal stripping. Alternatively, Segue 2 could have been born in a very low mass dark matter subhalo (v_max_<10km/s), below the atomic hydrogen cooling limit.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/751/46
- Title:
- Spectroscopic observations in VV124 (UGC 4879)
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/751/46
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- VV124 (UGC 4879) is an isolated, dwarf irregular/dwarf spheroidal (dIrr/dSph) transition-type galaxy at a distance of 1.36 Mpc. Previous low-resolution spectroscopy yielded inconsistent radial velocities for different components of the galaxy, and photometry hinted at the presence of a stellar disk. In order to quantify the stellar dynamics, we observed individual red giants in VV124 with the Keck/Deep Extragalactic Imaging Multi-Object Spectrograph (DEIMOS). We validated members based on their positions in the color-magnitude diagram, radial velocities, and spectral features. Our sample contains 67 members. The average radial velocity is <v_r_>=-29.1+/-1.3km/s in agreement with the previous radio measurements of H I gas. The velocity distribution is Gaussian, indicating that VV124 is supported primarily by velocity dispersion inside a radius of 1.5 kpc. Outside that radius, our measurements provide only an upper limit of 8.6km/s on any rotation in the photometric disk-like feature. The velocity dispersion is {sigma}_v_=9.4+/-1.0km/s, from which we inferred a mass of M_1/2_=(2.1 +/-0.2)x10^7^M_{sun}_ and a mass-to-light ratio of (M/L_V_)_1/2_=5.2+/-1.1M_{sun}_/L_{sun}_, both measured within the half-light radius. Thus, VV124 contains dark matter. We also measured the metallicity distribution from neutral iron lines. The average metallicity, <[Fe/H]>=-1.14+/-0.06, is consistent with the mass-metallicity relation defined by dSph galaxies. The dynamics and metallicity distribution of VV124 appear similar to dSphs of similar stellar mass.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/841/7
- Title:
- Spectroscopic obs & members of ZwCl 2341+0000
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/841/7
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- ZwCl 2341.1+0000, a merging galaxy cluster with disturbed X-ray morphology and widely separated (~3Mpc) double radio relics, was thought to be an extremely massive (10-30x10^14^M_{sun}_) and complex system, with little known about its merger history. We present JVLA 2-4GHz observations of the cluster, along with new spectroscopy from our Keck/DEIMOS survey, and apply Gaussian Mixture Modeling to the three-dimensional distribution of 227 confirmed cluster galaxies. After adopting the Bayesian Information Criterion to avoid overfitting, which we discover can bias high the total dynamical mass estimates, we find that a three-substructure model with a total dynamical mass estimate of 9.39+/-0.81x10^14^M_{sun}_ is favored. We also present deep Subaru imaging and perform the first weak lensing analysis on this system, obtaining a weak lensing mass estimate of 5.57+/-2.47x10^14^M_{sun}_. This is a more robust estimate because it does not depend on the dynamical state of the system, which is disturbed due to the merger. Our results indicate that ZwCl2341.1+0000 is a multiple merger system comprised of at least three substructures, with the main merger that produced the radio relics occurring near the plane of the sky, and a younger merger in the north occurring closer to the line of sight. Dynamical modeling of the main merger reproduces observed quantities (relic positions and polarizations, subcluster separation and radial velocity difference), if the merger axis angle of ~10_-6_^+34^ degrees and the collision speed at pericenter is ~1900_-200_^+300^km/s.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/793/39
- Title:
- Spectroscopic properties of BOSS compact galaxies
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/793/39
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Massive compact systems at 0.2<z<0.6 are the missing link between the predominantly compact population of massive quiescent galaxies at high redshift and their analogs and relics in the local volume. The evolution in number density of these extreme objects over cosmic time is the crucial constraining factor for the models of massive galaxy assembly. We select a large sample of ~200 intermediate-redshift massive compacts from the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS) spectroscopy by identifying point-like Sloan Digital Sky Survey photometric sources with spectroscopic signatures of evolved redshifted galaxies. A subset of our targets have publicly available high-resolution ground-based images that we use to augment the dynamical and stellar population properties of these systems by their structural parameters. We confirm that all BOSS compact candidates are as compact as their high-redshift massive counterparts and less than half the size of similarly massive systems at z~0. We use the completeness-corrected numbers of BOSS compacts to compute lower limits on their number densities in narrow redshift bins spanning the range of our sample. The abundance of extremely dense quiescent galaxies at 0.2<z<0.6 is in excellent agreement with the number densities of these systems at high redshift. Our lower limits support the models of massive galaxy assembly through a series of minor mergers over the redshift range 0<z<2.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/863/102
- Title:
- Spectroscopic redshift catalog in A2142 field
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/863/102
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- To investigate the dynamics of the galaxy cluster A2142, we compile an extended catalog of 2239 spectroscopic redshifts of sources, including 237 newly measured redshifts, within 30 arcmin from the cluster center. With the {sigma}-plateau algorithm from the caustic method, we identify 868 members and a number of substructures in the galaxy distribution both in the outskirts, out to ~3.5Mpc from the cluster center, and in the central region. In the outskirts, one substructure overlaps a falling clump of gas previously identified in the X-ray band. These substructures suggest the presence of multiple minor mergers, which are responsible for the complex dynamics of A2142, and the absence of recent or ongoing major mergers. We show that the distribution of the galaxies in the cluster core and in several substructures is consistent with the mass distribution inferred from the weak-lensing signal. Moreover, we use spatially resolved X-ray spectroscopy to measure the redshift of different regions of the intracluster medium within ~3 arcmin from the cluster center. We find a ring of gas near the two X-ray cold fronts identified in previous analyses and measure a velocity of this ring of 810+/-330km/s larger than the cluster mean velocity. Our analysis suggests the presence of another ring surrounding the core, whose velocity is 660+/-300km/s larger than the cluster velocity. These X-ray features are not associated with any optical substructures, and support the core-sloshing scenario suggested in previous work.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/756/139
- Title:
- Spectroscopic redshifts of galaxies in groups
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/756/139
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present the global group properties of two samples of galaxy groups containing 39 high-quality X-ray-selected systems and 38 optically (spectroscopically) selected systems in coincident spatial regions at 0.12<z<0.79. The total mass range of the combined sample is ~(10^12^-5)x10^14^M_{sun}_. Only nine optical systems are associable with X-ray systems. We discuss the confusion inherent in the matching of both galaxies to extended X-ray emission and of X-ray emission to already identified optical systems. Extensive spectroscopy has been obtained and the resultant redshift catalog and group membership are provided here. X-ray, dynamical, and total stellar masses of the groups are also derived and presented. We explore the effects of utilizing different centers and applying three different kinds of radial cut to our systems: a constant cut of 1Mpc and two r_200_ cuts, one based on the velocity dispersion of the system and the other on the X-ray emission.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/211/21
- Title:
- Spectroscopic redshifts of galaxies in MACS
- Short Name:
- J/ApJS/211/21
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present a catalog of 1921 spectroscopic redshifts measured in the fields of the massive galaxy clusters MACSJ0416.1-2403 (z=0.397), MACSJ0717.5+3745 (z=0.546), and MACSJ1149.5+2223 (z=0.544), i.e., three of the four clusters selected by Space Telescope Science Institute as the targets of the Frontier Fields (FFs) initiative for studies of the distant Universe via gravitational lensing. Compiled in the course of the Massive Cluster Survey project (MACS) that detected the FF clusters, this catalog is provided to the community for three purposes: (1) to allow the identification of cluster members for studies of the galaxy population of these extreme systems, (2) to facilitate the removal of unlensed galaxies and thus reduce shear dilution in weak-lensing analyses, and (3) to improve the calibration of photometric redshifts based on both ground- and spacebased observations of the FF clusters.