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381. Massive stars in two giant molecular clouds
ID:
ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/569/A20
Title:
Massive stars in two giant molecular clouds
Short Name:
J/A+A/569/A20
Date:
21 Oct 2021
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
Young massive stars and stellar clusters continuously form in the Galactic disk, generating new HII regions within their natal giant molecular clouds and subsequently enriching the interstellar medium via their winds and supernovae. Massive stars are among the brightest infrared stars in such regions; their identification permits the characterisation of the star formation history of the associated cloud as well as constraining the location of stellar aggregates and hence their occurrence as a function of global environment. We present a stellar spectroscopic survey in the direction of the giant molecular cloud G23.3-0.3. This complex is located at a distance of ~4-5kpc, and consists of several HII regions and supernova remnants. We discovered 11 Of_K_^+^ stars, one candidate luminous blue variable, several OB stars, and candidate red supergiants. Stars with K-band extinction from ~1.3-1.9mag appear to be associated with the GMC G23.3-0.3; O and B-types satisfying this criterion have spectrophotometric distances consistent with that of the giant molecular cloud. Combining near-IR spectroscopic and photometric data allowed us to characterize the multiple sites of star formation within it. The O-type stars have masses from ~25-45M_{sun}_, and ages of 5-8Myr. Two new red supergiants were detected with interstellar extinction typical of the cloud; along with the two RSGs within the cluster GLIMPSE9, they trace an older burst with an age of 20-30Myr. Massive stars were also detected in the core of three supernova remnants - W41, G22.7-0.2, and G22.7583-0.4917. A large population of massive stars appears associated with the GMC G23.3-0.3, with the properties inferred for them indicative of an extended history of stars formation.
382. Massive star variability in M31 from iPTF
ID:
ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/893/11
Title:
Massive star variability in M31 from iPTF
Short Name:
J/ApJ/893/11
Date:
21 Oct 2021
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
Using data from the (intermediate) Palomar Transient Factory (iPTF), we characterize the time variability of ~500 massive stars in M31. Our sample is those stars that are spectrally typed by Massey and collaborators, including Luminous Blue Variables, Wolf-Rayets, and warm and cool supergiants. We use the high-cadence, long-baseline (~5yr) data from the iPTF survey, coupled with data-processing tools that model complex features in the light curves. We find widespread photometric (R-band) variability in the upper Hertzsprung Russell diagram (or CMD) with an increasing prevalence of variability with later spectral types. Red stars (V-I>1.5) exhibit larger amplitude fluctuations than their bluer counterparts. We extract a characteristic variability timescale, t_ch_, via wavelet transformations that are sensitive to both continuous and localized fluctuations. Cool supergiants are characterized by longer timescales (>100 days) than the hotter stars. The latter have typical timescales of tens of days but cover a wider range, from our resolution limit of a few days to longer than 100 days. Using a 60 night block of data straddling two nights with a cadence of around 2 minutes, we extracted t_ch_ in the range 0.1-10 days with amplitudes of a few percent for 13 stars. Though there is broad agreement between the observed variability characteristics in the different parts of the upper CMD with theoretical predictions, detailed comparison requires models with a more comprehensive treatment of the various physical processes operating in these stars, such as pulsation, subsurface convection, and the effect of binary companions.
383. Mass-loss return from LMC evolved stars. VI.
ID:
ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/753/71
Title:
Mass-loss return from LMC evolved stars. VI.
Short Name:
J/ApJ/753/71
Date:
21 Oct 2021
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
We present results from the first application of the Grid of Red Supergiant and Asymptotic Giant Branch ModelS (GRAMS) model grid to the entire evolved stellar population of the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC). GRAMS is a pre-computed grid of 80843 radiative transfer models of evolved stars and circumstellar dust shells composed of either silicate or carbonaceous dust. We fit GRAMS models to ~30000 asymptotic giant branch (AGB) and red supergiant (RSG) stars in the LMC, using 12 bands of photometry from the optical to the mid-infrared. Our published data set consists of thousands of evolved stars with individually determined evolutionary parameters such as luminosity and mass-loss rate. The GRAMS grid has a greater than 80% accuracy rate discriminating between oxygen- and carbon-rich chemistry.
384. 2MASS view of Sgr dSph. VII. Kinematics
ID:
ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/756/74
Title:
2MASS view of Sgr dSph. VII. Kinematics
Short Name:
J/ApJ/756/74
Date:
21 Oct 2021
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
We have assembled a large-area spectroscopic survey of giant stars in the Sagittarius (Sgr) dwarf galaxy core. Using medium resolution (R~15000), multifiber spectroscopy we have measured velocities of these stars, which extend up to 12{deg} from the galaxy's center (3.7 core radii or 0.4 times the King limiting radius). From these high-quality spectra we identify 1310 Sgr members out of 2296 stars surveyed, distributed across 24 different fields across the Sgr core. Additional slit spectra were obtained of stars bridging from the Sgr core to its trailing tail. Our systematic, large-area sample shows no evidence for significant rotation, a result at odds with the ~20km/s rotation required as an explanation for the bifurcation seen in the Sgr tidal stream; the observed small (<=4km/s) velocity trend primarily along the major axis is consistent with models of the projected motion of an extended body on the sky with no need for intrinsic rotation. The Sgr core is found to have a flat velocity dispersion (except for a kinematically colder center point) across its surveyed extent and into its tidal tails, a property that matches the velocity dispersion profiles measured for other Milky Way dwarf spheroidal (dSph) galaxies. We comment on the possible significance of this observed kinematical similarity for the dynamical state of the other classical Milky Way dSphs in light of the fact that Sgr is clearly a strongly tidally disrupted system.
385. Melotte 71 red giants radial velocities
ID:
ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/324/91
Title:
Melotte 71 red giants radial velocities
Short Name:
J/A+A/324/91
Date:
21 Oct 2021
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
New CORAVEL radial-velocity observations and UBV photometry of 24 red giants in the field of the intermediate-age open cluster Mel 71 are analysed for membership and duplicity. The membership of 16 stars is confirmed, one star is a possible member, and 8 spectroscopic binaries have been discovered, all amongst the cluster stars. Four of their orbits have been determined, with periods ranging from 74 to 1627 days. The mean cluster velocity is +50.14+/-0.14 (s.e.)km/s, and the binary frequency is unusually high (8/16=50%). The best isochrone fit to the observed colour-magnitude digram is obtained for logt=9.00 and Z=0.008. However, some discrepancies appear between the observed and predicted locations of the red giant clump.
386. Metallicities of RGB stars in dwarf galaxies
ID:
ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/779/102
Title:
Metallicities of RGB stars in dwarf galaxies
Short Name:
J/ApJ/779/102
Date:
21 Oct 2021
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
We present spectroscopic metallicities of individual stars in seven gas-rich dwarf irregular galaxies (dIrrs), and we show that dIrrs obey the same mass-metallicity relation as the dwarf spheroidal (dSph) satellites of both the Milky Way and M31: Z_{star}_{propto}M_{star}_^0.30+/-0.02^. The uniformity of the relation is in contradiction to previous estimates of metallicity based on photometry. This relationship is roughly continuous with the stellar mass-stellar metallicity relation for galaxies as massive as M_*_=10^12^M_{sun}_. Although the average metallicities of dwarf galaxies depend only on stellar mass, the shapes of their metallicity distributions depend on galaxy type. The metallicity distributions of dIrrs resemble simple, leaky box chemical evolution models, whereas dSphs require an additional parameter, such as gas accretion, to explain the shapes of their metallicity distributions. Furthermore, the metallicity distributions of the more luminous dSphs have sharp, metal-rich cut-offs that are consistent with the sudden truncation of star formation due to ram pressure stripping.
387. Metallicity of bulge clump giants in Baade's window
ID:
ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/534/A80
Title:
Metallicity of bulge clump giants in Baade's window
Short Name:
J/A+A/534/A80
Date:
21 Oct 2021
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
We seek to constrain the formation of the Galactic bulge by means of analysing the detailed chemical composition of a large sample of red clump stars in Baade's window. These stars were selected to minimise the contamination by other Galactic components, so they are good tracers of the bulge metallicity distribution in Baade's window, at least for stars more metal-rich than ~-1.5. We used an automatic procedure to measure [Fe/H] in a sample of 219 bulge red clump stars from R=20000 resolution spectra obtained with FLAMES/GIRAFFE at the VLT. The analysis was performed differentially with respect to the metal-rich local reference star MuLeo. For a subsample of 162 stars, we also derived [Mg/H] from spectral synthesis around the MgI triplet at 6319{AA}. The Fe and Mg metallicity distributions are both asymmetric with median values of +0.16 and +0.21, respectively. They show only a small proportion of stars at low metallicities, extending down to [Fe/H]=-1.1 or [Mg/H]=-0.7 The iron distribution is clearly bimodal, as revealed both by a deconvolution (from observational errors) and a Gaussian decomposition. The decomposition of the observed Fe and Mg metallicity distributions into Gaussian components yields two populations of equal sizes (50% each): a metal-poor component centred on [Fe/H]=-0.30 and [Mg/H]=-0.06 with a large dispersion and a narrow metal-rich component centred on [Fe/H]=+0.32 and [Mg/H]=+0.35. The metal-poor component shows high [Mg/Fe] ratios (around 0.3), while stars in the metal-rich component are found to have near solar ratios. Kinematical differences between the two components have also been found: the metal-poor component shows kinematics compatible with an old spheroid, while the metal-rich component is consistent with a population supporting a bar. In view of their chemical and kinematical properties, we suggest different formation scenarii for the two populations: a rapid formation time scale as an old spheroid for the metal-poor component (old bulge) and for the metal-rich component, a formation on a longer time scale driven by the evolution of the bar (pseudo-bulge).
388. Metal-poor field stars abundances
ID:
ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/354/169
Title:
Metal-poor field stars abundances
Short Name:
J/A+A/354/169
Date:
21 Oct 2021
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
We have determined Li, C, N, O, Na, and Fe abundances, and ^12^C/^13^C isotopic ratios for a sample of 62 field metal-poor stars in the metallicity range -2<=[Fe/H]<=-1. Stars were selected in order to have accurate luminosity estimates from the literature, so that evolutionary phases could be clearly determined for each star. We further enlarged this dataset by adding 43 more stars having accurate abundances for some of these elements and similarly well defined luminosities from the literature.
389. Metal-poor giant Boo-1137 abundances
ID:
ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/711/350
Title:
Metal-poor giant Boo-1137 abundances
Short Name:
J/ApJ/711/350
Date:
21 Oct 2021
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
We present high-resolution (R~40000), high-signal-to-noise ratio (20-90) spectra of an extremely metal-poor giant star Boo-1137 in the "ultra-faint" dwarf spheroidal galaxy (dSph) Bootes I, absolute magnitude M_V_~-6.3. We derive an iron abundance of [Fe/H]=-3.7, making this the most metal-poor star as yet identified in an ultra-faint dSph. Our derived effective temperature and gravity are consistent with its identification as a red giant in Bootes I. Abundances for a further 15 elements have also been determined. Comparison of the relative abundances, [X/Fe], with those of the extremely metal-poor red giants of the Galactic halo shows that Boo-1137 is "normal" with respect to C and N, the odd-Z elements Na and Al, the iron-peak elements, and the neutron-capture elements Sr and Ba, in comparison with the bulk of the Milky Way halo population having [Fe/H]<~-3.0. The {alpha}-elements Mg, Si, Ca, and Ti are all higher by {Delta}[X/Fe]~0.2 than the average halo values. Monte Carlo analysis indicates that {Delta}[{alpha}/Fe] values this large are expected with a probability ~0.02. The elemental abundance pattern in Boo-1137 suggests inhomogeneous chemical evolution, consistent with the wide internal spread in iron abundances we previously reported.
390. M giants in Cassiopeia
ID:
ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/PASJ/33/107
Title:
M giants in Cassiopeia
Short Name:
J/PASJ/33/107
Date:
21 Oct 2021
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
Coordinates and identifications for M-type stars in Cassiopeia

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