- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/324/505
- Title:
- Core velocity dispersions of globular clusters
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/324/505
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present, for 25 Galactic and 10 old Magellanic globular clusters, projected velocity dispersion ({sigma}_p_) measurements obtained by applying a cross-correlation technique to integrated-light spectra. In order to understand and estimate the statistical errors of these measurements due to small numbers of bright stars dominating the integrated light, we provide an extensive discussion based on detailed numerical simulations. These errors are smaller if the integration area is larger and/or the cluster concentration higher. The simulations show that measurements are reliable when the integrated light within the integration area is brighter than a given magnitude. The statistical errors on the {sigma}_p_ measurements of Magellanic globular clusters are small because of a physically large integration area, whereas they can be important for measurements carried out over small central areas in Galactic clusters. The present observational results are used to outline a few characteristics of the globular cluster fundamental plane. In this respect, the old Magellanic globular clusters appear similar to the Galactic clusters.
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Search Results
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/237/18
- Title:
- Cr, Co, and Ni abundances for metal-poor red giants
- Short Name:
- J/ApJS/237/18
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present measurements of the abundances of chromium, cobalt, and nickel in 4113 red giants, including 2277 stars in globular clusters (GCs), 1820 stars in the Milky Way's dwarf satellite galaxies, and 16 field stars. We measured the abundances from mostly archival Keck/DEIMOS medium-resolution spectroscopy with a resolving power of R~6500 and a wavelength range of approximately 6500-9000{AA}. The abundances were determined by fitting spectral regions that contain absorption lines of the elements under consideration. We used estimates of temperature, surface gravity, and metallicity that we previously determined from the same spectra. We estimated systematic error by examining the dispersion of abundances within mono- metallic GCs. The median uncertainties for [Cr/Fe], [Co/Fe], and [Ni/Fe] are 0.20, 0.20, and 0.13, respectively. Finally, we validated our estimations of uncertainty through duplicate measurements, and we evaluated the accuracy and precision of our measurements through comparison to high-resolution spectroscopic measurements of the same stars.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/154/85
- Title:
- CTIO/DECam photometry of RR Lyrae stars in M5
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/154/85
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We characterize the absolute magnitudes and colors of RR Lyrae stars in the globular cluster M5 in the ugriz filter system of the Dark Energy Camera (DECam). We provide empirical period-luminosity (P-L) relationships in all five bands based on 47 RR Lyrae stars of the type ab and 14 stars of the type c. The P-L relationships were found to be better constrained for the fundamental-mode RR Lyrae stars in the riz passbands, with dispersions of 0.03, 0.02 and 0.02mag, respectively. The dispersion of the color at minimum light was found to be small, supporting the use of this parameter as a means to obtain accurate interstellar extinctions along the line of sight up to the distance of the RR Lyrae star. We found a trend of color at minimum light with a pulsational period that, if taken into account, brings the dispersion in color at minimum light to 0.016 mag for the (r-i), (i-z), and (r-z) colors. These calibrations will be very useful for using RR Lyrae stars from DECam observations as both standard candles for distance determinations and color standards for reddening measurements.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/433/43
- Title:
- C-T1 phot. of NGC 4636 globular cluster system
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/433/43
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Previous smaller-scale studies of the globular cluster system of NGC 4636, an elliptical galaxy in the southern part of the Virgo cluster, have revealed an unusually rich globular cluster system. We re-investigate the cluster system of NGC 4636 with wide-field Washington photometry.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/367/156
- Title:
- C-T1 photometry in NGC 1374, 1379 and 1387
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/367/156
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present a photometric study of the globular cluster systems (GCSs) of the Fornax cluster galaxies NGC 1374, NGC 1379 and NGC 1387. The data consist of images from the wide-field MOSAIC imager of the Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory (CTIO) 4-m telescope, obtained with Washington C and Kron-Cousins R filters. The images cover a field of 36x36arcmin^2^, corresponding to 200x200kpc^2^ at the Fornax distance. Two of the galaxies, NGC 1374 and NGC 1379, are low-luminosity ellipticals while NGC 1387 is a low-luminosity lenticular. Their cluster systems are still embedded in the cluster system of NGC 1399. Therefore, the use of a large field is crucial and some differences to previous work can be explained by this. The colour distributions of all GCSs are bimodal. NGC 1387 presents a particularly distinct separation between red and blue clusters and an over-proportionally large population of red clusters. The radial distribution is different for blue and red clusters, red clusters being more concentrated towards the respective galaxies. The different colour and radial distributions point to the existence of two globular cluster subpopulations in these galaxies. Specific frequencies are in the range S_N_=1.4-2.4, smaller than the typical values for elliptical galaxies. These galaxies might have suffered tidal stripping of blue globular clusters by NGC 1399.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/382/1947
- Title:
- CT1 photometry in NGC 1399 and NGC 4486
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/382/1947
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- This paper explores the quantitative connection between globular clusters and the diffuse stellar population of the galaxies they are associated with. Both NGC 1399 and NGC 4486 (M87) are well suited for this kind of analysis due to their large globular cluster populations. The main assumption of our Monte Carlo based models is that each globular cluster is formed along with a given diffuse stellar mass that shares the same spatial distribution, chemical composition and age. The main globular cluster subpopulations, that determine the observed bimodal colour distribution, are decomposed avoiding a priori parametric (e.g. Gaussian) fits and using a new colour (C-T1)-metallicity relation. The eventual detectability of a blue tilt in the colour-magnitude diagrams of the blue globular cluster subpopulation is also addressed.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/134/229
- Title:
- CT1T2 Photometry of red giants in 2 globulars
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/134/229
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present Washington photometry of the giant branches of the relatively metal-rich globular cluster NGC 6388 and compare it with 47 Tuc. By examining the spatial distribution of stellar colors across the red giant branch and using spectroscopic data on several bright giants, we found that NGC 6388's center is affected by differential reddening of at least {DELTA}E(B-V)~0.1. Most of the width of the red giant branch is caused by that differential reddening. The southeastern outer regions of the cluster seem to be less affected by variable dust extinction, and we find that NGC 6388 is slightly more metal-rich than 47 Tuc, with a distinct asymptotic giant branch. We have put an upper limit on possible variations in [Fe/H] for NGC 6388, finding that it must be less than ~0.2dex. It is unlikely that such a small range in metallicity could be responsible for the blue horizontal branch and blue tail stars in a cluster with a metallicity similar to the more massive 47 Tuc, which only exhibits a red horizontal branch.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/875/L13
- Title:
- DECam r and i magnitudes in the Fornax 6 cluster
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/875/L13
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Since first noticed by Shapley in 1939, a faint object coincident with the Fornax dwarf spheroidal has long been discussed as a possible sixth globular cluster (GC) system. However, debate has continued over whether this overdensity is a statistical artifact or a blended galaxy group. In this Letter we demonstrate, using deep DECam imaging data, that this object is well resolved into stars and is a bona fide star cluster. The stellar overdensity of this cluster is statistically significant at the level of ~6-6.7{sigma} in several different photometric catalogs including Gaia. Therefore, it is highly unlikely to be caused by random fluctuation. We show that Fornax 6 is a star cluster with a peculiarly low surface brightness and irregular shape, which may indicate a strong tidal influence from its host galaxy. The Hess diagram of Fornax 6 is largely consistent with that of Fornax field stars, but it appears to be slightly bluer. However, it is still likely more metal-rich than most of the GCs in the system. Faint clusters like Fornax 6 that orbit and potentially get disrupted in the centers of dwarf galaxies can prove crucial for constraining the dark matter distribution in Milky Way satellites.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/204/14
- Title:
- Deep Chandra observations of NGC 4649. I.
- Short Name:
- J/ApJS/204/14
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present the X-ray source catalog for the Chandra monitoring observations of the elliptical galaxy, NGC 4649 (M60). The galaxy has been observed with Chandra ACIS-S3 in six separate pointings, reaching a total exposure of 299ks. There are 501 X-ray sources detected in the 0.3-8.0keV band in the merged observation or in one of the six individual observations; 399 sources are located within the D_25_ ellipse. The observed 0.3-8.0keV luminosities of these 501 sources range from 9.3x10^36^erg/s to 5.4x10^39^erg/s. The 90% detection completeness limit within the D_25_ ellipse is 5.5x10^37^erg/s. Based on the surface density of background active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and detection completeness, we expect ~45 background AGNs among the catalog sources (~15 within the D_25_ ellipse). There are nine sources with luminosities greater than 10^39^erg/s, which are candidates for ultraluminous X-ray sources. The nuclear source of NGC 4649 is a low-luminosity AGN, with an intrinsic 2.0-8.0keV X-ray luminosity of 1.5x10^38^erg/s. The X-ray colors suggest that the majority of the catalog sources are low-mass X-ray binaries (LMXBs). We find that 164 of the 501 X-ray sources show long-term variability, indicating that they are accreting compact objects. We discover four transient candidates and another four potential transients. We also identify 173 X-ray sources (141 within the D_25_ ellipse) that are associated with globular clusters (GCs) based on Hubble Space Telescope and ground-based data; these LMXBs tend to be hosted by red GCs. Although NGC 4649 has a much larger population of X-ray sources than the structurally similar early-type galaxies, NGC 3379 and NGC 4278, the X-ray source properties are comparable in all three systems.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/862/73
- Title:
- Deep Chandra obs. of X-ray point sources in M87
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/862/73
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present a study of X-ray source populations in M87, the cD galaxy of the Virgo cluster, using 12 archival Chandra observations with a total exposure of ~680ks spanning about a decade. A total of 346 point-like sources are detected down to a limiting 0.5-8keV luminosity of 4x10^37^erg/s and out to a galactocentric radius of ~40kpc. We cross-correlate the X-ray sources with published catalogs of globular clusters (GCs), derived from the ACS Virgo Cluster Survey and the Next Generation Virgo Cluster Survey. This results in 122 matches, making it one of the largest samples of GC-hosting X-ray sources in an external galaxy. These sources, most likely low-mass X-ray binaries (LMXBs), correspond to ~5% of all known GCs within the Chandra field-of-view. Conversely, ~50% of the detected X-ray sources are found in a GC. Moreover, red (metal-rich) GCs are ~2.2 times more likely to host an X-ray source than blue (metal-poor) GCs. We also examine 76 currently known ultra-compact dwarf galaxies around M87 but find no significant X-ray counterparts. After statistically accounting for the cosmic X-ray background, we identify ~110 field-LMXBs. The GC-LMXBs and field-LMXBs differ in their luminosity function and radial distribution, which indicates that the latter cannot be primarily originated from GCs. Using another set of deep Chandra observations toward ~100kpc northwest of the M87 center, we statistically constrain the abundance of field-LMXBs in the stellar halo, which is consistent with that found in the central region. We also identify 40 variable X-ray sources, among which one source is likely a black hole binary residing in a GC.
