- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/454/4335
- Title:
- Multiwavelenght photometry of Sh 2-138 YSOs
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/454/4335
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present a multiwavelength study of the Sh 2-138, a Galactic compact HII region. The data comprise of optical and near-infrared (NIR) photometric and spectroscopic observations from the 2-m Himalayan Chandra} Telescope, radio observations from the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT), and archival data covering radio through NIR wavelengths. A total of 10 Class I and 54 Class II young stellar objects (YSOs) are identified in a 4.6-arcminx4.6-arcmin area of the Sh 2-138 region. Five compact ionized clumps, with four lacking of any optical or NIR counterparts, are identified using the 1280MHz radio map, and correspond to sources with spectral type earlier than B0.5. Free-free emission spectral energy distribution fitting of the central compact HII region yields an electron density of ~2250+/-400cm^-3^. With the aid of a wide range of spectra, from 0.5-15{mu}m, the central brightest source - previously hypothesized to be the main ionizing source - is characterized as a Herbig Be type star. At large scale (15-arcminx15-arcmin), the Herschel images (70-500{mu}m) and the nearest neighbour analysis of YSOs suggest the formation of an isolated cluster at the junction of filaments. Furthermore, using a greybody fit to the dust spectrum, the cluster is found to be associated with the highest column density (~3x10^22^cm^-2^) and high temperature (~35K) regime, as well as with the radio continuum emission. The mass of the central clump seen in the column density map is estimated to be ~3770M_{sun}_.
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- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/600/A93
- Title:
- Multiwavelength fluxes of RCW120
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/600/A93
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The expansion of HII regions can trigger the formation of stars. An overdensity of young stellar objects (YSOs) is observed at the edges of HII regions but the mechanisms that give rise to this phenomenon are not clearly identified. Moreover, it is difficult to establish a causal link between HII-region expansion and the star formation observed at the edges of these regions. A clear age gradient observed in the spatial distribution of young sources in the surrounding might be a strong argument in favor of triggering. We have observed the Galactic HII region RCW120 with Herschel PACS and SPIRE photometers at 70, 100, 160, 250, 350 and 500um. We produced temperature and H_2_ column density maps and use the getsources algorithm to detect compact sources and measure their fluxes at Herschel wavelengths. We have complemented these fluxes with existing infrared data. Fitting their spectral energy distributions (SEDs) with a modified blackbody model, we derived their envelope dust temperature and envelope mass. We computed their bolometric luminosities and discuss their evolutionary stages. The Herschel data, with their unique sampling of the far infrared domain, have allowed us to characterize the properties of compact sources observed towards RCW120 for the first time. We have also been able to determine the envelope temperature, envelope mass and evolutionary stage of these sources. Using these properties we have shown that the density of the condensations that host star formation is a key parameter of the star-formation history, irrespective of their projected distance to the ionizing stars.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/461/2502
- Title:
- Multiwavelength study of HII region S311
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/461/2502
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present a multiwavelength investigation of the young stellar population and star formation activities around the HII region Sharpless 311. Using our deep near-infrared observations and archival Spitzer-IRAC observations, we have detected a total of 125 young stellar objects (YSOs) in an area of ~86 arcmin^2^. The YSO sample includes eight Class I and 117 Class II candidate YSOs. The mass completeness of the identified YSO sample is estimated to be 1.0M_{sun}_. The ages and masses of the majority of the candidate YSOs are estimated to be in the range ~0.1-5Myr and ~0.3-6M_{sun}_, respectively. The 8um image of S311 displays an approximately spherical cavity around the ionizing source, which was possibly created by the expansion of the H ii region. The spatial distribution of the candidate YSOs reveals that a significant number of them are distributed systematically along the 8-{mu}m emission with a majority clustered around the eastern border of the HII region. Four clumps/compact HII regions are detected in the radio continuum observations at 1280MHz, which may have been formed during the expansion of the HII region. The estimated dynamical age of the region, main-sequence lifetime of the ionizing source, the spatial distribution and ages of the candidate YSOs indicate triggered star formation in the complex.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/789/81
- Title:
- Multiwavelength survey of HII regions in NGC 300
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/789/81
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present the results of a galaxy-wide study of molecular gas and star formation in a sample of 76 H II regions in the nearby spiral galaxy NGC 300. We have measured the molecular gas at 250pc scales using pointed CO(J=2-1) observations with the Atacama Pathfinder Experiment telescope. We detect CO in 42 of our targets, deriving molecular gas masses ranging from our sensitivity limit of ~10^5^M_{sun}_ to 7x10^5^M_{sun}_. We find a clear decline in the CO detection rate with galactocentric distance, which we attribute primarily to the decreasing radial metallicity gradient in NGC 300. We combine Galaxy Evolution Explorer far-ultraviolet, Spitzer 24{mu}m, and H{alpha} narrowband imaging to measure the star formation activity in our sample. We have developed a new direct modeling approach for computing star formation rates (SFRs) that utilizes these data and population synthesis models to derive the masses and ages of the young stellar clusters associated with each of our H II region targets. We find a characteristic gas depletion time of 230Myr at 250pc scales in NGC 300, more similar to the results obtained for Milky Way giant molecular clouds than the longer (>2Gyr) global depletion times derived for entire galaxies and kiloparsec-sized regions within them. This difference is partially due to the fact that our study accounts for only the gas and stars within the youngest star-forming regions. We also note a large scatter in the NGC 300 SFR-molecular gas mass scaling relation that is furthermore consistent with the Milky Way cloud results. This scatter likely represents real differences in giant molecular cloud physical properties such as the dense gas fraction.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/130/1763
- Title:
- 11.7{mu}m point sources in Orion
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/130/1763
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present a new 11.7{mu}m mosaic image of the inner Orion Nebula obtained with the T-ReCS instrument on Gemini South. The map covers 2.7'x1.6', with a diffraction-limited spatial resolution of 0.35"; it includes the BN/KL region, the Trapezium, and OMC-1 South. Excluding BN/KL, we detect 91 thermal-IR point sources, with 27 known proplyds and over 30 "naked" stars showing no extended structure in Hubble Space Telescope (HST) images.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/248/24
- Title:
- MUSTANG-2 Galactic Plane survey at 3mm (MGPS90)
- Short Name:
- J/ApJS/248/24
- Date:
- 04 Dec 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We report the results of a pilot program for a Green Bank Telescope MUSTANG-2 Galactic Plane survey at 3mm (90GHz), MGPS90. The survey achieves a typical 1{sigma} depth of 1-2mJy/beam with a 9" beam. We describe the survey parameters, quality assessment process, cataloging, and comparison with other data sets. We have identified 709 sources over seven observed fields selecting some of the most prominent millimeter-bright regions between 0{deg}<l<50{deg} (total area ~7.5deg^2^). The majority of these sources have counterparts at other wavelengths. By applying flux selection criteria to these sources, we successfully recovered several known hypercompact HII (HCHII) regions but did not confirm any new ones. We identify 126 sources that have mm-wavelength counterparts but do not have cm-wavelength counterparts and are therefore candidate HCHII regions; of these, 10 are morphologically compact and are strong candidates for new HCHII regions. Given the limited number of candidates in the extended area in this survey compared to the relatively large numbers seen in protoclusters W51 and W49, it appears that most HCHII regions exist within dense protoclusters. Comparing the counts of HCHII to ultracompact HII (UCHII) regions, we infer the HCHII region lifetime is 16%-46% that of the UCHII region lifetime. We additionally separated the 3mm emission into dust and free-free emission by comparing with archival 870{mu}m and 20cm data. In the selected pilot fields, most (>~80%) of the 3mm emission comes from plasma, either through free-free or synchrotron emission.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/other/PASA/33.20
- Title:
- MWA Survey of Galactic HII regions
- Short Name:
- J/other/PASA/33.
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We have compiled a catalogue of HII regions detected with the Murchison Widefield Array between 72 and 231MHz. The multiple frequency bands provided by the Murchison Widefield Array allow us identify the characteristic spectrum generated by the thermal Bremsstrahlung process in HII regions. We detect 306 HII regions between 260{deg}<l<340{deg} and report on the positions, sizes, peak, integrated flux density, and spectral indices of these HII regions. By identifying the point at which HII regions transition from the optically thin to thick regime, we derive the physical properties including the electron density, ionised gas mass, and ionising photon flux, towards 61 HII regions. This catalogue of HII regions represents the most extensive and uniform low frequency survey of HII regions in the Galaxy to date.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/209/29
- Title:
- MYStIX: Mid-IR observations and catalogs
- Short Name:
- J/ApJS/209/29
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Spitzer IRAC observations and stellar photometric catalogs are presented for the Massive Young star-forming complex Study in the Infrared and X-ray (MYStIX). MYStIX is a multiwavelength census of young stellar members of 20 nearby (d<4kpc), Galactic, star-forming regions that contain at least one O star. All regions have data available from the Spitzer Space Telescope consisting of GLIMPSE or other published catalogs for 11 regions and results of our own photometric analysis of archival data for the remaining 9 regions. This paper seeks to construct deep and reliable catalogs of sources from the Spitzer images. Mid-infrared study of these regions faces challenges of crowding and high nebulosity. Our new catalogs typically contain fainter sources than existing Spitzer studies, which improves the match rate to Chandra X-ray sources that are likely to be young stars, but increases the possibility of spurious point-source detections, especially peaks in the nebulosity. IRAC color-color diagrams help distinguish spurious detections of nebular polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon emission from the infrared excess associated with dusty disks around young stars. The distributions of sources on the mid-infrared color-magnitude and color-color diagrams reflect differences between MYStIX regions, including astrophysical effects such as stellar ages and disk evolution.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/209/27
- Title:
- MYStIX: the Chandra X-ray sources
- Short Name:
- J/ApJS/209/27
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The Massive Young star-forming complex Study in Infrared and X-ray (MYStIX) uses data from the Chandra X-Ray Observatory to identify and characterize the young stellar populations in 20 Galactic (d<4kpc) massive star-forming regions. Here, the X-ray analysis for Chandra ACIS-I observations of 10 of the MYStIX fields is described, and a catalog of >10000 X-ray sources is presented. In comparison to other published Chandra source lists for the same regions, the number of MYStIX-detected faint X-ray sources in a region is often doubled. While the higher catalog sensitivity increases the chance of false detections, it also increases the number of matches to infrared stars. X-ray emitting contaminants include foreground stars, background stars, and extragalactic sources. The X-ray properties of sources in these classes are discussed.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/209/28
- Title:
- MYStIX Wide-Field NIR data: crowded fields
- Short Name:
- J/ApJS/209/28
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present JHK infrared data from the UK InfraRed Telescope (UKIRT) for a subset of the regions of the Massive Young Star-Forming Complex Study in Infrared and X-ray (MYStIX) survey. Some of the data were obtained specifically for the MYStIX project, and some as part of the UKIRT Infrared Deep Sky Survey's Galactic Plane Survey (UKIDSS). In most of these fields, crowding is a significant issue for aperture photometry, and so we have re-extracted the photometry from the processed images using an optimal extraction technique, and we describe how we adapt the optimal technique to mitigate the effects of crowding.
