Direct imaging provides a steady flow of newly discovered giant planets and brown dwarf companions. These multi-object systems can provide information about the formation of low-mass companions in wide orbits and/or speculate about possible migration scenarios. The accurate classification of the companions is crucial for testing formation pathways. In this work we characterize further the recently discovered candidate for a planetary-mass companion CS Cha b and determine if it is still accreting. MUSE is a 4-laser-adaptive-optics-assisted medium-resolution integral-field spectrograph in the optical part of the spectrum. We observed the CS Cha system to obtain the first spectrum of CS Cha b. The companion is characterized by modelling both the spectrum from 6300{AA}, to 9300{AA}, and the photometry using archival data from the visible to the near-infrared. We find evidence of accretion and outflow signatures in H{alpha} and OI emission. The atmospheric models with the highest likelihood indicate an effective temperature of 3450+/-50K with a logg of 3.6+/-0.5dex. Based on evolutionary models, we find that the majority of the object is obscured. We determine the mass of the faint companion with several methods to be between 0.07 Msun and 0.71M_{sun}_ with an accretion rate of dM/dt=4x10^-11^+/-0.4x10^-11^M_{sun}_/yr. Our results show that CS Cha B is most likely a mid M-type star that is obscured by a highly inclined disk, which has led to its previous classification by broadband NIR photometry as a planetary-mass companion. This shows that it is important and necessary to observe over a broad spectral range to constrain the nature of faint companions.
HC_3_N is a ubiquitous molecule in interstellar environments, from external galaxies to Galactic interstellar clouds, star-forming regions, and planetary atmospheres. Observations of its rotational and vibrational transitions provide important information on the physical and chemical structures of the above environments. We present the most complete global analysis of the spectroscopic data of HC_3_N. We recorded the high-resolution infrared spectrum from 450 to 1350cm^-1^, a region dominated by the intense {nu}_5_ and {nu}_6_ fundamental bands, located at 660 and 500cm^-1^, respectively, and their associated hot bands. Pure rotational transitions in the ground and vibrationally excited states were recorded in the millimeter and submillimeter regions in order to extend the frequency range so far considered in previous investigations. All of the transitions from the literature and from this work involving energy levels lower than 1000cm^-1^ were fitted together to an effective Hamiltonian. Because of the presence of various anharmonic resonances, the Hamiltonian includes a number of interaction constants, in addition to the conventional rotational and vibrational l-type resonance terms. The data set contains about 3400 ro-vibrational lines of 13 bands and some 1500 pure rotational lines belonging to 12 vibrational states. More than 120 spectroscopic constants were determined directly from the fit, without any assumption deduced from theoretical calculations or comparisons with similar molecules. An extensive list of highly accurate rest frequencies was produced to assist astronomical searches and data interpretation. These improved data enabled a refined analysis of the ALMA observations toward Sgr B2(N2).
We present four epochs, A, B, C and D, of resolution ({lambda}/{delta}{lambda}) = 1200, 2.12 micron spectroscopy of the peculiar X-ray binary Cygnus X-3. About a half dozen spectra taken with resolution 900, and at 1.62 micron are also included. These data were obtained using the FSpec near-infrared spectrometer (Williams, D., Thompson, C.L., Rieke, G.H., Montgomery, E. 1993, Proc. SPIE 1308, 482) on the Multiple Mirror Telescope (MMT). The MMT is located at an elevation of 2600 m at the top of Mt. Hopkins in southern Arizona and is jointly operated by the Smithsonian Astrophysics Observatory and the University of Arizona. The spectra are stored as ascii files, listing wavelength in Angstroms and relative flux. Each file contains a five line header, giving the UT, Heliocentric Julian date and phase of the X-ray system at the start of the integration, followed by the data points. Additional information about the spectra can be obtained in the paper.
We present a method which uses colour-colour cuts on the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) photometry to select white dwarfs with hydrogen-rich (DA) atmospheres without the recourse to spectroscopy. This method results in a sample of DA white dwarfs that is 95 per cent complete at an efficiency of returning a true DA white dwarf of 62 per cent. The approach was applied to SDSS Data Release 7 for objects with and without SDSS spectroscopy.
Dwarf stars with debris discs and planets appear to be excellent laboratories to study the core accretion theory of planets formation. These systems are however, insufficiently studied. In this paper we present the main metallicity and lithium abundance properties of these stars together with stars with only debris discs and stars with only planets. Stars without detected planets nor discs are also considered. The analysed sample is formed by main-sequence FGK field single stars. Apart from the basic stellar parameters, we include the use of dusty discs masses. The main results show for the first time that the dust mass of debris disc stars with planets correlate with metallicity. We confirm that these disc dust masses are related to their central stellar masses. Separately, the masses of stars and those of planets also correlate with metallicity. We conclude that two conditions are necessary to form giant planets: to have a sufficient metallicity and also a sufficient protoplanetary mass of gas and dust. The debris discs masses of stars without giant planets do not correlate with metallicity, because they do not fulfil these two conditions. Concerning lithium, by adopting a stellar model for lithium depletion based on a strong interaction between the star and a protoplanetary disc, we found that in agreement with the model predictions, observations indicate that the main lithium depletion occurs during this initial protoplanetary evolution stage. We show that the ultimately lithium depletion is independent of the presence or absence of planets and appears to be only age dependent.
We cross-correlate the Hipparcos main-sequence star catalog with the AKARI/FIS catalog and identify 136 stars (at >90% reliability) with far-infrared detections in at least one band. After rejecting 57 stars classified as young stellar objects, Be stars and other type stars with known dust disks or with potential contaminations, and 4 stars without infrared excess emission, we obtain a sample of 75 candidate stars with debris disks. Stars in our sample cover spectral types from B to K with most being early types. This represents a unique sample of luminous debris disks that derived uniformly from an all-sky survey with a spatial resolution factor of four better than the previous such survey by IRAS. Moreover, by collecting the infrared photometric data from other public archives, almost three-quarters of them have infrared excesses in more than one band, allowing an estimate of the dust temperatures. We fit the blackbody model to the broadband spectral energy distribution of these stars to derive the statistical distribution of the disk parameters. Four B stars with excesses in four or more bands require a double blackbody model, with the high one around 100 or 200K and the low one around 40-50K.
We have searched for infrared excesses around a well-defined sample of 69 FGK main-sequence field stars. These stars were selected without regard to their age, metallicity, or any previous detection of IR excess; they have a median age of 4Gyr.
We present the star formation rates (SFRs) of a sample of 109 galaxies with X-ray-selected active galactic nuclei (AGNs) with moderate to high X-ray luminosities (L_2-8keV_=10^42^-10^45^erg/s), at redshifts 1<z<4.7, that were selected to be faint or undetected in the Herschel bands. We combine our deep Atacama large (sub-)millimetre array (ALMA) continuum observations with deblended 8-500um photometry from Spitzer and Herschel, and use infrared (IR) spectral energy distribution (SED) fitting and AGN - star formation decomposition methods. The addition of the ALMA photometry results in an order of magnitude more X-ray AGN in our sample with a measured SFR (now 37%). The remaining 63 % of the sources have SFR upper limits that are typically a factor of 2-10 times lower than the pre-ALMA constraints. With the improved constraints on the IR SEDs, we can now identify a mid-IR (MIR) AGN component in 50% of our sample, compared to only ~1% previously. We further explore the F_870um_/F_24um_ -redshift plane as a tool for the identification of MIR-emitting AGN, for three different samples representing AGN-dominated, star formation-dominated, and composite sources. We demonstrate that the F_870um_/F_24um_ -redshift plane can successfully split between AGN and star formation-dominated sources, and can be used as an AGN identification method.
We present the first results from the Australia Telescope Large Area Survey, which consists of deep radio observations of a 3.7deg^2^ field surrounding the Chandra Deep Field-South, largely coincident with the infrared Spitzer Wide-Area Infrared Extragalactic (SWIRE) Survey. We also list cross-identifications to infrared and optical photometry data from SWIRE, and ground-based optical spectroscopy. A total of 784 radio components are identified, corresponding to 726 distinct radio sources, nearly all of which are identified with SWIRE sources. Of the radio sources with measured redshifts, most lie in the redshift range 0.5-2 and include both star-forming galaxies and active galactic nuclei. We identify a rare population of infrared-faint radio sources that are bright at radio wavelengths but are not seen in the available optical, infrared, or X-ray data. Such rare classes of sources can only be discovered in wide, deep surveys such as this.
Deep Chandra obs. of the giant HII region N11 in LMC
Short Name:
J/ApJS/213/23
Date:
21 Oct 2021
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
A very sensitive X-ray investigation of the giant H II region N11 in the Large Megallanic Cloud was performed using the Chandra X-ray Observatory. The 300ks observation reveals X-ray sources with luminosities down to 10^32^erg/s, increasing the number of known point sources in the field by more than a factor of five. Among these detections are 13 massive stars (3 compact groups of massive stars, 9 O stars, and one early B star) with log (L_X_/L_BOL_)~-6.5 to -7, which may suggest that they are highly magnetic or colliding-wind systems. On the other hand, the stacked signal for regions corresponding to undetected O stars yields log (L_X_/L_BOL_)~-7.3, i.e., an emission level comparable to similar Galactic stars despite the lower metallicity. Other point sources coincide with 11 foreground stars, 6 late-B/A stars in N11, and many background objects. This observation also uncovers the extent and detailed spatial properties of the soft, diffuse emission regions, but the presence of some hotter plasma in their spectra suggests contamination by the unresolved stellar population.
