- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/410/597
- Title:
- Warm dust near methanol masers
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/410/597
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Continuum emission at 450 and 850{mu}m from warm dust has been mapped in the fields of 71 methanol masers. Within these fields lie 30 centimetre-wave radio continuum sources and an additional 13 methanol maser sites. Sub-mm emission is detected at all but one of the maser sites, confirming the association of methanol maser emission with deeply embedded objects. Measured bolometric luminosities confirm that methanol maser emission is an excellent signpost of high-mass star formation. Examples of nearby isolated maserless dust cores may be harbouring massive protostars at an earlier evolutionary stage.
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- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+AS/70/95
- Title:
- Warm IRAS sources. I. AGN candidates
- Short Name:
- J/A+AS/70/95
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We have previously shown that a blue (warm) 60 to 25{mu}m infrared colour provides a powerful parameter for discriminating between AGNs and normal galaxies and that the far-IR spectrum is therefore an efficient tool for finding new AGNs (de Grijp et al., 1985Natur.314..140D) Here we present a list of such AGN candidates based on warm IR sources from the IRAS Point Source Catalogue (PSC, Cat. II/125). Identification data and finding charts are also given. In addition the list of warm IRAS sources is supplemented by a compendium of data from the IRAS PSC on detected sources identified with previously known AGNs whose infrared spectra do not bring them within our colour selection criterion
1183. Warm IRAS sources. II.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+AS/96/389
- Title:
- Warm IRAS sources. II.
- Short Name:
- J/A+AS/96/389
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present optical spectra for a sample of 563 high-latitude IRAS sources selected from the Point Source Catalog to have relatively warm 25 to 60 micron colours. We have shown this selection criterion to be an efficient indicator for finding Seyfert galaxies. Plots of the optical spectra are shown and the fluxes of the strongest emission lines in these spectra are tabulated. After excluding 128 sources which are clearly galactic foreground objects, we obtained spectroscopic information for 358 extragalactic objects. Emission-line ratios have been used to classify these objects, resulting in 80 Seyfert 1, 141 Seyfert 2 and 133 HII-type objects. In comparison with samples of active nuclei selected in other ways, about 50% of known Seyfert nuclei are included by our colour criteria. This fraction is larger for high luminosities, reaching 80% for quasar luminosities. For lower-luminosity objects, contamination by the host galaxies becomes important and the sample becomes seriously incomplete. It should be moderately complete and representative for core luminosities greater than 10^23.5^W/Hz at 12m. Finally, the infrared luminosity function for each type of object is derived; the shapes for Seyfert 1 and 2 nuclei are identical, with a type 2/type 1 space-density ratio of 3.0. Our census is consistent with an obscuration scheme for producing both types of object from a single parent population, though the origin of excess cool IR radiation Irom many Seyferts is still unclear. We note the appearance of an apparent type II supernova in IRAS 0225-103 observed in 1985 September. Its spectrum suggests that it was observed between 1 and 2 months after maximum, perhaps in a "plateau" phase.
1184. Warm IRAS sources. IV.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+AS/108/61
- Title:
- Warm IRAS sources. IV.
- Short Name:
- J/A+AS/108/61
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present a list of objects observed to have extended line emission in our spectroscopic survey of infrared-warm AGN. Slit spectroscopic data were obtained for 225 galaxies identified with objects in our compendium of warm sources from the IRAS Point Source Catalog. Of these, 44 have spatially-resolved emission-line regions along the (arbitrarily placed) slit direction. Measured (projected) linear sizes of the ionized gas regions extend to >10kpc. In the case of the IRAS Seyfert galaxies the spatially extended line emission appears to have a lower ionization state than the nuclear emission. This contrasts with the warm IRAS starbust galaxies for which there is no significant difference between the ionization states of the nuclear and extended emission. For the starburst galaxies, there is a relation between the extent of star formation as seen at H{alpha} and the far-IR colors, with more compact bursts having "warmer" colors.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/156/295
- Title:
- Warm molecular hydrogen in nearby LIRGs
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/156/295
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Mid-infrared molecular hydrogen (H_2_) emission is a powerful cooling agent in galaxy mergers and in radio galaxies; it is a potential key tracer of gas evolution and energy dissipation associated with mergers, star formation, and accretion onto supermassive black holes. We detect mid-IR H_2_ line emission in at least one rotational transition in 91% of the 214 Luminous Infrared Galaxies (LIRGs) observed with Spitzer as part of the Great Observatories All-sky LIRG Survey. We use H_2_ excitation diagrams to estimate the range of masses and temperatures of warm molecular gas in these galaxies. We find that LIRGs in which the IR emission originates mostly from the Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) have about 100 K higher H_2_ mass-averaged excitation temperatures than LIRGs in which the IR emission originates mostly from star formation. Between 10% and 15% of LIRGs have H_2_ emission lines that are sufficiently broad to be resolved or partially resolved by the high-resolution modules of Spitzer's Infrared Spectrograph (IRS). Those sources tend to be mergers and contain AGN. This suggests that a significant fraction of the H_2_ line emission is powered by AGN activity through X-rays, cosmic rays, and turbulence. We find a statistically significant correlation between the kinetic energy in the H_2_ gas and the H_2_ to IR luminosity ratio. The sources with the largest warm gas kinetic energies are mergers. We speculate that mergers increase the production of bulk inflows leading to observable broad H_2_ profiles and possibly denser gas.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/669/959
- Title:
- Warm molecular hydrogen in SINGS galaxy sample
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/669/959
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Results on the properties of warm molecular hydrogen in 57 normal galaxies are derived from measurements of H_2_ rotational transitions, obtained as part of SINGS. This study extends previous extragalactic surveys of emission lines of H_2_ to fainter and more common systems (LFIR = 10^7^-6x10^10^L_{sun}_). The 17um S(1) transition is securely detected in the nuclear regions of 86% of galaxies with stellar masses above 10^9.5^M_{sun}_.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/439/2701
- Title:
- Warm molecular hydrogen in ULIRGs
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/439/2701
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Ultraluminous infrared galaxies (ULIRGs) show on average three times more emission in the rotational transitions of molecular hydrogen than expected based on their star formation rates. Using Spitzer archival data, we investigate the origin of excess warm H_2_ emission in 115 ULIRGs of the IRAS 1Jy sample. We find a strong correlation between H_2_ and [FeII] line luminosities, suggesting that excess H_2_ is produced in shocks propagating within neutral or partially ionized medium. This view is supported by the correlations between H_2_ and optical line ratios diagnostic of such shocks. The galaxies powered by star formation and those powered by active nuclei follow the same relationship between H_2_ and [FeII], with emission line width being the major difference between these classes (~500 and ~1000km/s, respectively). We conclude that excess H_2_ emission is produced as the supernovae and active nuclei drive outflows into the neutral interstellar medium of the ULIRGs. A weak positive correlation between H_2_ and the length of the tidal tails indicates that these outflows are more likely to be encountered in more advanced mergers, but there is no evidence for excess H_2_ produced as a result of the collision shocks during the final coalescence.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/707/1
- Title:
- Water and Methanol masers in NGC 6334I(N)
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/707/1
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present a high-resolution, multi-wavelength study of the massive protostellar cluster NGC 6334 I(N) that combines new spectral line data from the Submillimeter Array (SMA) and VLA with a re-analysis of archival VLA continuum data, Two Micron All Sky Survey and Spitzer images. As shown previously, the brightest 1.3mm source SMA1 contains substructure at subarcsecond resolution, and we report the first detection of SMA1b at 3.6cm along with a new spatial component at 7mm (SMA1d). We find SMA1 (aggregate of sources a, b, c, and d) and SMA4 to be comprised of free-free and dust components, while SMA6 shows only dust emission. Our 1.5" resolution 1.3mm molecular line images reveal substantial hot-core line emission toward SMA1 and to a lesser degree SMA2. We find CH_3_OH rotation temperatures of 165+/-9K and 145+/-12K for SMA1 and SMA2, respectively. We estimate a diameter of 1400AU for the SMA1 hot-core emission, encompassing both SMA1b and SMA1d, and speculate that these sources comprise a >~800AU separation binary that may explain the previously suggested precession of the outflow emanating from the SMA1 region. Compact line emission from SMA4 is weak, and none is seen toward SMA6. The LSR velocities of SMA1, SMA2, and SMA4 all differ by 1-2km/s. Outflow activity from SMA1, SMA2, SMA4, and SMA6 is observed in several molecules including SiO(5-4) and IRAC 4.5um emission; 24um emission from SMA4 is also detected. Eleven water maser groups are detected, eight of which coincide with SMA1, SMA2, SMA4, and SMA6, while two others are associated with the Sandell source SM2. We also detect a total of 83 Class I CH_3_OH 44GHz maser spots which likely result from the combined activity of many outflows. Our observations paint the portrait of multiple young hot cores in a protocluster prior to the stage where its members become visible in the near-infrared.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/610/A9
- Title:
- Water ice spectra toward the Pipe Nebula
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/610/A9
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Spectroscopic studies of ices in nearby star-forming regions indicate that ice mantles form on dust grains in two distinct steps, starting with polar ice formation (H_2_O rich) and switching to apolar ice (CO rich). We test how well the picture applies to more diffuse and quiescent clouds where the formation of the first layers of ice mantles can be witnessed. Medium-resolution near-infrared spectra are obtained toward background field stars behind the Pipe Nebula. The water ice absorption is positively detected at 3.0um in seven lines of sight out of 21 sources for which observed spectra are successfully reduced. The peak optical depth of the water ice is significantly lower than those in Taurus with the same A_V_. The source with the highest water-ice optical depth shows CO ice absorption at 4.7um as well. The fractional abundance of CO ice with respect to water ice is 16+7-6%, and about half as much as the values typically seen in low-mass star-forming regions. A small fractional abundance of CO ice is consistent with some of the existing simulations. Observations of CO2 ice in the early diffuse phase of a cloud play a decisive role in understanding the switching mechanism between polar and apolar ice formation.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/764/61
- Title:
- Water maser and NH_3_ survey of GLIMPSE EGOs
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/764/61
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present the results of a Nobeyama 45m H_2_O maser and NH_3_ survey of all 94 northern GLIMPSE extended green objects (EGOs), a sample of massive young stellar objects (MYSOs) identified based on their extended 4.5{mu}m emission. We observed the NH_3_(1,1), (2,2), and (3,3) inversion lines, and detected emission toward 97%, 63%, and 46% of our sample, respectively (median rms~50mK). The H_2_O maser detection rate is 68% (median rms~0.11Jy). The derived H_2_O maser and clump-scale gas properties are consistent with the identification of EGOs as young MYSOs. To explore the degree of variation among EGOs, we analyze subsamples defined based on mid-infrared (MIR) properties or maser associations. H_2_O masers and warm dense gas, as indicated by emission in the higher-excitation NH_3_ transitions, are most frequently detected toward EGOs also associated with both Class I and II CH_3_OH masers. Ninety-five percent (81%) of such EGOs are detected in H_2_O (NH_3_(3,3)), compared to only 33% (7%) of EGOs without either CH_3_OH maser type. As populations, EGOs associated with Class I and/or II CH_3_OH masers have significantly higher NH_3_ line widths, column densities, and kinetic temperatures than EGOs undetected in CH_3_OH maser surveys. However, we find no evidence for statistically significant differences in H_2_O maser properties (such as maser luminosity) among any EGO subsamples. Combining our data with the 1.1mm continuum Bolocam Galactic Plane Survey, we find no correlation between isotropic H_2_O maser luminosity and clump number density. H_2_O maser luminosity is weakly correlated with clump (gas) temperature and clump mass.
