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Start Over Subject milky way galaxy Validation Level 2
151. Equivalent widths for RSGs in the MW & LMC/SMC
ID:
ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/157/167
Title:
Equivalent widths for RSGs in the MW & LMC/SMC
Short Name:
J/AJ/157/167
Date:
21 Oct 2021
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
Red supergiants (RSGs) are evolved massive stars that represent extremes, in both their physical sizes and their cool temperatures, of the massive star population. The effective temperature (T_eff_) is the most critical physical property needed to place an RSG on the Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram, due to the stars' cool temperatures and resulting large bolometric corrections. Several recent papers have examined the potential utility of atomic line equivalent widths (EWs) in cool supergiant (CSG) spectra for determining T_eff_ and other physical properties and found strong correlations between Ti I and Fe I spectral features and T_eff_ in earlier-type CSGs (G and early K) but poor correlations in M-type stars, a spectral subtype that makes up a significant fraction of RSGs. We have extended this work by measuring the EWs of Ti, Fe, and Ca lines in late K- and M-type RSGs in the Milky Way, Large Magellanic Cloud, and Small Magellanic Cloud, and compared these results to the predictions of the theoretical stellar LTE atmosphere models (MARCS) stellar atmosphere models. Our analyses show a poor correlation between T_eff_ and the Fe I and Ti I lines in our observations (at odds with strong correlations predicted by stellar atmosphere models), but do find statistically significant correlations between T_eff_ and the Ca II triplet (CaT) features of Milky Way RSGs, suggesting that this could be a potential diagnostic tool for determining T_eff_ in M-type supergiants. We also examine correlations between these spectral features and other physical properties of RSGs (including metallicity, surface gravity, and bolometric magnitude), and consider the underlying physics driving the evolution of atomic line spectra in RSGs.
152. Equivalent widths in 10 open clusters
ID:
ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/588/A120
Title:
Equivalent widths in 10 open clusters
Short Name:
J/A+A/588/A120
Date:
21 Oct 2021
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
Open clusters are distributed all across the disk and are convenient tracers of its properties. In particular, outer disk clusters bear a key role for the investigation of the chemical evolution of the Galactic disk. The goal of this study is to derive homogeneous elemental abundances for a sample of ten outer disk OCs, and investigate possible links with disk structures such as the Galactic Anticenter Stellar Structure. We analyse high-resolution spectra of red giants, obtained from the HIRES@Keck and UVES@VLT archives. We derive elemental abundances and stellar atmosphere parameters by means of the classical equivalent width method. We also performed orbit integrations using proper motions. The Fe abundances we derive trace a shallow negative radial metallicity gradient of slope -0.027+/-0.007dex/kpc in the outer 12kpc of the disk. The [alpha/Fe] gradient appears flat, with a slope of 0.006+/-0.007dex/kpc. The two outermost clusters (Be 29 and Sau 1) appear to follow elliptical orbits. Be 20 also exhibits a peculiar orbit with a large excursion above the plane. The irregular orbits of the three most metal-poor clusters (two of which are located at the edge of the Galactic disk), if confirmed by more robust astrometric measurements such as those of the Gaia mission, are compatible with an inside-out formation scenario for the Milky Way, in which extragalactic material is accreted onto the outer disk. We cannot determine if Be 20, Be 29, and Sau 1 are of extragalactic origin, as they may be old genuine Galactic clusters whose orbits were perturbed by accretion events or minor mergers in the past 5Gyr, or they may be representants of the thick disk population. The nature of these objects is intriguing and deserves further investigations in the near future.
153. Evolutionary traits for stellar phylogenie
ID:
ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/502/32
Title:
Evolutionary traits for stellar phylogenie
Short Name:
J/MNRAS/502/32
Date:
21 Oct 2021
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
Since chemical abundances are inherited between generations of stars, we use them to trace the evolutionary history of our Galaxy. We present a robust methodology for creating a phylogenetic tree, a biological tool used for centuries to study heritability. Combining our phylogeny with information on stellar ages and dynamical properties, we reconstruct the shared history of 78 stars in the Solar Neighbourhood. The branching pattern in our tree supports a scenario in which the thick disk is an ancestral population of the thin disk. The transition from thick to thin disk shows an anomaly, which we attribute to a star formation burst. Our tree shows a further signature of the variability in stars similar to the Sun, perhaps linked to a minor star formation enhancement creating our Solar System. In this paper, we demonstrate the immense potential of a phylogenetic perspective and interdisciplinary collaboration, where with borrowed techniques from biology we can study key processes that have contributed to the evolution of the Milky Way.
154. Extended Hipparcos Compilation (XHIP)
ID:
ivo://CDS.VizieR/V/137D
Title:
Extended Hipparcos Compilation (XHIP)
Short Name:
V/137D
Date:
21 Oct 2021
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
The Extended Hipparcos Compilation (XHIP) cross-references the New Hipparcos Reduction (HIP2, Cat. I/311) with relatable data from a broad survey of presently available sources. The resulting collection uniquely assigns 116,096 spectral classifications, 46,392 radial velocities, and 19,097 iron abundances [Fe/H] to Hipparcos stars. Stellar classifications from SIMBAD and indications of multiplicity from either CCDM (Cat. I/274) or WDS (Cat. B/wds) are provided. Parameters for solar encounters and Galactic orbits are calculated for a subset of stars that can be made kinematically complete. Memberships in open clusters and stellar associations are assigned. We also provide stellar ages from The Geneva-Copenhagen survey of the Solar neighbourhood III (Cat. V/130), identifications of exoplanet host stars, and supplemental photometry from 2MASS (Cat. II/246) and SIMBAD.
155. Extended red(dened) regions in 2MASS
ID:
ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/515/A51
Title:
Extended red(dened) regions in 2MASS
Short Name:
J/A+A/515/A51
Date:
21 Oct 2021
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
The aim of this paper is to identify extended red regions in the outer galactic plane based on reddening of stars in the near-infrared. We argue that these regions appear reddened mainly due to extinction caused by molecular clouds and young stellar objects. The work presented here is used as a basis for identifying star forming regions and in particular the very early stages. An accompanying paper describes the cross-identification of the identified regions with existing data, uncovering more on the nature of the reddening.
156. Extinction maps in the bulge from APOGEE
ID:
ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/148/24
Title:
Extinction maps in the bulge from APOGEE
Short Name:
J/AJ/148/24
Date:
21 Oct 2021
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
Galactic interstellar extinction maps are powerful and necessary tools for Milky Way structure and stellar population analyses, particularly toward the heavily reddened bulge and in the midplane. However, due to the difficulty of obtaining reliable extinction measures and distances for a large number of stars that are independent of these maps, tests of their accuracy and systematics have been limited. Our goal is to assess a variety of photometric stellar extinction estimates, including both two-dimensional and three-dimensional extinction maps, using independent extinction measures based on a large spectroscopic sample of stars toward the Milky Way bulge. We employ stellar atmospheric parameters derived from high-resolution H-band Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE) spectra, combined with theoretical stellar isochrones, to calculate line-of-sight extinction and distances for a sample of more than 2400 giants toward the Milky Way bulge. We compare these extinction values to those predicted by individual near-IR and near+mid-IR stellar colors, two-dimensional bulge extinction maps, and three-dimensional extinction maps. The long baseline, near+mid-IR stellar colors are, on average, the most accurate predictors of the APOGEE extinction estimates, and the two-dimensional and three-dimensional extinction maps derived from different stellar populations along different sightlines show varying degrees of reliability. We present the results of all of the comparisons and discuss reasons for the observed discrepancies. We also demonstrate how the particular stellar atmospheric models adopted can have a strong impact on this type of analysis, and discuss related caveats.
157. Extinction map towards the Galactic bulge
ID:
ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/550/A42
Title:
Extinction map towards the Galactic bulge
Short Name:
J/A+A/550/A42
Date:
21 Oct 2021
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
We combine the observations with the Besancon model of the Galaxy to investigate the variations of extinction along different lines of sight towards the inner Galactic bulge as a function of distance. The full results are listed in Table 1 and Table 2. These results will be also added into the BEAM calculator webpage (http://mill.astro.puc.cl/BEAM/calculator.php). For each position we give the E(J-Ks), E(H-Ks) as well as the corresponding sigma for each distance bin starting from 1 to 10kpc.
158. Extinctions at 7um & 15um from ISOGAL survey
ID:
ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/446/551
Title:
Extinctions at 7um & 15um from ISOGAL survey
Short Name:
J/A+A/446/551
Date:
21 Oct 2021
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
The ISOGAL PSC data have been associated with near-infrared 2MASS sources, consisting a five-band photometric catalogue. In comparison with the ISOGAL-DENIS PSC catalogue, the number of fields in the ISOGAL-2MASS PSC is increased by 43 thanks to the 2MASS inclusion of the northern ISOGAL field. This point source catalogue contains all parameters of 7{mu}m or 15{mu}m from the ISOGAL PSC, together with the J H Ks bands data from the 2MASS All-Sky PSC (see the paper for a complete description). Based on the ISOGAL-2MASS PSC, the extinction laws at 7{mu}m and 15{mu}m are derived for more than 120 sightlines in the inner Galactic plane. The extinction values at 7{mu}m and 15{mu}m were in terms of the near-infrared extinction in the Ks band. The ratios that E(Ks-[7])/E(J-Ks) and E(Ks-[7])/E(Ks-[15]) are also displayed in the tables (see the paper for a complete description).
159. Faraday cubes Fields A B and C
ID:
ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/654/A5
Title:
Faraday cubes Fields A B and C
Short Name:
J/A+A/654/A5
Date:
22 Feb 2022
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
Faraday tomography of a field centred on the extragalactic point source 3C 196 with the LOw Frequency ARray (LOFAR) revealed an intertwined structure of diffuse polarised emission with straight depolarisation canals and tracers of the magnetized and multi-phase interstellar medium (ISM), such as dust and line emission from atomic hydrogen (HI). This study aims at extending the multi-tracer analysis of LOFAR data to three additional fields in the surroundings of the 3C 196 field. For the first time, we study the three-dimensional structure of the LOFAR emission by determining the distance to the depolarisation canals. We use the Rolling Hough Transform to compare the orientation of the depolarisation canals with that of the filamentary structure seen in HI and, based on starlight and dust polarisation data, with that of the plane-of-the-sky magnetic field. Stellar parallaxes from Gaia complement the starlight polarisation with the corresponding distances. Faraday tomography of the three fields shows a rich network of diffuse polarised emission at Faraday depths between -10rad/m^2^ and +15rad/m^2^. A complex system of straight depolarisation canals resembles that of the 3C 196 field. The depolarisation canals align both with the HI filaments and with the magnetic field probed by dust. The observed alignment suggests that an ordered magnetic field organises the multiphase ISM over a large area (~20{deg}). In one field, two groups of stars at distances below and above 200pc, respectively, show distinct magnetic-field orientations. These are both comparable with the orientations of the depolarisation canals in the same field. We conclude that the depolarisation canals likely trace the same change of the magnetic field as probed by the stars, which corresponds to the edge of the Local Bubble.
160. Faraday rotation at high Galactic latitude
ID:
ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/714/1170
Title:
Faraday rotation at high Galactic latitude
Short Name:
J/ApJ/714/1170
Date:
21 Oct 2021
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
We present a study of the vertical magnetic field of the Milky Way toward the Galactic poles, determined from observations of Faraday rotation toward more than 1000 polarized extragalactic radio sources at Galactic latitudes |b|>=77{deg}, using the Westerbork Radio Synthesis Telescope and the Australia Telescope Compact Array. We find median rotation measures (RMs) of 0.0+/-0.5rad/m^2^ and +6.3+/-0.7rad/m^2^ toward the north and south Galactic poles, respectively, demonstrating that there is no coherent vertical magnetic field in the Milky Way at the Sun's position. If this is a global property of the Milky Way's magnetism, then the lack of symmetry across the disk rules out pure dipole or quadrupole geometries for the Galactic magnetic field. The angular fluctuations in RM seen in our data show no preferred scale within the range ~0.1{deg} to ~25{deg}. The observed standard deviation in RM of ~9rad/m^2^ then implies an upper limit of ~1uG on the strength of the random magnetic field in the warm ionized medium at high Galactic latitudes.